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Groups > sci.logic > #344098 > unrolled thread

The Halting Problem asks for too much

Started byolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
First post2026-01-06 22:44 -0600
Last post2026-01-09 09:47 -0600
Articles 20 on this page of 211 — 8 participants

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Contents

  The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-06 22:44 -0600
    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-07 13:49 +0200
      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-07 05:54 -0600
        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-08 12:22 +0200
          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-08 08:22 -0600
            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-09 11:59 +0200
              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-09 09:52 -0600
                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-10 10:23 +0200
                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 09:47 -0600
                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 18:19 -0500
                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 18:13 -0600
                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 19:35 -0500
                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 18:52 -0600
                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 21:03 -0500
                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 20:22 -0600
                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 21:34 -0500
                                  Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 21:24 -0600
                                    Re: Computation and Undecidability Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 22:32 -0500
                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-11 07:09 +0000
                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-11 12:13 +0200
                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-11 08:18 -0600
                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-12 12:44 +0200
                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-12 08:29 -0600
                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-12 22:19 -0500
                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-14 19:25 -0600
                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-14 22:51 -0500
                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-15 15:57 +0000
                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-15 10:54 -0600
                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-15 11:34 -0600
                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-15 22:27 -0500
                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-15 22:03 -0600
                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-16 11:46 -0500
                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-31 01:47 +0000
                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-30 20:10 -0600
                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-13 11:11 +0200
                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-13 08:27 -0600
                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-14 09:40 +0200
                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-14 11:28 -0600
                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-15 11:48 +0200
                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-15 15:04 +0000
                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-17 12:00 +0200
                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-15 17:38 -0600
                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-16 11:17 +0200
                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-16 08:12 -0600
                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-16 11:48 -0500
                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-16 09:12 -0600
                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-16 11:53 -0500
                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-16 12:08 -0500
                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-17 12:25 +0200
                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-13 08:34 -0600
                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-13 18:23 +0000
                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-13 12:50 -0600
                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-14 14:52 +0000
                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-14 10:24 -0600
                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-14 10:53 +0200
                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-14 14:55 +0000
                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-15 11:26 +0200
                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-14 10:39 +0200
                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-12 08:32 -0600
                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-12 22:20 -0500
                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-13 11:13 +0200
                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-13 08:31 -0600
                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-14 11:01 +0200
                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-14 13:32 -0600
                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-15 11:34 +0200
                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-15 14:30 -0600
                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-16 11:32 +0200
                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-16 09:38 -0600
                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-17 11:53 +0200
                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-17 08:47 -0600
                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-17 22:21 +0000
                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-18 13:27 +0200
                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-18 07:28 -0600
                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-18 12:55 -0500
                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-19 10:19 +0200
                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-19 15:00 +0000
                                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-20 11:48 +0200
                                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-21 13:46 +0000
                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-22 10:30 +0200
                                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-22 12:40 +0000
                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-23 11:31 +0200
                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-19 09:03 -0600
                                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-20 11:58 +0200
                                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-20 12:35 -0600
                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-21 11:03 +0200
                                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-21 09:22 -0600
                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-22 10:21 +0200
                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-22 10:40 -0600
                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-23 11:13 +0200
                                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-23 04:22 -0600
                                                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-24 10:20 +0200
                                                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-24 08:01 -0600
                                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-25 13:19 +0200
                                                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-25 07:24 -0600
                                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-25 13:27 -0500
                                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-25 12:33 -0600
                                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-25 13:40 -0500
                                                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-25 13:10 -0600
                                                                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-25 14:57 -0500
                                                                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-25 14:09 -0600
                                                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-25 15:47 -0500
                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-22 10:47 -0600
                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-24 10:23 +0200
                                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-24 08:18 -0600
                                                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-25 13:24 +0200
                                                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-25 07:30 -0600
                                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-25 13:31 -0500
                                                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-25 13:05 -0600
                                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-25 14:59 -0500
                                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-25 14:21 -0600
                                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-25 15:54 -0500
                                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-26 14:55 +0200
                                                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-26 09:22 -0600
                                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-26 11:45 -0500
                                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-26 10:58 -0600
                                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-26 12:13 -0500
                                                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-26 11:28 -0600
                                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-27 10:17 +0200
                                                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-27 09:32 -0600
                                                                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-28 11:54 +0200
                                                                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-28 07:49 -0600
                                                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-29 11:12 +0200
                                                                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-29 07:57 -0600
                                                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-30 11:34 +0200
                                                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-30 08:35 -0600
                                                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-31 10:41 +0200
                                                                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-31 09:23 -0600
                                                                                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-02-01 12:28 +0200
                                                                                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-02-01 09:18 -0600
                                                                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-02-02 09:39 +0200
                                                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-31 10:56 +0200
                                                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-31 09:26 -0600
                                                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-02-01 12:17 +0200
                                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-27 10:15 +0200
                                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-27 09:29 -0600
                                                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-28 11:45 +0200
                                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-27 10:05 +0200
                                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-27 08:48 -0600
                                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-28 11:40 +0200
                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-24 09:51 -0500
                                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-24 09:44 -0600
                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-24 12:10 -0500
                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-24 11:54 -0600
                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-24 14:23 -0500
                                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-24 13:25 -0600
                                                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-24 14:52 -0500
                                                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-24 14:38 -0600
                                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-24 17:25 -0500
                                                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-24 16:31 -0600
                                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-24 19:52 -0500
                                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-24 19:44 -0600
                                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-25 13:36 -0500
                                                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-25 13:09 -0600
                                                                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-25 14:54 -0500
                                                                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-25 14:07 -0600
                                                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-25 15:44 -0500
                                                                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-25 20:31 -0600
                                                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-26 11:49 -0500
                                                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-26 11:23 -0600
                                                                                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-26 13:24 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-26 12:43 -0600
                                                                                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-26 16:58 -0500
                                                                                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-26 16:08 -0600
                                                                                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-26 17:36 -0500
                                                                                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-26 16:44 -0600
                                                                                                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-26 21:51 -0500
                                                                                                              "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language" olcott <NoOne@NoWhere.com> - 2026-01-26 21:28 -0600
                                                                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much dart200 <user7160@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-01-24 18:28 -0800
                                                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-29 04:39 +0000
                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-11 12:22 +0200
                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-11 08:23 -0600
                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-12 12:51 +0200
                          Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-12 08:43 -0600
                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2026-01-12 22:22 -0500
                            Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-13 10:46 +0200
                              Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-13 08:17 -0600
                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-13 14:31 +0000
                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-14 09:58 +0200
                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-14 13:14 -0600
                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-14 13:19 -0600
                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-15 11:38 +0200
                                Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-14 11:04 +0200
                                  Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-14 13:35 -0600
                                    Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-15 11:21 +0200
                                      Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-15 14:52 +0000
                                        Re: The Halting Problem asks for too much Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-01-16 11:21 +0200
                  Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 17:19 -0600
                    Re: Computation and Undecidability Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 19:35 -0500
                      Re: Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 19:03 -0600
                        Re: Computation and Undecidability Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 21:03 -0500
                          Re: Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 20:20 -0600
                            Re: Computation and Undecidability Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 21:33 -0500
                              Re: Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 21:18 -0600
                                Re: Computation and Undecidability Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 22:30 -0500
                      Re: Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 19:05 -0600
                        Re: Computation and Undecidability Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 21:03 -0500
                          Re: Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 20:09 -0600
                            Re: Computation and Undecidability Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 21:33 -0500
                              Re: Computation and Undecidability polcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 20:52 -0600
                                Re: Computation and Undecidability Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 22:28 -0500
                              Re: Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 21:16 -0600
                                Re: Computation and Undecidability Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-10 22:28 -0500
                                  Re: Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-10 21:34 -0600
                                    Re: Computation and Undecidability Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-11 06:31 -0500
                                      Re: Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-11 08:03 -0600
                                      Re: Computation and Undecidability Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-11 14:39 +0000
                                        Re: Computation and Undecidability Richard Damon <news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net> - 2026-01-11 12:52 -0500
                                        Re: Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-11 12:12 -0600
                                          Re: Computation and Undecidability Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-01-11 21:28 +0000
                                            Re: Computation and Undecidability olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-11 15:50 -0600
          Haskell Curry Foundations of Mathematical Logic sense of true in the system olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-01-09 09:47 -0600

Page 5 of 11 — ← Prev page 1 … 3 4 [5] 6 7 … 11  Next page →


#344474

FromMikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi>
Date2026-01-23 11:31 +0200
Message-ID<10kvf5k$3p3q5$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344445
On 22/01/2026 14:40, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
> On 22/01/2026 08:30, Mikko wrote:
> 
>> I don't any web site that I could trust to meet your
>> requirement.However, as far as I know, all authors agree about its meaning
>> for ordinary logic.
> 
> Essentially boolean, with undefinedness when either argument is
> undefined and no notion that it's true when exactly one argument "has no
> content" and no notion that it has no content when both arguments have none?

