Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment]

From	James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu>
Newsgroups	comp.lang.c
Subject	Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment]
Date	2018-11-21 09:05 -0500
Organization	A noiseless patient Spider
Message-ID	<pt3omq$167$1@dont-email.me> (permalink)
References	(8 earlier) <20181120140102.05f98f04f3ea664fa30807e2@g{oogle}mail.com> <pt11ds$sa9$1@dont-email.me> <20181120230835.f7b3a89f2ed4aa738fa0fa3b@gmail.com> <db144560-9b27-4b9f-9b65-21a0004adbcc@googlegroups.com> <20181121163818.78148f14a49382c034c16826@g{oogle}mail.com>

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On 11/21/18 08:38, Anton Shepelev wrote:
> James Kuyper:
> 
>> I'll insert comments about this usage sample explaining how
>> I currently understand the issue relevant the to anti-
>> aliasing rule.
> 
> I fear that I misunderstand the very fundamental concepts of
> object, allcoated object, and effective type.  May I please
> stop here and ask questions about them before proceeding to
> Ben's code?
> 
>   1.  Is it correct that malloc creates a single allocated
>       object?

Yes.

>   2.  How many effective types can a single allocated object
>       have?  I think it is one or zero.

Different parts of an allocated object can have different types. This is
particularly obvious if it is used to store a struct containing members
of different types, but you can also write objects of different types to
different parts of allocated memory, giving those parts of the memory
different effective types.

>   3.  Can an object be considered as consisting of smaller
>       objects, e.g. (assuming a 4-byte int and a 2-byte
>       short int) a 4-byte object as two contiguous 2-byte
>       objects (when I use it to store two short ints) or
>       four contiguous singe-byte objects (when I use it to
>       store four characters)?

Yes - there's three different ways in which a C object can contain
smaller sub-objects: Arrays contain smaller objects, which are the
elements of the array. Every object, regardless of type, can be accessed
as an array of character type; the individual characters of that array
are sub-objects of the entire object. Finally, structs may be used to
create heterogeneous collections of sub-objects of different types.

>   4.  Is effective type associated with whatever address
>       range is accessed rather than with the whole object
>       returned by malloc()?  If so, it must take a lot of
>       space for the compiler to track the effective type of
>       every single byte of allocated memory.

I believe it is not necessary for a compiler to store such information.
The distinction is relevant primarily to which optimizations an
implementation is permitted to perform, but what's relevant to those
optimizations is the types of individual expressions in a piece of code.
If pointers to two types that are permitted to alias each other are in
scope in the same block of code, the compiler can always simply not
perform optimizations that would fail if they did alias each other.
Alternatively, it could check the values of those pointers at run-time
to determine whether they alias each other, and executed an optimized
version of the code only if they don't.
They could also, in some cases, perform a compile-time check to confirm
that it's not possible for them to alias each other. To do this in the
general case could be arbitrarily hard. as implied by your question (I'm
sure it can be proven equivalent to the halting problem). However,
compilers are not obligated to perform such analysis, and in real world
compilers they only perform such analysis when it's easy.

> Consider this example (as simple I as I can make it):
> 
> /* assuming sizeof(int) = 4 and sizeof(short)=2 */
> void  *vP = malloc( sizeof( int ) );
> int   *iP = vP;
> short *sP = vP;
> 
> *iP  = 5; /* Q1: the effective type of the whole region becomes int? */

No. Only *iP is written to, so only *iP acquires the effective type of
"int";

> sP++;
> *sP = 12;
> /* Q2: effective type of the latter half of the region in short?   */

Correct. Every write to a piece of dynamically allocated memory can give
it a new, and possibly different, effective type.

> /* Q3: what about the effective type of the first half, still int? */

Assuming that sizeof(short) < sizeof(int) (which need not be true), then
the answer is "No". The effective type applies to the entire "int"
object. Any write that gives any part of that object a new effective
type erases the original effective type.

