Re: OT: report by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) [Was: The real story of the Iberian blackout]

From	"Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid>
Newsgroups	comp.os.linux.misc
Subject	Re: OT: report by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) [Was: The real story of the Iberian blackout]
Date	2025-10-03 13:23 +0200
Message-ID	<mao4rlxhj8.ln2@Telcontar.valinor> (permalink)
References	<10bejip$35i1j$7@dont-email.me> <n1gtqlxlvf.ln2@Telcontar.valinor>

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On 2025-09-30 19:19, Carlos E.R. wrote:
> On 2025-09-29 20:36, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzCiEHGVMwA
>>
>>
> Or you could read other accepted reports, including the official one 
> (posted previously on sci.electronics.design)
Other reports just published:


Summary: over voltage. We need a new EU regulation covering that. 
Renewables were not to be blamed.

Using DeepL automated translation.

     «The report notes that the blackout, a unique event in the world, 
was due to a “surge cascade” that began in southern Spain and spread 
throughout the peninsula in a matter of minutes. “The problem here is 
not that there were renewables, but that we need generation that has 
voltage control. The good news is that this can be done in the same way 
as in conventional generation,” explained Entso-E president Damián 
Cortinas, when asked about the responsibility of green generation sources.»

     «As explained by the president of ENTSO-E, this “factual report” 
does not seek to place “any responsibility” on any agent in the sector, 
but rather to trace a “sequence” of events.

     When asked about the role of renewable energies in the blackout, 
Cortinas pointed out that “the question is not whether or not there are 
renewables,” but rather how voltage control was carried out on the grid 
that day, which he cited as one of the key issues that would explain the 
historic blackout. According to the report prepared by REE, there were 
“breaches” by the generators in this voltage control. But the government 
also pointed to “insufficient” planning by REE the day before in 
selecting the power plants that were to control voltage (and charge for 
it).»


<https://www.eldiario.es/economia/expertos-europeos-no-senalan-ahora-responsables-apagon-comparten-relato-gobierno_1_12653785.html>

     *European experts have not yet identified those responsible for the 
blackout and agree with the government's account*

         The ENTSO-E “final report” will be presented in early 2026 with 
a “detailed analysis” of the “root causes” of the blackout, for which 
data is still lacking: they will analyze how voltage control was carried 
out that day and the “local oscillation” that caused a large Iberdrola 
photovoltaic plant to fail at 12:03 p.m.
         — The blackout report detects power plants that “were not 
regulating voltage” and an “improper” disconnection of facilities


     Antonio M. Vélez / Rodrigo Ponce de León  October 3, 2025, 11:01 
a.m.  Updated on 10/03/2025, 11:37 a.m.

     European experts from the European Network of Transmission System 
Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E), who, in accordance with EU 
regulations, presented their “factual report” this Friday on the 
historic blackout of April 28, have not yet identified those responsible 
for the incident and have presented a sequence of events similar to that 
in the report prepared at the time by the Spanish government, which 
indicated that it was a “multifactorial” event.

     The report by the European Network of Transmission System Operators 
for Electricity, of which Red Eléctrica (REE) is a member, which the 
electricity companies blame for the blackout, gives itself a period of 
“four months” from the publication of this “factual report” to publish a 
“final report” in the first quarter of 2026. This is because some 
information is still missing.

      The report notes that, 158 days after the serious incident that 
left the entire Iberian Peninsula in darkness, “some data is still 
missing, particularly related to some of the generation losses that 
occurred before the blackout.”

     “Although Red Eléctrica (the Spanish TSO) obtained the consent of 
33 generation companies and DSOs (referring to distribution companies, 
mainly Iberdrola, Endesa, and Naturgy) to share relevant data, eight 
others did not give their consent.”