Boole used different symbols. the symbol ∨ is from Principia Mathematica
by Russell and Whitehead. In any ordinary formal logic every one can
from A always infer A ∨ B with any B.

Some formulations of logic do not use ∨ as a primitive symbol. In these
formulations it can be defined in terms of primitive symbols, e.g. as
¬A → B.

-- 
Mikko

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#344387

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-01-19 09:03 -0600
Message-ID<10klh4e$ecm9$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344380
On 1/19/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
> On 18/01/2026 15:28, olcott wrote:
>> On 1/18/2026 5:27 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>> On 17/01/2026 16:47, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 1/17/2026 3:53 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>> On 16/01/2026 17:38, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 1/16/2026 3:32 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>> On 15/01/2026 22:30, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 1/15/2026 3:34 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 14/01/2026 21:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 1/14/2026 3:01 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 13/01/2026 16:31, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/13/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 12/01/2026 16:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/12/2026 4:47 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 16:24, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 10:13, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 10/01/2026 17:47, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/10/2026 2:23 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> No, that does not follow. If a required result cannot 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> be derived by
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> appying a finite string transformation then the it it 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is uncomputable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right. Outside the scope of computation. Requiring 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> anything
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> outside the scope of computation is an incorrect 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You can't determine whether the required result is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computable before
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> you have the requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right, it is /in/ scope for computer science... for 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the / ology/. Olcott
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> here uses "computation" to refer to the practice. You 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> give the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement to the /ologist/ who correctly decides that 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> it is not for
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computation because it is not computable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You two so often violently agree; I find it warming to 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the heart. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> For pracitcal programming it is useful to know what is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> known to be
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> uncomputable in order to avoid wasting time in attemlpts 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> to do the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossible.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It f-cking nuts that after more than 2000 years
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> people still don't understand that self-contradictory
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> expressions: "This sentence is not true" have no
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> truth value. A smart high school student should have
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> figured this out 2000 years ago.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Irrelevant. For practical programming that question needn't 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> be answered.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> The halting problem counter-example input is anchored
>>>>>>>>>>>> in the Liar Paradox. Proof Theoretic Semantics rejects
>>>>>>>>>>>> those two and Gödel's incompleteness and a bunch more
>>>>>>>>>>>> as merely non-well-founded inputs.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> For every Turing machine the halting problem counter-example 
>>>>>>>>>>> provably
>>>>>>>>>>> exists.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Not when using Proof Theoretic Semantics grounded
>>>>>>>>>> in the specification language. In this case the
>>>>>>>>>> pathological input is simply rejected as ungrounded.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Then your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" is not useful for 
>>>>>>>>> discussion of
>>>>>>>>> Turing machines. For every Turing machine a counter example 
>>>>>>>>> exists.
>>>>>>>>> And so exists a Turing machine that writes the counter example 
>>>>>>>>> when
>>>>>>>>> given a Turing machine as input.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> It is "not useful" in the same way that ZFC was
>>>>>>>> "not useful" for addressing Russell's Paradox.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ZF or ZFC is to some extent useful for addressing Russell's paradox.
>>>>>>> It is an example of a set theory where Russell's paradox is avoided.
>>>>>>> If your "Proof Theretic Semantics" cannot handle the existence of
>>>>>>> a counter example for every Turing decider then it is not usefule
>>>>>>> for those who work on practical problems of program correctness.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Proof theoretic semantics addresses Gödel Incompleteness
>>>>>> for PA in a way similar to the way that ZFC addresses
>>>>>> Russell's Paradox in set theory.
>>>>>
>>>>> Not really the same way. Your "Proof theoretic semantics" redefines
>>>>> truth and replaces the logic. ZFC is another theory using ordinary
>>>>> logic. The problem with the naive set theory is that it is not
>>>>> sound for any semantics.
>>>>
>>>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise.
>>>
>>> No, it does not. It is just another exammle of the generic concept
>>> of set theory. Essentially the same as ZF but has one additional
>>> postulate.
>>
>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise
>> and the original set theory is now referred to as naive set theory.
> 
> ZF and ZFC are not redefinitions. ZF is another theory. It can be
> called a "set theory" because its structure is similar to Cnator's
> original informal set theory. Cantor did not specify whther a set
> must be well-founded but ZF specifies that it must. A set theory
> were all sets are well-founded does not have Russell's paradox.
> 

ZF is a redefinition in the only sense that matters:
it changes the foundational rules so that Russell’s
paradox cannot arise.

Naive set theory allowed unrestricted comprehension;
ZF restricts it and adds Foundation. That’s exactly
the same structural move I’m making.

Classical semantics treats every formula as a
truth‑bearer and gets Gödel’s paradox. Proof‑theoretic
semantics restricts truth‑bearers to what PA can classify
and the paradox disappears.

Calling ZF “another theory” instead of a “redefinition”
doesn’t change the fact that it avoids the paradox by
changing the foundations.

>>>> Proof theoretic semantics redefines formal systems such that
>>>> Incompleteness cannot arise. Gödel did not do this himself because
>>>> Proof theoretic semantics did not exist at the time.
>>>
>>> Gödel did not do that because his topic was Peano arithmetic and its
>>> extensions, and more generally ordinary logic.
>>>
>>> Can you can you prove anyting analogous to Gödel's completeness
>>> theorem for your "Proof theoretic semantics"?
> 
> Note that the question is not answered (or otherwise addressed) below.
> 

No, there is no model‑theoretic completeness theorem here,
because there is no model‑theoretic semantics.

The proof‑theoretic analogue is built into the framework:
all valid inferences are derivable by definition.

>> Gödel’s incompleteness arises only because
>> “true in PA” was never an internal notion
>> of PA at all, but a meta‑mathematical notion
>> of truth about PA defined externally through
>> models;
> 
> You have proven neither "only" nor "because".
> 

Gödel’s “true but unprovable” reading of incompleteness
depends on a meta‑mathematical notion of truth about PA,
defined externally via models. If we instead define truth
in PA proof‑theoretically—as provability—then that specific
incompleteness phenomenon does not arise.

>> Once truth is defined internally—by extending
>> PA with a truth predicate so that “true in PA”
>> simply means “derivable from PA’s axioms”—
>> the supposed gap between truth and provability
>> disappears
> 
> But the syntactic incompleteness is still there. Both G and ¬G are
> well-formed formulas of Peano arithmetic but neither is provable.
> The well-formed formula G ∨ ¬G is provable, and so is G → G.

Yes, syntactic incompleteness remains: there are well‑formed
formulas PA neither proves nor refutes. But Gödel’s semantic
incompleteness—the claim that there are true but unprovable
sentences—depends on an external notion of truth that PA does
not contain.

Once truth in PA is defined internally as provability, G
and ¬G are simply not truth‑bearers. The syntactic fact that
they are unprovable does not create a semantic gap, because
“true in PA” no longer means “true in an external model.”

>> With that disappearance PA no longer counts as
>> incomplete, because the statements Gödel identified
>> as “true but unprovable” were never internal truths
>> of PA in the first place, only truths assigned from
>> the outside by the meta‑system.
> 
> It still is syntactically incomplete.
> 

Yes, PA is syntactically incomplete — that’s just the
fact that some formulas are undecided.

But Gödel’s semantic incompleteness, the claim of
“true but unprovable,” depends on an external notion
of truth that PA does not contain.

Once truth in PA is defined internally as provability,
the semantic gap disappears. What remains is only
syntactic incompleteness, which is not the Gödel
phenomenon I’m rejecting.

Thus semantically, G simply becomes not a truth‑bearer
in PA.


-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
reliably computable.<br><br>

