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Groups > comp.lang.forth > #51623
| From | rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> |
|---|---|
| Newsgroups | comp.lang.forth |
| Subject | Re: Stack Sizes |
| Date | 2016-10-05 10:16 -0400 |
| Organization | A noiseless patient Spider |
| Message-ID | <nt31uj$hvt$1@dont-email.me> (permalink) |
| References | (3 earlier) <nsu0fs$ehj$1@newsreader4.netcologne.de> <20161004083103.4569b5b5@HP-6550b> <2016Oct4.104604@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> <b90bb725-f797-4ca5-9163-4ab10001fdc0@googlegroups.com> <2016Oct5.115932@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> |
On 10/5/2016 5:59 AM, Anton Ertl wrote:
> hughaguilar96@gmail.com writes:
>> When I designed the Stundurd, I was working on the assumption that memory-a=
>> ccess is significantly slower than register-access, and hence the key to bo=
>> osting performance was to hold data in registers as much as possible. I all=
>> ow zero, one or two of the top data-stack items to be held in registers. Al=
>> l of the machine-code primitives have multiple versions, which expect 0, 1 =
>> or 2 items in registers and leave 0, 1 or 2 items in registers. The compile=
>> r has to be smart about compiling the correct versions of the primitives so=
>> they match up --- a primitive that leaves some number of top items in regi=
>> sters has to be followed by a primitive that expects the same number of top=
>> items in registers
>
> That's what gforth-fast is doing (although it uses only 0 or 1 items
> on many architectures, and 0-3 on PowerPC and ARM64).
>
>> All in all, I thought my design was pretty cool. A lot of people (including=
>> Walter Banks) told me that my design was obsolete however. I was thinking =
>> about processors as they existed in the mid-1990s (when the MiniForth/RACE =
>> was developed), but that modern processors are different --- nowadays an FP=
>> GA will have all of its RAM inside of the chip, and hence there is no diffe=
>> rence in speed between "memory" and "registers" which are actually the same=
>> thing.
>>
>> Anton Ertl's paper (as much as I can tell from the abstract) seems to be pr=
>> omoting the same idea that I was working on --- why doesn't anybody tell hi=
>> m that this idea is obsolete and hasn't been meaningful since the mid-1990s=
>> ?
>
> Maybe you should check whether the claims are true. Of course, for an
> FPGA-based CPU, you can make registers as slow as RAM if you want, but
> why would you do that, and why would you use a register machine for
> implementing Forth on an FPGA in the first place?
The claim that block RAM is as fast as registers is not completely true.
The clock setup and clock to data delays are close enough, but
registers (even if implemented in a LUT) are async read while block RAM
is synchronous on reads as well as writes. This means you have to jump
through hoops to read a block RAM in the same clock cycle the address is
presented.
There are some tricks you can play to work around that, but they are
messy and one adds half a clock cycle to the output delay (clocking the
RAM on the falling edge rather than the rising edge. The other one I
sometimes use is to treat the register in the read path as an address
latch. It is updated on every clock cycle, but only used if the
instruction is a read. In my CPU design this means it mirrors the top
of the return stack since that is where addresses are used rather than
on the data stack.
> Anyway, on hard CPUs there is a significant difference between
> register access and L1 cache access (and the fairy tale about
> memory/cache accesses being as fast as register accesses has already
> been told in the 1990s).
>
> In particular, if you store to memory and then load from the same
> spot, as you do if keep TOS in memory, this takes at least 4 cycles on
> a modern Intel CPU, whereas just keeping it in a register costs 0
> cycles. And similar for other hard CPUs.
But that will vary across CPUs. If the comparison is for embedded
systems you need to consider other CPUs and caches. I believe some of
the lower end ARMs, CM3/CM4, run the caches as fast as registers, but
I'm not sure.