     During the presentation of the report, ENTSO-E officials indicated 
that they had encountered “significant difficulties” in obtaining 
information from several generating companies in Spain, according to 
Kaschnitz. It should be remembered that in June, the government sent 
letters to the sector expressing its ‘concern’ about the “slowdown” in 
the submission of data for the report that was then being prepared by an 
interministerial commission.

      This final report by ENTSO-E will include a “detailed analysis” of 
the “root causes,” the “voltage control” carried out on the grid that 
day by the generators, “the behavior of different actors during the 
incident,” and some “additional” comments.

     Among them, on the causes of the “local oscillation” which, as 
revealed by elDiario.es, was at the origin of the blackout and was 
caused by Iberdrola's Núñez de Balboa mega-photovoltaic plant at 12:03 
that morning (which the report does not mention). This oscillation was 
an “unusual” phenomenon, as pointed out by the Austrian expert who 
co-led the panel, Klaus Kaschnitz.

     The report notes that the blackout, a unique event in the world, 
was due to a “surge cascade” that began in southern Spain and spread 
throughout the peninsula in a matter of minutes. “The problem here is 
not that there were renewables, but that we need generation that has 
voltage control. The good news is that this can be done in the same way 
as in conventional generation,” explained Entso-E president Damián 
Cortinas, when asked about the responsibility of green generation sources.

     The ENTSO-E report explains that the morning of April 28, 2025, was 
characterized by “increasing renewable generation,” which led to “a 
decrease in daily market prices and an increase in exports from Spain” 
to a total of five gigawatts. From 9:00 a.m., voltage variability in 
Spain began to increase until shortly after 10:30 a.m., “when the 
voltage in part of the 400 kV transmission network briefly approached, 
but did not exceed, 435 kV,” within the permitted values.

     The Austrian expert who coordinated the report explained that April 
28 was a “typical spring day” with high photovoltaic penetration, and 
that from 10:30 a.m. onwards, “significant” voltage variations began in 
Spain, but within the accepted values. He also explained that on the eve 
of the blackout, a generation unit that was supposed to provide voltage 
control was declared unavailable, and REE decided to replace it with 
another unit but ultimately chose not to use it.

     The report confirms that there were no “significant oscillations” 
in the grid until 12:03 p.m., when the first oscillation began, which 
the government and REE reports attributed (without expressly citing it) 
to the Núñez de Balboa megaplant.

     This was an initial oscillation of a “local nature” preceded by a 
second, broader oscillation of an inter-area nature, corresponding to 
the East-Central-West zone of the European electricity system. The 
measures taken by the system operators in Spain, Portugal, and France 
(including a reduction in the flow of energy between Spain and France) 
mitigated these oscillations, but led to an increase in voltage in the 
Iberian system, although still “within operational values.”

     Subsequently, once facilities began to disconnect, “given that some 
generation units were consuming reactive power,” the opposite of what 
they were supposed to do, “with the effect of reducing voltage, the 
disconnections of these units without adequate compensation for the loss 
of reactive power by other system resources with the capacity to 
inject/absorb reactive power led to an increase in voltages in the 
system, not only in Spain but also in Portugal.”

     Starting at 12:32 p.m., within a span of 57 seconds, 208 MW of wind 
and solar power in northern and southern Spain, which correspond to the 
distribution network, were disconnected. There was an increase in the 
net load on the distribution networks of around 317 MW, which “could” be 
due to the disconnection of small self-consumption installations, 
although the reasons are “unknown.” The voltage began to rise “really 
fast,” explained the Austrian expert.

     From 12:32:57 p.m. onwards, there were major power disconnections 
in Granada, Badajoz, Seville, Huelva, and Cáceres. At least 2 gigawatts 
were lost, milliseconds after the protection devices of a transformer in 
Granada, which connects several generation facilities there and was 
injecting 355 MW at the time, were triggered.