This required establishing a new foundation<br>

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#344405

FromMikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi>
Date2026-01-20 11:58 +0200
Message-ID<10knjks$1426t$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344387
On 19/01/2026 17:03, olcott wrote:
> On 1/19/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>> On 18/01/2026 15:28, olcott wrote:
>>> On 1/18/2026 5:27 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>> On 17/01/2026 16:47, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 1/17/2026 3:53 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>> On 16/01/2026 17:38, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 1/16/2026 3:32 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 15/01/2026 22:30, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 1/15/2026 3:34 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 14/01/2026 21:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/14/2026 3:01 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 13/01/2026 16:31, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/13/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 12/01/2026 16:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/12/2026 4:47 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 16:24, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 10:13, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 10/01/2026 17:47, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/10/2026 2:23 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> No, that does not follow. If a required result 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> cannot be derived by
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> appying a finite string transformation then the it 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> it is uncomputable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right. Outside the scope of computation. Requiring 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> anything
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> outside the scope of computation is an incorrect 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You can't determine whether the required result is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computable before
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> you have the requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right, it is /in/ scope for computer science... for 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the / ology/. Olcott
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> here uses "computation" to refer to the practice. You 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> give the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement to the /ologist/ who correctly decides that 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> it is not for
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computation because it is not computable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You two so often violently agree; I find it warming to 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the heart. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> For pracitcal programming it is useful to know what is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> known to be
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> uncomputable in order to avoid wasting time in attemlpts 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> to do the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossible.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It f-cking nuts that after more than 2000 years
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> people still don't understand that self-contradictory
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> expressions: "This sentence is not true" have no
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> truth value. A smart high school student should have
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> figured this out 2000 years ago.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Irrelevant. For practical programming that question 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> needn't be answered.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> The halting problem counter-example input is anchored
>>>>>>>>>>>>> in the Liar Paradox. Proof Theoretic Semantics rejects
>>>>>>>>>>>>> those two and Gödel's incompleteness and a bunch more
>>>>>>>>>>>>> as merely non-well-founded inputs.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> For every Turing machine the halting problem counter-example 
>>>>>>>>>>>> provably
>>>>>>>>>>>> exists.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Not when using Proof Theoretic Semantics grounded
>>>>>>>>>>> in the specification language. In this case the
>>>>>>>>>>> pathological input is simply rejected as ungrounded.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Then your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" is not useful for 
>>>>>>>>>> discussion of
>>>>>>>>>> Turing machines. For every Turing machine a counter example 
>>>>>>>>>> exists.
>>>>>>>>>> And so exists a Turing machine that writes the counter example 
>>>>>>>>>> when
>>>>>>>>>> given a Turing machine as input.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> It is "not useful" in the same way that ZFC was
>>>>>>>>> "not useful" for addressing Russell's Paradox.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> ZF or ZFC is to some extent useful for addressing Russell's 
>>>>>>>> paradox.
>>>>>>>> It is an example of a set theory where Russell's paradox is 
>>>>>>>> avoided.
>>>>>>>> If your "Proof Theretic Semantics" cannot handle the existence of
>>>>>>>> a counter example for every Turing decider then it is not usefule
>>>>>>>> for those who work on practical problems of program correctness.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Proof theoretic semantics addresses Gödel Incompleteness
>>>>>>> for PA in a way similar to the way that ZFC addresses
>>>>>>> Russell's Paradox in set theory.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Not really the same way. Your "Proof theoretic semantics" redefines
>>>>>> truth and replaces the logic. ZFC is another theory using ordinary
>>>>>> logic. The problem with the naive set theory is that it is not
>>>>>> sound for any semantics.
>>>>>
>>>>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise.
>>>>
>>>> No, it does not. It is just another exammle of the generic concept
>>>> of set theory. Essentially the same as ZF but has one additional
>>>> postulate.
>>>
>>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise
>>> and the original set theory is now referred to as naive set theory.
>>
>> ZF and ZFC are not redefinitions. ZF is another theory. It can be
>> called a "set theory" because its structure is similar to Cnator's
>> original informal set theory. Cantor did not specify whther a set
>> must be well-founded but ZF specifies that it must. A set theory
>> were all sets are well-founded does not have Russell's paradox.
> 
> ZF is a redefinition in the only sense that matters:
> it changes the foundational rules so that Russell’s
> paradox cannot arise.

The only sense that matters is: to give a new meaning to an exsisting
term. That is OK when the new meaning is only used in a context where
the old one does not make sense.

What you are trying is to give a new meaning to "true" but preted that
it still means 'true'.

-- 
Mikko

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#344408

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-01-20 12:35 -0600
Message-ID<10kohu3$1f51g$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344405
On 1/20/2026 3:58 AM, Mikko wrote:
> On 19/01/2026 17:03, olcott wrote:
>> On 1/19/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>> On 18/01/2026 15:28, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 1/18/2026 5:27 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>> On 17/01/2026 16:47, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 1/17/2026 3:53 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>> On 16/01/2026 17:38, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 1/16/2026 3:32 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 15/01/2026 22:30, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 1/15/2026 3:34 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 14/01/2026 21:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/14/2026 3:01 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 13/01/2026 16:31, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/13/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 12/01/2026 16:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/12/2026 4:47 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 16:24, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 10:13, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 10/01/2026 17:47, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/10/2026 2:23 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> No, that does not follow. If a required result 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> cannot be derived by
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> appying a finite string transformation then the it 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> it is uncomputable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right. Outside the scope of computation. Requiring 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> anything
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> outside the scope of computation is an incorrect 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You can't determine whether the required result is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computable before
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> you have the requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right, it is /in/ scope for computer science... for 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the / ology/. Olcott
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> here uses "computation" to refer to the practice. You 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> give the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement to the /ologist/ who correctly decides 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> that it is not for
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computation because it is not computable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You two so often violently agree; I find it warming to 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the heart. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> For pracitcal programming it is useful to know what is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> known to be
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> uncomputable in order to avoid wasting time in 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> attemlpts to do the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossible.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It f-cking nuts that after more than 2000 years
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> people still don't understand that self-contradictory
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> expressions: "This sentence is not true" have no
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> truth value. A smart high school student should have
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> figured this out 2000 years ago.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Irrelevant. For practical programming that question 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> needn't be answered.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The halting problem counter-example input is anchored
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in the Liar Paradox. Proof Theoretic Semantics rejects
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> those two and Gödel's incompleteness and a bunch more
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> as merely non-well-founded inputs.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> For every Turing machine the halting problem counter- 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> example provably
>>>>>>>>>>>>> exists.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Not when using Proof Theoretic Semantics grounded
>>>>>>>>>>>> in the specification language. In this case the
>>>>>>>>>>>> pathological input is simply rejected as ungrounded.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Then your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" is not useful for 
>>>>>>>>>>> discussion of
>>>>>>>>>>> Turing machines. For every Turing machine a counter example 
>>>>>>>>>>> exists.
>>>>>>>>>>> And so exists a Turing machine that writes the counter 
>>>>>>>>>>> example when
>>>>>>>>>>> given a Turing machine as input.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> It is "not useful" in the same way that ZFC was
>>>>>>>>>> "not useful" for addressing Russell's Paradox.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> ZF or ZFC is to some extent useful for addressing Russell's 
>>>>>>>>> paradox.
>>>>>>>>> It is an example of a set theory where Russell's paradox is 
>>>>>>>>> avoided.
>>>>>>>>> If your "Proof Theretic Semantics" cannot handle the existence of
>>>>>>>>> a counter example for every Turing decider then it is not usefule
>>>>>>>>> for those who work on practical problems of program correctness.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Proof theoretic semantics addresses Gödel Incompleteness
>>>>>>>> for PA in a way similar to the way that ZFC addresses
>>>>>>>> Russell's Paradox in set theory.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Not really the same way. Your "Proof theoretic semantics" redefines
>>>>>>> truth and replaces the logic. ZFC is another theory using ordinary
>>>>>>> logic. The problem with the naive set theory is that it is not
>>>>>>> sound for any semantics.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise.
>>>>>
>>>>> No, it does not. It is just another exammle of the generic concept
>>>>> of set theory. Essentially the same as ZF but has one additional
>>>>> postulate.
>>>>
>>>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise
>>>> and the original set theory is now referred to as naive set theory.
>>>
>>> ZF and ZFC are not redefinitions. ZF is another theory. It can be
>>> called a "set theory" because its structure is similar to Cnator's
>>> original informal set theory. Cantor did not specify whther a set
>>> must be well-founded but ZF specifies that it must. A set theory
>>> were all sets are well-founded does not have Russell's paradox.
>>
>> ZF is a redefinition in the only sense that matters:
>> it changes the foundational rules so that Russell’s
>> paradox cannot arise.
> 
> The only sense that matters is: to give a new meaning to an exsisting
> term. That is OK when the new meaning is only used in a context where
> the old one does not make sense.
> 
> What you are trying is to give a new meaning to "true" but preted that
> it still means 'true'.
> 

True in the standard model of arithmetic using meta-math
has always been misconstrued as true <in> arithmetic
only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
not exist.

No one ever understood how a truth predicate could be
directly added to PA. Now with Proof theoretic semantics
and the Haskell Curry notion of true in the system it
is easy to directly define a truth predicate <is> PA.