> If you already keep the TOS in a register, then adding the option to
> allow 0 buys a little bit, optionally using 2 buys some more, and
> optionally using 3 buys very little more. Here are timing results for
> a Cortex A53 executing ARM64 code:
>
> sieve bubble matrix fib fft version
> 0.390 0.490 0.270 0.520 0.260 2016-04-27 (0-1 registers)
> 0.330 0.370 0.250 0.480 0.290 2010-05-27 (0-3 registers)
>
> For more results, take a look at
>
> @InProceedings{ertl&gregg05,
> author = {M. Anton Ertl and David Gregg},
> title = {Stack Caching in {Forth}},
> crossref = {euroforth05},
> pages = {6--15},
> url = {http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/papers/ertl%26gregg05.ps.gz},
> pdfurl = {http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/anton/euroforth2005/papers/ertl%26gregg05.pdf},
> OPTnote = {not refereed},
> abstract = {Stack caching speeds Forth up by keeping stack items
> in registers, reducing the number of memory accesses
> for stack items. This paper describes our work on
> extending Gforth's stack caching implementation to
> support more than one register in the canonical
> state, and presents timing results for the resulting
> Forth system. For single-representation stack
> caches, keeping just one stack item in registers is
> usually best, and provides speedups up to a factor
> of 2.84 over the straight-forward stack
> representation. For stack caches with multiple stack
> representations, using the one-register
> representation as canonical representation is
> usually optimal, resulting in an overall speedup of
> up to a factor of 3.80 (and up to a factor of 1.53
> over single-representation stack caching).}
> }
>
> @Proceedings{euroforth05,
> title = {21st EuroForth Conference},
> booktitle = {21st EuroForth Conference},
> year = {2005},
> key = {EuroForth'05},
> editor = {M. Anton Ertl},
> url = {http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/anton/euroforth2005/papers/proceedings.pdf}
> }
>
> - anton
>
--
Rick C
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Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-03 08:22 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes foxaudioresearch@gmail.com - 2016-10-03 07:00 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-03 11:14 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Bernd Linsel <bl1@gmx.com> - 2016-10-03 18:20 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-03 11:30 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-03 15:27 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-03 18:12 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-03 17:52 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2016-10-03 16:06 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Jan Coombs <jenfhaomndgfwutc@murmic.plus.com> - 2016-10-04 08:31 +0100
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-04 08:46 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-04 10:38 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-04 11:59 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-05 09:59 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-05 10:16 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-06 08:21 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes minforth@arcor.de - 2016-10-04 05:00 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-04 08:49 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2016-10-03 16:28 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-04 10:36 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Rod Pemberton <NoHaveNotOne@zxdehrnyya.cam> - 2016-10-04 16:15 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Brad Eckert <hwfwguy@gmail.com> - 2016-11-09 09:56 -0800
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-11-12 09:15 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-03 10:35 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes Bernd Paysan <bernd@net2o.de> - 2016-10-11 01:01 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-03 10:21 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-03 11:06 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-03 15:22 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-03 18:04 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Hans Bezemer <the.beez.speaks@gmail.com> - 2016-10-04 20:46 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-04 15:40 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-05 12:26 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-05 15:44 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-05 16:32 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-05 20:01 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-07 07:39 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-05 20:36 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-05 21:28 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes alex <alex@rivadpm.com> - 2016-10-05 22:07 +0100
Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-06 00:05 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Andrew Haley <andrew29@littlepinkcloud.invalid> - 2016-10-06 02:17 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-04 19:27 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Hans Bezemer <the.beez.speaks@gmail.com> - 2016-10-05 18:58 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-05 13:17 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Hans Bezemer <the.beez.speaks@gmail.com> - 2016-10-22 12:35 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-05 12:18 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-05 16:07 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-05 15:50 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-05 17:36 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-05 17:14 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes "Elizabeth D. Rather" <erather@forth.com> - 2016-10-05 14:48 -1000
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-05 20:49 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-03 16:32 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes Chris Curl <ccurl609@gmail.com> - 2016-10-03 13:53 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-03 17:54 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Rod Pemberton <NoHaveNotOne@zxdehrnyya.cam> - 2016-10-03 23:40 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-04 11:30 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-03 21:47 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-04 11:22 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-04 11:44 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-04 15:53 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Rod Pemberton <NoHaveNotOne@zxdehrnyya.cam> - 2016-10-04 16:15 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-05 14:31 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-06 08:48 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2016-10-06 13:08 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-06 19:11 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes jim.brakefield@ieee.org - 2016-10-06 12:08 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes alex <alex@rivadpm.com> - 2016-10-06 21:47 +0100
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-06 19:05 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-06 21:57 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes jim.brakefield@ieee.org - 2016-10-06 19:21 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-07 00:10 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2016-10-06 23:14 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-07 02:26 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2016-10-06 23:57 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Andrew Haley <andrew29@littlepinkcloud.invalid> - 2016-10-07 08:18 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-07 10:52 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-09 16:22 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-10 01:49 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-10 10:21 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-10 22:39 -0400
Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes albert@cherry.spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2016-10-10 12:36 +0200
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-13 13:45 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-14 01:16 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-15 20:38 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-16 02:00 -0400
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes lawrencedo99@gmail.com - 2016-10-16 18:38 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-16 22:27 -0400
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Raimond Dragomir <raimond.dragomir@gmail.com> - 2016-10-16 21:14 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-17 00:35 -0400
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Raimond Dragomir <raimond.dragomir@gmail.com> - 2016-10-16 23:31 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes "Elizabeth D. Rather" <erather@forth.com> - 2016-10-16 20:36 -1000
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-17 13:11 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Rod Pemberton <NeedNotReplyHere@xrsevnneqk.cem> - 2016-10-17 19:14 -0400
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Bernd Paysan <bernd@net2o.de> - 2016-10-17 21:53 +0000
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes lawrencedo99@gmail.com - 2016-10-17 16:54 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Bernd Paysan <bernd@net2o.de> - 2016-10-21 22:13 +0000
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes lawrencedo99@gmail.com - 2016-10-21 17:46 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Bernd Paysan <bernd@net2o.de> - 2016-10-23 22:26 +0000
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes JUERGEN <epldfpga@aol.com> - 2016-10-24 09:13 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes lawrencedo99@gmail.com - 2016-10-24 16:28 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2016-10-24 17:20 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-24 22:23 -0400
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Bernd Paysan <bernd@net2o.de> - 2016-11-04 20:39 +0000
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes lawrencedo99@gmail.com - 2016-10-16 22:42 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes albert@cherry.spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2016-10-17 11:12 +0200
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2016-10-17 09:20 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-17 19:11 -0400
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2016-10-17 16:40 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-17 20:19 -0400
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2016-10-17 17:25 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-17 20:50 -0400
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes albert@cherry.spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2016-10-18 02:04 +0200
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-18 06:13 +0000
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-16 15:21 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2016-10-17 04:09 -0400
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-17 13:48 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes albert@cherry.spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2016-10-18 02:12 +0200
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-18 00:35 -0700
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes albert@cherry.spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2016-10-18 12:53 +0200
Re: Straight Forth Re: Stack Sizes hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2016-10-18 12:12 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-07 16:53 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes Andrew Haley <andrew29@littlepinkcloud.invalid> - 2016-10-09 08:34 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-09 16:03 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes Andrew Haley <andrew29@littlepinkcloud.invalid> - 2016-10-10 03:25 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-10 10:29 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes Andrew Haley <andrew29@littlepinkcloud.invalid> - 2016-10-11 05:19 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-10 14:41 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes Lars Brinkhoff <lars.spam@nocrew.org> - 2016-10-10 20:23 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes Andrew Haley <andrew29@littlepinkcloud.invalid> - 2016-10-11 05:16 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-12 12:54 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes albert@cherry.spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2016-10-12 18:27 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-12 17:06 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes Andrew Haley <andrew29@littlepinkcloud.invalid> - 2016-10-12 13:01 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-12 17:07 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes albert@cherry.spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2016-10-13 03:18 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-14 14:26 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes lawrencedo99@gmail.com - 2016-10-12 20:30 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-13 15:52 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes lawrencedo99@gmail.com - 2016-10-13 15:05 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Andrew Haley <andrew29@littlepinkcloud.invalid> - 2016-10-14 03:08 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-14 14:41 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-07 12:33 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2016-10-08 01:12 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes Rod Pemberton <NeedNotReplyHere@xrsevnneqk.cem> - 2016-10-07 23:05 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes jim.brakefield@ieee.org - 2016-10-07 21:56 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Walter Banks <walter@bytecraft.com> - 2016-10-08 07:23 -0400
Re: Stack Sizes lawrencedo99@gmail.com - 2016-10-11 22:39 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Lars Brinkhoff <lars.spam@nocrew.org> - 2016-10-07 08:21 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes albert@cherry.spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2016-10-07 09:22 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes Lars Brinkhoff <lars.spam@nocrew.org> - 2016-10-07 09:35 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes jim.brakefield@ieee.org - 2016-10-07 10:51 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes Cecil Bayona <cbayona@cbayona.com> - 2016-10-07 13:21 -0500
Re: Stack Sizes Lars Brinkhoff <lars.spam@nocrew.org> - 2016-10-07 20:40 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes albert@cherry.spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2016-10-07 20:53 +0200
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-07 07:35 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2016-10-07 01:09 -0700
Re: Stack Sizes anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2016-10-07 15:59 +0000
Re: Stack Sizes Bernd Paysan <bernd@net2o.de> - 2016-10-17 22:05 +0000
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