Thread

Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-17 14:38 +0300
  Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-17 17:37 +0300
    Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-17 21:01 +0000
      Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-18 00:43 +0300
        Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-18 01:20 +0300
          Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-11-17 18:12 -0500
            Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-18 02:32 +0300
              Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-11-17 18:59 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-18 12:40 +0300
        Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-18 02:14 +0000
          Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-18 13:23 +0300
            Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-18 11:28 +0000
              Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-18 15:31 +0300
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-18 15:03 +0000
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-18 23:00 +0300
      Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-18 00:49 +0300
  Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Malcolm McLean <malcolm.arthur.mclean@gmail.com> - 2018-11-17 06:52 -0800
    Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Ian Collins <ian-news@hotmail.com> - 2018-11-18 09:18 +1300
      Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2018-11-17 13:49 -0800
        Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Malcolm McLean <malcolm.arthur.mclean@gmail.com> - 2018-11-17 13:57 -0800
          Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Ian Collins <ian-news@hotmail.com> - 2018-11-18 11:08 +1300
            Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-18 01:13 +0300
              Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2018-11-17 18:37 -0800
        Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Philipp Klaus Krause <pkk@spth.de> - 2018-11-18 14:14 +0100
  Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-11-17 10:05 -0500
    Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-18 01:08 +0300
      Re: Pointer conversion and alignment "Chris M. Thomasson" <invalid_chris_thomasson@invalid.invalid> - 2018-11-17 14:31 -0800
        Re: Pointer conversion and alignment "Chris M. Thomasson" <invalid_chris_thomasson@invalid.invalid> - 2018-11-17 16:10 -0800
          Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-18 15:01 +0300
            Re: Pointer conversion and alignment James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-11-18 07:25 -0500
              Re: Pointer conversion and alignment "Chris M. Thomasson" <invalid_chris_thomasson@invalid.invalid> - 2018-11-19 21:30 -0800
            Re: Pointer conversion and alignment "Chris M. Thomasson" <invalid_chris_thomasson@invalid.invalid> - 2018-11-20 14:20 -0800
      Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-11-17 18:04 -0500
      Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Philipp Klaus Krause <pkk@spth.de> - 2018-11-18 14:18 +0100
      Re: Pointer conversion and alignment scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2018-11-18 19:49 +0000
    Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-11-23 18:27 -0800
      Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-11-23 21:59 -0500
        Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-11-24 00:32 -0800
          Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-11-24 08:17 -0500
            Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-11-29 09:55 -0800
              Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-11-29 21:48 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-12-05 04:14 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-12-05 08:14 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Malcolm McLean <malcolm.arthur.mclean@gmail.com> - 2018-12-05 05:29 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2018-12-05 14:44 +0100
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-12-05 21:58 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-12-05 16:38 +0300
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2018-12-05 14:23 +0000
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2018-12-05 14:35 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-12-08 19:28 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-12-09 08:18 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-12-09 14:35 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2018-12-09 14:04 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-12-09 20:40 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-12-17 07:18 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2018-12-17 12:35 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-12-17 12:48 -0800
      Re: Pointer conversion and alignment "Chris M. Thomasson" <invalid_chris_thomasson@invalid.invalid> - 2018-11-24 18:33 -0800
  My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-19 02:26 +0300
    Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-19 11:08 +0000
      Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-11-19 15:37 +0300
        Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-11-19 15:39 +0300
          Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-19 15:07 +0000
            Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-19 22:24 +0300
              Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-19 12:33 -0800
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-20 00:34 +0300
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-19 14:38 -0800
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-20 00:43 +0000
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-11-19 21:44 -0500
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] jadill33@gmail.com - 2018-11-20 07:11 -0800
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] bart4858@gmail.com - 2018-11-20 10:02 -0800
              Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-19 22:20 +0000
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-11-20 14:01 +0300
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Melzzzzz <Melzzzzz@zzzzz.com> - 2018-11-20 11:07 +0000
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-11-20 15:12 +0300
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-11-20 08:15 -0500
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-20 23:08 +0300
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-20 14:13 -0800
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-11-21 16:38 +0300
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-11-21 09:05 -0500
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-11-21 20:28 +0300
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-21 12:58 -0800
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-22 01:47 +0300
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-21 15:50 -0800
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-24 19:37 +0300
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-21 21:22 +0000
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-21 01:15 +0000
        Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-19 15:06 +0000
        Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] mark.bluemel@gmail.com - 2018-11-19 08:05 -0800
          Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2018-11-19 16:49 +0000
        Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-19 10:35 -0800
          Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-20 00:45 +0300
            Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-19 14:24 -0800
              Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-11-20 15:05 +0300
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-11-20 08:31 -0500
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-11-20 20:02 -0500
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-21 22:47 +0300
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-21 13:08 -0800
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-22 00:31 +0300
                Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-21 21:36 +0000
      Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-11-19 16:04 +0300
        Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-19 14:56 +0000
    Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-24 19:24 +0300
      Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-24 21:31 +0000
        Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-24 21:46 +0000
        Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-25 01:12 +0300
          Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2018-11-25 01:39 +0000
            Re: My dynamic arrays module [was:Re: Pointer conversion and alignment] Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-25 14:19 +0300
  Re: Pointer conversion and alignment jadill33@gmail.com - 2018-11-19 08:44 -0800
    Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-20 00:02 +0300
      Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2018-11-19 13:51 -0800
        Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-20 01:08 +0300
          Re: Pointer conversion and alignment jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-19 14:31 -0800
            Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-11-20 15:21 +0300
              Re: Pointer conversion and alignment James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-11-20 08:59 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2018-11-20 11:06 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-20 12:43 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2018-11-20 14:33 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-11-21 14:33 +0300
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-11-21 07:49 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2018-11-21 12:42 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-11-21 08:41 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-25 15:06 +0300
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2018-11-25 10:47 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@g{oogle}mail.com> - 2018-11-26 12:42 +0300
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Malcolm McLean <malcolm.arthur.mclean@gmail.com> - 2018-11-26 03:07 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2018-11-26 12:56 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2018-11-26 18:17 -0500
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-26 09:06 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-26 23:52 +0300
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-26 13:13 -0800
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment Anton Shepelev <anton.txt@gmail.com> - 2018-11-27 00:31 +0300
                Re: Pointer conversion and alignment jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu - 2018-11-26 14:15 -0800
      Re: Pointer conversion and alignment jadill33@gmail.com - 2018-11-19 14:33 -0800

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