Truth in the standard model is meta‑mathematical.
Truth in PA is proof‑theoretic. These were historically
conflated only because proof‑theoretic semantics did not
exist. With Curry’s notion of internal truth, PA’s truth
predicate is simply:

∀x ∈ PA ((True(PA, x)  ≡ (PA ⊢ x))
∀x ∈ PA ((False(PA, x) ≡ (PA ⊢ ~x))


-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
reliably computable.<br><br>

This required establishing a new foundation<br>

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#344423

FromMikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi>
Date2026-01-21 11:03 +0200
Message-ID<10kq4p9$1vmg3$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344408
On 20/01/2026 20:35, olcott wrote:
> On 1/20/2026 3:58 AM, Mikko wrote:
>> On 19/01/2026 17:03, olcott wrote:
>>> On 1/19/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>> On 18/01/2026 15:28, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 1/18/2026 5:27 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>> On 17/01/2026 16:47, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 1/17/2026 3:53 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 16/01/2026 17:38, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 1/16/2026 3:32 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 15/01/2026 22:30, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/15/2026 3:34 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 14/01/2026 21:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/14/2026 3:01 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 13/01/2026 16:31, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/13/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 12/01/2026 16:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/12/2026 4:47 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 16:24, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 10:13, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 10/01/2026 17:47, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/10/2026 2:23 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> No, that does not follow. If a required result 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> cannot be derived by
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> appying a finite string transformation then the it 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> it is uncomputable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right. Outside the scope of computation. Requiring 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> anything
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> outside the scope of computation is an incorrect 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You can't determine whether the required result is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computable before
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> you have the requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right, it is /in/ scope for computer science... for 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the / ology/. Olcott
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> here uses "computation" to refer to the practice. You 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> give the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement to the /ologist/ who correctly decides 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> that it is not for
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computation because it is not computable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You two so often violently agree; I find it warming 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> to the heart. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> For pracitcal programming it is useful to know what is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> known to be
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> uncomputable in order to avoid wasting time in 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> attemlpts to do the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossible.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It f-cking nuts that after more than 2000 years
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> people still don't understand that self-contradictory
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> expressions: "This sentence is not true" have no
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> truth value. A smart high school student should have
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> figured this out 2000 years ago.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Irrelevant. For practical programming that question 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> needn't be answered.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The halting problem counter-example input is anchored
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in the Liar Paradox. Proof Theoretic Semantics rejects
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> those two and Gödel's incompleteness and a bunch more
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> as merely non-well-founded inputs.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> For every Turing machine the halting problem counter- 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> example provably
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> exists.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Not when using Proof Theoretic Semantics grounded
>>>>>>>>>>>>> in the specification language. In this case the
>>>>>>>>>>>>> pathological input is simply rejected as ungrounded.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Then your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" is not useful for 
>>>>>>>>>>>> discussion of
>>>>>>>>>>>> Turing machines. For every Turing machine a counter example 
>>>>>>>>>>>> exists.
>>>>>>>>>>>> And so exists a Turing machine that writes the counter 
>>>>>>>>>>>> example when
>>>>>>>>>>>> given a Turing machine as input.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> It is "not useful" in the same way that ZFC was
>>>>>>>>>>> "not useful" for addressing Russell's Paradox.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> ZF or ZFC is to some extent useful for addressing Russell's 
>>>>>>>>>> paradox.
>>>>>>>>>> It is an example of a set theory where Russell's paradox is 
>>>>>>>>>> avoided.
>>>>>>>>>> If your "Proof Theretic Semantics" cannot handle the existence of
>>>>>>>>>> a counter example for every Turing decider then it is not usefule
>>>>>>>>>> for those who work on practical problems of program correctness.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Proof theoretic semantics addresses Gödel Incompleteness
>>>>>>>>> for PA in a way similar to the way that ZFC addresses
>>>>>>>>> Russell's Paradox in set theory.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Not really the same way. Your "Proof theoretic semantics" redefines
>>>>>>>> truth and replaces the logic. ZFC is another theory using ordinary
>>>>>>>> logic. The problem with the naive set theory is that it is not
>>>>>>>> sound for any semantics.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> No, it does not. It is just another exammle of the generic concept
>>>>>> of set theory. Essentially the same as ZF but has one additional
>>>>>> postulate.
>>>>>
>>>>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise
>>>>> and the original set theory is now referred to as naive set theory.
>>>>
>>>> ZF and ZFC are not redefinitions. ZF is another theory. It can be
>>>> called a "set theory" because its structure is similar to Cnator's
>>>> original informal set theory. Cantor did not specify whther a set
>>>> must be well-founded but ZF specifies that it must. A set theory
>>>> were all sets are well-founded does not have Russell's paradox.
>>>
>>> ZF is a redefinition in the only sense that matters:
>>> it changes the foundational rules so that Russell’s
>>> paradox cannot arise.
>>
>> The only sense that matters is: to give a new meaning to an exsisting
>> term. That is OK when the new meaning is only used in a context where
>> the old one does not make sense.
>>
>> What you are trying is to give a new meaning to "true" but preted that
>> it still means 'true'.
> 
> True in the standard model of arithmetic using meta-math
> has always been misconstrued as true <in> arithmetic

No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed nothing is
"ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory that
can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is false
in some model of the theory.

> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
> not exist.

Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.

-- 
Mikko

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#344428

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-01-21 09:22 -0600
Message-ID<10kqr0g$27agi$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344423
On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
> On 20/01/2026 20:35, olcott wrote:
>> On 1/20/2026 3:58 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>> On 19/01/2026 17:03, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 1/19/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>> On 18/01/2026 15:28, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 1/18/2026 5:27 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>> On 17/01/2026 16:47, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 1/17/2026 3:53 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 16/01/2026 17:38, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 1/16/2026 3:32 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 15/01/2026 22:30, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/15/2026 3:34 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 14/01/2026 21:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/14/2026 3:01 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 13/01/2026 16:31, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/13/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 12/01/2026 16:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/12/2026 4:47 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 16:24, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 10:13, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 10/01/2026 17:47, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/10/2026 2:23 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> No, that does not follow. If a required result 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> cannot be derived by
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> appying a finite string transformation then the 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> it it is uncomputable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right. Outside the scope of computation. Requiring 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> anything
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> outside the scope of computation is an incorrect 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You can't determine whether the required result is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computable before
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> you have the requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right, it is /in/ scope for computer science... for 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the / ology/. Olcott
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> here uses "computation" to refer to the practice. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You give the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement to the /ologist/ who correctly decides 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> that it is not for
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computation because it is not computable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You two so often violently agree; I find it warming 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> to the heart. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> For pracitcal programming it is useful to know what 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is known to be
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> uncomputable in order to avoid wasting time in 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> attemlpts to do the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossible.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It f-cking nuts that after more than 2000 years
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> people still don't understand that self-contradictory
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> expressions: "This sentence is not true" have no
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> truth value. A smart high school student should have
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> figured this out 2000 years ago.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Irrelevant. For practical programming that question 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> needn't be answered.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The halting problem counter-example input is anchored
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in the Liar Paradox. Proof Theoretic Semantics rejects
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> those two and Gödel's incompleteness and a bunch more
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> as merely non-well-founded inputs.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> For every Turing machine the halting problem counter- 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> example provably
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> exists.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Not when using Proof Theoretic Semantics grounded
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in the specification language. In this case the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> pathological input is simply rejected as ungrounded.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Then your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" is not useful for 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> discussion of
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Turing machines. For every Turing machine a counter example 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> exists.
>>>>>>>>>>>>> And so exists a Turing machine that writes the counter 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> example when
>>>>>>>>>>>>> given a Turing machine as input.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> It is "not useful" in the same way that ZFC was
>>>>>>>>>>>> "not useful" for addressing Russell's Paradox.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> ZF or ZFC is to some extent useful for addressing Russell's 
>>>>>>>>>>> paradox.
>>>>>>>>>>> It is an example of a set theory where Russell's paradox is 
>>>>>>>>>>> avoided.
>>>>>>>>>>> If your "Proof Theretic Semantics" cannot handle the 
>>>>>>>>>>> existence of
>>>>>>>>>>> a counter example for every Turing decider then it is not 
>>>>>>>>>>> usefule
>>>>>>>>>>> for those who work on practical problems of program correctness.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Proof theoretic semantics addresses Gödel Incompleteness
>>>>>>>>>> for PA in a way similar to the way that ZFC addresses
>>>>>>>>>> Russell's Paradox in set theory.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Not really the same way. Your "Proof theoretic semantics" 
>>>>>>>>> redefines
>>>>>>>>> truth and replaces the logic. ZFC is another theory using ordinary
>>>>>>>>> logic. The problem with the naive set theory is that it is not
>>>>>>>>> sound for any semantics.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> No, it does not. It is just another exammle of the generic concept
>>>>>>> of set theory. Essentially the same as ZF but has one additional
>>>>>>> postulate.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise
>>>>>> and the original set theory is now referred to as naive set theory.
>>>>>
>>>>> ZF and ZFC are not redefinitions. ZF is another theory. It can be
>>>>> called a "set theory" because its structure is similar to Cnator's
>>>>> original informal set theory. Cantor did not specify whther a set
>>>>> must be well-founded but ZF specifies that it must. A set theory
>>>>> were all sets are well-founded does not have Russell's paradox.
>>>>
>>>> ZF is a redefinition in the only sense that matters:
>>>> it changes the foundational rules so that Russell’s
>>>> paradox cannot arise.
>>>
>>> The only sense that matters is: to give a new meaning to an exsisting
>>> term. That is OK when the new meaning is only used in a context where
>>> the old one does not make sense.
>>>
>>> What you are trying is to give a new meaning to "true" but preted that
>>> it still means 'true'.
>>
>> True in the standard model of arithmetic using meta-math
>> has always been misconstrued as true <in> arithmetic
> 
> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed nothing is
> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory that
> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is false
> in some model of the theory.
> 
>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>> not exist.
> 
> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.
> 

Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
in the meta‑theory;

so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
“n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
and external model‑theoretic truth.

-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
reliably computable.<br><br>

This required establishing a new foundation<br>

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#344443

FromMikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi>
Date2026-01-22 10:21 +0200
Message-ID<10ksmlt$2rf95$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344428
On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>> On 20/01/2026 20:35, olcott wrote:
>>> On 1/20/2026 3:58 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>> On 19/01/2026 17:03, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 1/19/2026 2:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>> On 18/01/2026 15:28, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 1/18/2026 5:27 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 17/01/2026 16:47, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 1/17/2026 3:53 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 16/01/2026 17:38, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/16/2026 3:32 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 15/01/2026 22:30, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/15/2026 3:34 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 14/01/2026 21:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/14/2026 3:01 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 13/01/2026 16:31, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/13/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 12/01/2026 16:32, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/12/2026 4:47 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 16:24, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 11/01/2026 10:13, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 10/01/2026 17:47, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/10/2026 2:23 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> No, that does not follow. If a required result 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> cannot be derived by
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> appying a finite string transformation then the 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> it it is uncomputable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right. Outside the scope of computation. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Requiring anything
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> outside the scope of computation is an incorrect 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You can't determine whether the required result is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computable before
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> you have the requirement.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Right, it is /in/ scope for computer science... for 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the / ology/. Olcott
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> here uses "computation" to refer to the practice. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You give the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> requirement to the /ologist/ who correctly decides 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> that it is not for
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> computation because it is not computable.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You two so often violently agree; I find it warming 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> to the heart. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> For pracitcal programming it is useful to know what 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is known to be
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> uncomputable in order to avoid wasting time in 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> attemlpts to do the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossible.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It f-cking nuts that after more than 2000 years
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> people still don't understand that self-contradictory
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> expressions: "This sentence is not true" have no
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> truth value. A smart high school student should have
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> figured this out 2000 years ago.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Irrelevant. For practical programming that question 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> needn't be answered.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The halting problem counter-example input is anchored
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in the Liar Paradox. Proof Theoretic Semantics rejects
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> those two and Gödel's incompleteness and a bunch more
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> as merely non-well-founded inputs.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> For every Turing machine the halting problem counter- 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> example provably
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> exists.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Not when using Proof Theoretic Semantics grounded
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in the specification language. In this case the
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> pathological input is simply rejected as ungrounded.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Then your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" is not useful for 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> discussion of
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Turing machines. For every Turing machine a counter 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> example exists.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> And so exists a Turing machine that writes the counter 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> example when
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> given a Turing machine as input.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> It is "not useful" in the same way that ZFC was
>>>>>>>>>>>>> "not useful" for addressing Russell's Paradox.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> ZF or ZFC is to some extent useful for addressing Russell's 
>>>>>>>>>>>> paradox.
>>>>>>>>>>>> It is an example of a set theory where Russell's paradox is 
>>>>>>>>>>>> avoided.
>>>>>>>>>>>> If your "Proof Theretic Semantics" cannot handle the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> existence of
>>>>>>>>>>>> a counter example for every Turing decider then it is not 
>>>>>>>>>>>> usefule
>>>>>>>>>>>> for those who work on practical problems of program 
>>>>>>>>>>>> correctness.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Proof theoretic semantics addresses Gödel Incompleteness
>>>>>>>>>>> for PA in a way similar to the way that ZFC addresses
>>>>>>>>>>> Russell's Paradox in set theory.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Not really the same way. Your "Proof theoretic semantics" 
>>>>>>>>>> redefines
>>>>>>>>>> truth and replaces the logic. ZFC is another theory using 
>>>>>>>>>> ordinary
>>>>>>>>>> logic. The problem with the naive set theory is that it is not
>>>>>>>>>> sound for any semantics.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> No, it does not. It is just another exammle of the generic concept
>>>>>>>> of set theory. Essentially the same as ZF but has one additional
>>>>>>>> postulate.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ZFC redefines set theory such that Russell's Paradox cannot arise
>>>>>>> and the original set theory is now referred to as naive set theory.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ZF and ZFC are not redefinitions. ZF is another theory. It can be
>>>>>> called a "set theory" because its structure is similar to Cnator's
>>>>>> original informal set theory. Cantor did not specify whther a set
>>>>>> must be well-founded but ZF specifies that it must. A set theory
>>>>>> were all sets are well-founded does not have Russell's paradox.
>>>>>
>>>>> ZF is a redefinition in the only sense that matters:
>>>>> it changes the foundational rules so that Russell’s
>>>>> paradox cannot arise.
>>>>
>>>> The only sense that matters is: to give a new meaning to an exsisting
>>>> term. That is OK when the new meaning is only used in a context where
>>>> the old one does not make sense.
>>>>
>>>> What you are trying is to give a new meaning to "true" but preted that
>>>> it still means 'true'.
>>>
>>> True in the standard model of arithmetic using meta-math
>>> has always been misconstrued as true <in> arithmetic
>>
>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed nothing is
>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory that
>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is false
>> in some model of the theory.
>>
>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>> not exist.
>>
>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.
>>
> 
> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
> in the meta‑theory;

Methamathematics does not need any other relations between numbers
than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
can be useful for methamathematical purposes.

> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
> and external model‑theoretic truth.

Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You can deny
the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably impossible.

-- 
Mikko

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#344447

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-01-22 10:40 -0600
Message-ID<10ktjtm$35tto$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344443
On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>
>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed nothing is
>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory that
>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is false
>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>
>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>> not exist.
>>>
>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.
>>>
>>
>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>> in the meta‑theory;
> 
> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between numbers
> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
> 
>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
> 
> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You can deny
> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably impossible.
> 

Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
external interpretation of PA (typically the
standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
is not a truth‑bearer at all. The conflation happens
when people treat model‑theoretic truth—truth
in ℕ—as if it were internal truth in PA.

Proof theoretic semantics anchored in axioms
as their basis of truth proves that I have
always been correct about everything that I said.

All five LLMs agree with this immediately after I
force them to actually simulate DD by HHH according
to the semantics if C:

Thus within well-founded proof theoretic semantics
anchored in the operational semantics of the c
programming language HHH(DD) is correct to reject
its input as non-well-founded?

Any cycle in the directed graph of the evaluation
sequence of an expression correctly rejects this
expression as non-well-founded in any proof theoretic
semantics where true is anchored in the axioms of
the system.

Here is the first time that I explicitly referred
to the idea of non-well-founded expressions in proof
theoretic semantics

[True(X) and ~Provable(X) is Impossible] Feb 4, 2018
https://groups.google.com/g/sci.logic/c/7XihPDLDy9s/m/uD6biLdjAwAJ

-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
reliably computable.<br><br>

This required establishing a new foundation<br>

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#344473

FromMikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi>
Date2026-01-23 11:13 +0200
Message-ID<10kve43$3op07$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344447
On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>
>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed nothing is
>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory that
>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is false
>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>
>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>> not exist.
>>>>
>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.
>>>>
>>>
>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>
>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between numbers
>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>
>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>
>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You can deny
>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably impossible.
> 
> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
> external interpretation of PA (typically the
> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
> is not a truth‑bearer at all.

There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted theory because
there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is "sell-formed-
formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false in an
interpretation.

Gädel's metatheory contains PA. In Gödel's interpretation PA is
interpreted in the same way as the PA part of the metathoéory.
Gödel proves that G of PA as interpreted in the metatheory is
true but cannot be proven in PA.

-- 
Mikko

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#344476

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-01-23 04:22 -0600
Message-ID<10kvi5r$3q24q$2@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344473
On 1/23/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
> On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
>> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed nothing is
>>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory that
>>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
>>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is false
>>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>>
>>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>>> not exist.
>>>>>
>>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>>
>>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between numbers
>>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
>>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>>
>>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>>
>>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You can deny
>>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably impossible.
>>
>> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
>> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
>> external interpretation of PA (typically the
>> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
>> is not a truth‑bearer at all.
> 
> There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted theory because
> there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is "sell-formed-
> formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false in an
> interpretation.
> 

There is a
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
and I figured out how to make it computable over the
body of knowledge.

> Gädel's metatheory contains PA. In Gödel's interpretation PA is
> interpreted in the same way as the PA part of the metathoéory.
> Gödel proves that G of PA as interpreted in the metatheory is
> true but cannot be proven in PA.
> 


-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
reliably computable.<br><br>

This required establishing a new foundation<br>

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#344487

FromMikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi>
Date2026-01-24 10:20 +0200
Message-ID<10l1vdd$l5o9$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344476
On 23/01/2026 12:22, olcott wrote:
> On 1/23/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>> On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
>>> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed nothing is
>>>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory that
>>>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
>>>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is false
>>>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>>>> not exist.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>>>
>>>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between numbers
>>>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
>>>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>>>
>>>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>>>
>>>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You can deny
>>>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably impossible.
>>>
>>> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
>>> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
>>> external interpretation of PA (typically the
>>> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
>>> is not a truth‑bearer at all.
>>
>> There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted theory because
>> there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is "sell-formed-
>> formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false in an
>> interpretation.

> There is a
> "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
> and I figured out how to make it computable over the
> body of knowledge.

Except that "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language" is
nmt computable and does not cover all of the body of knowldge.

-- 
Mikko

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#344493

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-01-24 08:01 -0600
Message-ID<10l2jci$rkbl$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344487
On 1/24/2026 2:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
> On 23/01/2026 12:22, olcott wrote:
>> On 1/23/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>> On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed nothing is
>>>>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory that
>>>>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
>>>>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is false
>>>>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>>>>> not exist.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>>>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>>>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>>>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>>>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>>>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>>>>
>>>>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between numbers
>>>>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
>>>>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>>>>
>>>>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>>>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>>>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>>>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>>>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>>>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>>>>
>>>>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You can deny
>>>>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably impossible.
>>>>
>>>> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
>>>> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
>>>> external interpretation of PA (typically the
>>>> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
>>>> is not a truth‑bearer at all.
>>>
>>> There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted theory because
>>> there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is "sell-formed-
>>> formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false in an
>>> interpretation.
> 
>> There is a
>> "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
>> and I figured out how to make it computable over the
>> body of knowledge.
> 
> Except that "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language" is
> nmt computable and does not cover all of the body of knowldge.
> 

When the basis of "true" is proof theoretic semantics
internal to the formal system relative to its own axioms
and not truth conditional in a separate model outside
of the system undecidability ceases to exist.

-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
reliably computable.<br><br>

This required establishing a new foundation<br>

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#344529

FromMikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi>
Date2026-01-25 13:19 +0200
Message-ID<10l4u7q$1jgpb$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344493
On 24/01/2026 16:01, olcott wrote:
> On 1/24/2026 2:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
>> On 23/01/2026 12:22, olcott wrote:
>>> On 1/23/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>> On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed nothing is
>>>>>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory that
>>>>>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
>>>>>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is false
>>>>>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>>>>>> not exist.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>>>>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>>>>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>>>>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>>>>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>>>>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between numbers
>>>>>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
>>>>>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>>>>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>>>>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>>>>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>>>>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>>>>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You can deny
>>>>>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably impossible.
>>>>>
>>>>> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
>>>>> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
>>>>> external interpretation of PA (typically the
>>>>> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
>>>>> is not a truth‑bearer at all.
>>>>
>>>> There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted theory 
>>>> because
>>>> there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is "sell-formed-
>>>> formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false in an
>>>> interpretation.
>>
>>> There is a
>>> "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
>>> and I figured out how to make it computable over the
>>> body of knowledge.
>>
>> Except that "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language" is
>> nmt computable and does not cover all of the body of knowldge.
> 
> When the basis of "true" is proof theoretic semantics
> internal to the formal system relative to its own axioms
> and not truth conditional in a separate model outside
> of the system undecidability ceases to exist.

No, it does not. It does not matter what you call it, a sentence
that cannot be neither proven nor disproven is undecidable because
that is what the word means. An example is Gödel's sentence in
Peano arithmetics.

-- 
Mikko

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#344531

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-01-25 07:24 -0600
Message-ID<10l55hq$1lth6$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344529
On 1/25/2026 5:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
> On 24/01/2026 16:01, olcott wrote:
>> On 1/24/2026 2:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>> On 23/01/2026 12:22, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 1/23/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>> On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed 
>>>>>>>>> nothing is
>>>>>>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory that
>>>>>>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
>>>>>>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is false
>>>>>>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>>>>>>> not exist.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>>>>>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>>>>>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>>>>>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>>>>>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>>>>>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between numbers
>>>>>>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
>>>>>>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>>>>>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>>>>>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>>>>>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>>>>>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>>>>>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You can deny
>>>>>>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably impossible.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
>>>>>> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
>>>>>> external interpretation of PA (typically the
>>>>>> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
>>>>>> is not a truth‑bearer at all.
>>>>>
>>>>> There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted theory 
>>>>> because
>>>>> there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is "sell-formed-
>>>>> formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false in an
>>>>> interpretation.
>>>
>>>> There is a
>>>> "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
>>>> and I figured out how to make it computable over the
>>>> body of knowledge.
>>>
>>> Except that "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language" is
>>> nmt computable and does not cover all of the body of knowldge.
>>
>> When the basis of "true" is proof theoretic semantics
>> internal to the formal system relative to its own axioms
>> and not truth conditional in a separate model outside
>> of the system undecidability ceases to exist.
> 
> No, it does not. It does not matter what you call it, a sentence
> that cannot be neither proven nor disproven is undecidable because
> that is what the word means. An example is Gödel's sentence in
> Peano arithmetics.
> 

When a truth predicate gets the input "What time is?"
this input is rejected as not truth-apt.

When PA gets an expression that cannot be proven or
refuted using its own axioms then this expression is
not within its domain.


-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.<br><br>

This required establishing a new foundation<br>

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#344534

FromRichard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org>
Date2026-01-25 13:27 -0500
Message-ID<xgtdR.98062$4e1.48518@fx20.iad>
In reply to#344531
On 1/25/26 8:24 AM, olcott wrote:
> On 1/25/2026 5:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>> On 24/01/2026 16:01, olcott wrote:
>>> On 1/24/2026 2:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>> On 23/01/2026 12:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 1/23/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>> On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed 
>>>>>>>>>> nothing is
>>>>>>>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory that
>>>>>>>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
>>>>>>>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is false
>>>>>>>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>>>>>>>> not exist.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>>>>>>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>>>>>>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>>>>>>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>>>>>>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>>>>>>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between numbers
>>>>>>>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
>>>>>>>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>>>>>>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>>>>>>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>>>>>>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>>>>>>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>>>>>>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You can 
>>>>>>>> deny
>>>>>>>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably impossible.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
>>>>>>> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
>>>>>>> external interpretation of PA (typically the
>>>>>>> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
>>>>>>> is not a truth‑bearer at all.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted theory 
>>>>>> because
>>>>>> there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is "sell- 
>>>>>> formed-
>>>>>> formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false in an
>>>>>> interpretation.
>>>>
>>>>> There is a
>>>>> "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
>>>>> and I figured out how to make it computable over the
>>>>> body of knowledge.
>>>>
>>>> Except that "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language" is
>>>> nmt computable and does not cover all of the body of knowldge.
>>>
>>> When the basis of "true" is proof theoretic semantics
>>> internal to the formal system relative to its own axioms
>>> and not truth conditional in a separate model outside
>>> of the system undecidability ceases to exist.
>>
>> No, it does not. It does not matter what you call it, a sentence
>> that cannot be neither proven nor disproven is undecidable because
>> that is what the word means. An example is Gödel's sentence in
>> Peano arithmetics.
>>
> 
> When a truth predicate gets the input "What time is?"
> this input is rejected as not truth-apt.


That fine.
> 
> When PA gets an expression that cannot be proven or
> refuted using its own axioms then this expression is
> not within its domain.
> 

Then most of Natural Number mathematics is isn't in its domain,

And, you can't KNOW if somehting is a valid question to ask until you 
know the answer.

This makes a fairly worthless domain to learn things in.

By your definition, a question like can every even number, greater than 
2, be the sum of two prime numbers MIGHT not be within its domain, even 
though it is purely a question about the capability of numbers.

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#344536

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-01-25 12:33 -0600
Message-ID<10l5nls$1sfs5$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344534
On 1/25/2026 12:27 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
> On 1/25/26 8:24 AM, olcott wrote:
>> On 1/25/2026 5:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>> On 24/01/2026 16:01, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 1/24/2026 2:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>> On 23/01/2026 12:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 1/23/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>> On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed 
>>>>>>>>>>> nothing is
>>>>>>>>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory 
>>>>>>>>>>> that
>>>>>>>>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. Every
>>>>>>>>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is 
>>>>>>>>>>> false
>>>>>>>>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>>>>>>>>> not exist.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of semantics.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>>>>>>>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>>>>>>>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>>>>>>>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>>>>>>>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>>>>>>>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between numbers
>>>>>>>>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
>>>>>>>>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>>>>>>>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>>>>>>>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>>>>>>>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>>>>>>>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>>>>>>>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You can 
>>>>>>>>> deny
>>>>>>>>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably impossible.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
>>>>>>>> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
>>>>>>>> external interpretation of PA (typically the
>>>>>>>> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
>>>>>>>> is not a truth‑bearer at all.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted theory 
>>>>>>> because
>>>>>>> there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is "sell- 
>>>>>>> formed-
>>>>>>> formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false in an
>>>>>>> interpretation.
>>>>>
>>>>>> There is a
>>>>>> "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
>>>>>> and I figured out how to make it computable over the
>>>>>> body of knowledge.
>>>>>
>>>>> Except that "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language" is
>>>>> nmt computable and does not cover all of the body of knowldge.
>>>>
>>>> When the basis of "true" is proof theoretic semantics
>>>> internal to the formal system relative to its own axioms
>>>> and not truth conditional in a separate model outside
>>>> of the system undecidability ceases to exist.
>>>
>>> No, it does not. It does not matter what you call it, a sentence
>>> that cannot be neither proven nor disproven is undecidable because
>>> that is what the word means. An example is Gödel's sentence in
>>> Peano arithmetics.
>>>
>>
>> When a truth predicate gets the input "What time is?"
>> this input is rejected as not truth-apt.
> 
> 
> That fine.
>>
>> When PA gets an expression that cannot be proven or
>> refuted using its own axioms then this expression is
>> not within its domain.
>>
> 
> Then most of Natural Number mathematics is isn't in its domain,
> 

It is what it is.
PA doesn't even know PA until you add a truth predicate.
When you do add a truth predicate then PA knows PA. If
you want more than that then meta-math can know "about" PA.
This is one level of indirect reference away from knowing PA.

> And, you can't KNOW if somehting is a valid question to ask until you 
> know the answer.
> 
> This makes a fairly worthless domain to learn things in.
> 
> By your definition, a question like can every even number, greater than 
> 2, be the sum of two prime numbers MIGHT not be within its domain, even 
> though it is purely a question about the capability of numbers.
> 


-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.<br><br>

This required establishing a new foundation<br>

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#344538

FromRichard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org>
Date2026-01-25 13:40 -0500
Message-ID<DstdR.98065$4e1.52878@fx20.iad>
In reply to#344536
On 1/25/26 1:33 PM, olcott wrote:
> On 1/25/2026 12:27 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
>> On 1/25/26 8:24 AM, olcott wrote:
>>> On 1/25/2026 5:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>> On 24/01/2026 16:01, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 1/24/2026 2:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>> On 23/01/2026 12:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 1/23/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed 
>>>>>>>>>>>> nothing is
>>>>>>>>>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order theory 
>>>>>>>>>>>> that
>>>>>>>>>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. 
>>>>>>>>>>>> Every
>>>>>>>>>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is 
>>>>>>>>>>>> false
>>>>>>>>>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>>>>>>>>>> not exist.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of 
>>>>>>>>>>>> semantics.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>>>>>>>>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>>>>>>>>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>>>>>>>>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>>>>>>>>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>>>>>>>>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between 
>>>>>>>>>> numbers
>>>>>>>>>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
>>>>>>>>>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>>>>>>>>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>>>>>>>>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>>>>>>>>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>>>>>>>>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>>>>>>>>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You 
>>>>>>>>>> can deny
>>>>>>>>>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably 
>>>>>>>>>> impossible.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
>>>>>>>>> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
>>>>>>>>> external interpretation of PA (typically the
>>>>>>>>> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
>>>>>>>>> is not a truth‑bearer at all.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted theory 
>>>>>>>> because
>>>>>>>> there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is "sell- 
>>>>>>>> formed-
>>>>>>>> formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false in an
>>>>>>>> interpretation.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> There is a
>>>>>>> "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
>>>>>>> and I figured out how to make it computable over the
>>>>>>> body of knowledge.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Except that "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language" is
>>>>>> nmt computable and does not cover all of the body of knowldge.
>>>>>
>>>>> When the basis of "true" is proof theoretic semantics
>>>>> internal to the formal system relative to its own axioms
>>>>> and not truth conditional in a separate model outside
>>>>> of the system undecidability ceases to exist.
>>>>
>>>> No, it does not. It does not matter what you call it, a sentence
>>>> that cannot be neither proven nor disproven is undecidable because
>>>> that is what the word means. An example is Gödel's sentence in
>>>> Peano arithmetics.
>>>>
>>>
>>> When a truth predicate gets the input "What time is?"
>>> this input is rejected as not truth-apt.
>>
>>
>> That fine.
>>>
>>> When PA gets an expression that cannot be proven or
>>> refuted using its own axioms then this expression is
>>> not within its domain.
>>>
>>
>> Then most of Natural Number mathematics is isn't in its domain,
>>
> 
> It is what it is.

But PA was CREATED to allow us to define the Natural Numbers in an 
axiomatic way.

> PA doesn't even know PA until you add a truth predicate.
> When you do add a truth predicate then PA knows PA. If
> you want more than that then meta-math can know "about" PA.
> This is one level of indirect reference away from knowing PA.

In other words, you world is just inconsistant because it can't handle 
itself.

You just build your logic on equivocations and lies.

But since PA doesn't have a truth predicate, you can't add it.

What PA has, if you actually understand it, is that it was built on a 
definition of logic that defines truth based on what flows out of the 
possible infinite application of its axioms.

When you try to build with a lessor logic, you don't get a PA that can 
do what it needs to, and thus isn't actually an arithmatic.

> 
>> And, you can't KNOW if somehting is a valid question to ask until you 
>> know the answer.
>>
>> This makes a fairly worthless domain to learn things in.
>>
>> By your definition, a question like can every even number, greater 
>> than 2, be the sum of two prime numbers MIGHT not be within its 
>> domain, even though it is purely a question about the capability of 
>> numbers.
>>
> 
> 

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#344541

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-01-25 13:10 -0600
Message-ID<10l5ps0$1t9k0$2@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344538
On 1/25/2026 12:40 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
> On 1/25/26 1:33 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 1/25/2026 12:27 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
>>> On 1/25/26 8:24 AM, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 1/25/2026 5:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>> On 24/01/2026 16:01, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 1/24/2026 2:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>> On 23/01/2026 12:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 1/23/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> nothing is
>>>>>>>>>>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> theory that
>>>>>>>>>>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Every
>>>>>>>>>>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory is 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> false
>>>>>>>>>>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> not exist.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> semantics.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>>>>>>>>>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>>>>>>>>>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>>>>>>>>>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>>>>>>>>>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>>>>>>>>>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between 
>>>>>>>>>>> numbers
>>>>>>>>>>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to numbers
>>>>>>>>>>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>>>>>>>>>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>>>>>>>>>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>>>>>>>>>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>>>>>>>>>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>>>>>>>>>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You 
>>>>>>>>>>> can deny
>>>>>>>>>>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably 
>>>>>>>>>>> impossible.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
>>>>>>>>>> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
>>>>>>>>>> external interpretation of PA (typically the
>>>>>>>>>> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
>>>>>>>>>> is not a truth‑bearer at all.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted 
>>>>>>>>> theory because
>>>>>>>>> there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is "sell- 
>>>>>>>>> formed-
>>>>>>>>> formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false in an
>>>>>>>>> interpretation.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> There is a
>>>>>>>> "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
>>>>>>>> and I figured out how to make it computable over the
>>>>>>>> body of knowledge.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Except that "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language" is
>>>>>>> nmt computable and does not cover all of the body of knowldge.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> When the basis of "true" is proof theoretic semantics
>>>>>> internal to the formal system relative to its own axioms
>>>>>> and not truth conditional in a separate model outside
>>>>>> of the system undecidability ceases to exist.
>>>>>
>>>>> No, it does not. It does not matter what you call it, a sentence
>>>>> that cannot be neither proven nor disproven is undecidable because
>>>>> that is what the word means. An example is Gödel's sentence in
>>>>> Peano arithmetics.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> When a truth predicate gets the input "What time is?"
>>>> this input is rejected as not truth-apt.
>>>
>>>
>>> That fine.
>>>>
>>>> When PA gets an expression that cannot be proven or
>>>> refuted using its own axioms then this expression is
>>>> not within its domain.
>>>>
>>>
>>> Then most of Natural Number mathematics is isn't in its domain,
>>>
>>
>> It is what it is.
> 
> But PA was CREATED to allow us to define the Natural Numbers in an 
> axiomatic way.
> 

Yet only within the actual axioms of PA.

>> PA doesn't even know PA until you add a truth predicate.
>> When you do add a truth predicate then PA knows PA. If
>> you want more than that then meta-math can know "about" PA.
>> This is one level of indirect reference away from knowing PA.
> 
> In other words, you world is just inconsistant because it can't handle 
> itself.
> 
> You just build your logic on equivocations and lies.
> 
> But since PA doesn't have a truth predicate, you can't add it.
> 
> What PA has, if you actually understand it, is that it was built on a 
> definition of logic that defines truth based on what flows out of the 
> possible infinite application of its axioms.
> 
> When you try to build with a lessor logic, you don't get a PA that can 
> do what it needs to, and thus isn't actually an arithmatic.
> 
>>
>>> And, you can't KNOW if somehting is a valid question to ask until you 
>>> know the answer.
>>>
>>> This makes a fairly worthless domain to learn things in.
>>>
>>> By your definition, a question like can every even number, greater 
>>> than 2, be the sum of two prime numbers MIGHT not be within its 
>>> domain, even though it is purely a question about the capability of 
>>> numbers.
>>>
>>
>>
> 


-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.<br><br>

This required establishing a new foundation<br>

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#344543

FromRichard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org>
Date2026-01-25 14:57 -0500
Message-ID<rAudR.98067$4e1.42181@fx20.iad>
In reply to#344541
On 1/25/26 2:10 PM, olcott wrote:
> On 1/25/2026 12:40 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
>> On 1/25/26 1:33 PM, olcott wrote:
>>> On 1/25/2026 12:27 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
>>>> On 1/25/26 8:24 AM, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 1/25/2026 5:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>> On 24/01/2026 16:01, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 1/24/2026 2:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 23/01/2026 12:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 1/23/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> nothing is
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> theory that
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model theory. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Every
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is false
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> not exist.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> semantics.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>>>>>>>>>>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>>>>>>>>>>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>>>>>>>>>>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>>>>>>>>>>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between 
>>>>>>>>>>>> numbers
>>>>>>>>>>>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to 
>>>>>>>>>>>> numbers
>>>>>>>>>>>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>>>>>>>>>>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>>>>>>>>>>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>>>>>>>>>>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>>>>>>>>>>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>>>>>>>>>>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You 
>>>>>>>>>>>> can deny
>>>>>>>>>>>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably 
>>>>>>>>>>>> impossible.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
>>>>>>>>>>> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
>>>>>>>>>>> external interpretation of PA (typically the
>>>>>>>>>>> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
>>>>>>>>>>> is not a truth‑bearer at all.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted 
>>>>>>>>>> theory because
>>>>>>>>>> there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is 
>>>>>>>>>> "sell- formed-
>>>>>>>>>> formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false 
>>>>>>>>>> in an
>>>>>>>>>> interpretation.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> There is a
>>>>>>>>> "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
>>>>>>>>> and I figured out how to make it computable over the
>>>>>>>>> body of knowledge.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Except that "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language" is
>>>>>>>> nmt computable and does not cover all of the body of knowldge.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> When the basis of "true" is proof theoretic semantics
>>>>>>> internal to the formal system relative to its own axioms
>>>>>>> and not truth conditional in a separate model outside
>>>>>>> of the system undecidability ceases to exist.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> No, it does not. It does not matter what you call it, a sentence
>>>>>> that cannot be neither proven nor disproven is undecidable because
>>>>>> that is what the word means. An example is Gödel's sentence in
>>>>>> Peano arithmetics.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> When a truth predicate gets the input "What time is?"
>>>>> this input is rejected as not truth-apt.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> That fine.
>>>>>
>>>>> When PA gets an expression that cannot be proven or
>>>>> refuted using its own axioms then this expression is
>>>>> not within its domain.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Then most of Natural Number mathematics is isn't in its domain,
>>>>
>>>
>>> It is what it is.
>>
>> But PA was CREATED to allow us to define the Natural Numbers in an 
>> axiomatic way.
>>
> 
> Yet only within the actual axioms of PA.

Yes, the Natural Numbers are object created within the formal system of 
Peano Arithmetic (as one way to define them) and in that system there 
are a lot of properties of them that are True (or False).

If there is a property of them that PA Created that it can't talk about, 
that sounds very much like PA is just incomplete in its understanding of 
what it does, just by the basic normal definition of incomplete.

> 
>>> PA doesn't even know PA until you add a truth predicate.
>>> When you do add a truth predicate then PA knows PA. If
>>> you want more than that then meta-math can know "about" PA.
>>> This is one level of indirect reference away from knowing PA.
>>
>> In other words, you world is just inconsistant because it can't handle 
>> itself.
>>
>> You just build your logic on equivocations and lies.
>>
>> But since PA doesn't have a truth predicate, you can't add it.
>>
>> What PA has, if you actually understand it, is that it was built on a 
>> definition of logic that defines truth based on what flows out of the 
>> possible infinite application of its axioms.
>>
>> When you try to build with a lessor logic, you don't get a PA that can 
>> do what it needs to, and thus isn't actually an arithmatic.
>>
>>>
>>>> And, you can't KNOW if somehting is a valid question to ask until 
>>>> you know the answer.
>>>>
>>>> This makes a fairly worthless domain to learn things in.
>>>>
>>>> By your definition, a question like can every even number, greater 
>>>> than 2, be the sum of two prime numbers MIGHT not be within its 
>>>> domain, even though it is purely a question about the capability of 
>>>> numbers.
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
> 
> 

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#344546

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-01-25 14:09 -0600
Message-ID<10l5t9e$1ui63$2@dont-email.me>
In reply to#344543
On 1/25/2026 1:57 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
> On 1/25/26 2:10 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 1/25/2026 12:40 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
>>> On 1/25/26 1:33 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 1/25/2026 12:27 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
>>>>> On 1/25/26 8:24 AM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 1/25/2026 5:19 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>> On 24/01/2026 16:01, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 1/24/2026 2:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 23/01/2026 12:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 1/23/2026 3:13 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 22/01/2026 18:40, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/22/2026 2:21 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 21/01/2026 17:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 1/21/2026 3:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> No, it hasn't. In the way theories are usually discussed 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> nothing is
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> "ture in arithmetic". Every sentence of a first order 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> theory that
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> can be proven in the theory is true in every model 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> theory. Every
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> sentence of a theory that cannot be proven in the theory 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is false
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in some model of the theory.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> only because back then proof theoretic semantics did
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> not exist.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Every interpretation of the theory is a definition of 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> semantics.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Meta‑math relations about numbers don’t exist in PA
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> because PA only contains arithmetical relations—addition, 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> multiplication, ordering, primitive‑recursive predicates
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> about numbers themselves—while relations that talk about
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> PA’s own proofs, syntax, or truth conditions live entirely
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in the meta‑theory;
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Methamathematics does not need any other relations between 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> numbers
>>>>>>>>>>>>> than what PA has. But relations that map other things to 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> numbers
>>>>>>>>>>>>> can be useful for methamathematical purposes.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> so when someone appeals to a Gödel‑style relation like
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> “n encodes a proof of this very sentence,” they’re
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> invoking a meta‑mathematical predicate that PA cannot
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> internalize, which is exactly why your framework draws
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> a clean boundary between internal proof‑theoretic truth
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> and external model‑theoretic truth.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Anyway, what can be provven that way is true aboout PA. You 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> can deny
>>>>>>>>>>>>> the proof but you cannot perform what is meta-provably 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossible.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
>>>>>>>>>>>> It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
>>>>>>>>>>>> external interpretation of PA (typically the
>>>>>>>>>>>> standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
>>>>>>>>>>>> is not a truth‑bearer at all.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> There is no concept of "truth-bearer" in an uninterpreted 
>>>>>>>>>>> theory because
>>>>>>>>>>> there is not concept of "truth". The relevant concept is 
>>>>>>>>>>> "sell- formed-
>>>>>>>>>>> formula" and Gödels sentence is one. It may be true or false 
>>>>>>>>>>> in an
>>>>>>>>>>> interpretation.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> There is a
>>>>>>>>>> "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
>>>>>>>>>> and I figured out how to make it computable over the
>>>>>>>>>> body of knowledge.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Except that "true on the basis of meaning expressed in 
>>>>>>>>> language" is
>>>>>>>>> nmt computable and does not cover all of the body of knowldge.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> When the basis of "true" is proof theoretic semantics
>>>>>>>> internal to the formal system relative to its own axioms
>>>>>>>> and not truth conditional in a separate model outside
>>>>>>>> of the system undecidability ceases to exist.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> No, it does not. It does not matter what you call it, a sentence
>>>>>>> that cannot be neither proven nor disproven is undecidable because
>>>>>>> that is what the word means. An example is Gödel's sentence in
>>>>>>> Peano arithmetics.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> When a truth predicate gets the input "What time is?"
>>>>>> this input is rejected as not truth-apt.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> That fine.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> When PA gets an expression that cannot be proven or
>>>>>> refuted using its own axioms then this expression is
>>>>>> not within its domain.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Then most of Natural Number mathematics is isn't in its domain,
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> It is what it is.
>>>
>>> But PA was CREATED to allow us to define the Natural Numbers in an 
>>> axiomatic way.
>>>
>>
>> Yet only within the actual axioms of PA.
> 
> Yes, the Natural Numbers are object created within the formal system of 
> Peano Arithmetic (as one way to define them) and in that system there 
> are a lot of properties of them that are True (or False).
> 
> If there is a property of them that PA Created that it can't talk about, 
> that sounds very much like PA is just incomplete in its understanding of 
> what it does, just by the basic normal definition of incomplete.
> 
>

Gödel’s sentence is not “true in arithmetic.”
It is true only in the meta‑theory, under an
external interpretation of PA (typically the
standard model ℕ). Inside PA itself, the sentence
is not a truth‑bearer at all.



-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.<br><br>

This required establishing a new foundation<br>

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


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