     Reasons “unknown”

     Another 725 MW of photovoltaic and solar thermal power was then 
lost in Badajoz, along with wind and solar disconnections in Segovia, 
Huelva, Badajoz, Seville, and Cáceres for another 1,200 MW. “Some of 
these disconnections were due to surge protection,” but the reasons for 
“most of them are unknown,” the document says.

     Between 12:33:18 and 12:33:21, the voltage in southern Spain rose 
sharply and, as a result, also in Portugal. The overvoltage caused a 
cascade of generation losses, which led to a decrease in the frequency 
of the Spanish and Portuguese electricity systems. At 12:33:19, the 
Spanish and Portuguese electricity systems began to lose synchronism 
with the rest of the European system, the interconnections with Morocco 
and France were tripped, and absolute zero occurred.

     This report will be supplemented by the one being prepared by the 
Spanish regulator, the National Commission for Markets and Competition 
(CNMC), which has also participated in this panel of experts.

     As explained by the president of ENTSO-E, this “factual report” 
does not seek to place “any responsibility” on any agent in the sector, 
but rather to trace a “sequence” of events.

     When asked about the role of renewable energies in the blackout, 
Cortinas pointed out that “the question is not whether or not there are 
renewables,” but rather how voltage control was carried out on the grid 
that day, which he cited as one of the key issues that would explain the 
historic blackout. According to the report prepared by REE, there were 
“breaches” by the generators in this voltage control. But the government 
also pointed to “insufficient” planning by REE the day before in 
selecting the power plants that were to control voltage (and charge for it).

     The report was prepared by a panel of 45 experts, the largest ever 
formed, including both system operators and national regulators from 
across Europe, and was led by two experts from Austria and Hungary. 
After five months of “intense work,” it will form the basis for 
recommendations to be implemented in the near future.





-- 
Cheers, Carlos.
ES🇪🇸, EU🇪🇺;

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OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-29 19:36 +0100
  Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-09-29 21:49 +0200
    Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-29 21:03 +0100
    Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-09-29 22:21 +0200
      Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-30 10:31 +0100
        Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-09-30 12:33 +0200
          Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-30 12:55 +0100
            Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-09-30 19:03 +0200
              Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-30 21:11 +0100
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-09-30 22:22 +0200
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-30 22:45 +0100
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-10-01 00:28 +0200
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout Bobbie Sellers <bliss-sf4ever@dslextreme.com> - 2025-09-30 18:45 -0700
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-01 09:19 +0100
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-10-01 11:20 +0200
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-01 12:20 +0100
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-10-01 13:45 +0200
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout Bobbie Sellers <bliss-sf4ever@dslextreme.com> - 2025-10-01 09:35 -0700
                Gnome 49 [Was: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout] "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-10-01 19:22 +0200
                Re: Gnome 49 John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2025-10-01 10:48 -0700
                Re: Gnome 49 Bobbie Sellers <bliss-sf4ever@dslextreme.com> - 2025-10-01 11:16 -0700
                Re: Gnome 49 rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2025-10-01 18:47 +0000
                Re: Gnome 49 Bobbie Sellers <bliss-sf4ever@dslextreme.com> - 2025-10-01 15:38 -0700
                Re: Gnome 49 rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2025-10-02 04:24 +0000
                Re: Gnome 49 Bobbie Sellers <bliss-sf4ever@dslextreme.com> - 2025-10-01 22:22 -0700
                Re: Gnome 49 rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2025-10-02 07:20 +0000
                Re: Gnome 49 Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-02 11:17 +0100
                Re: Gnome 49 The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-02 12:04 +0100
                Re: Gnome 49 Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-02 11:13 +0100
                Re: Gnome 49 John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2025-10-02 07:46 -0700
                Re: Gnome 49 Jim Jackson <jj@franjam.org.uk> - 2025-10-02 16:12 +0000
                Re: Gnome 49 John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2025-10-02 09:38 -0700
                Re: Gnome 49 Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-03 00:04 +0100
                Re: Gnome 49 Anssi Saari <anssi.saari@usenet.mail.kapsi.fi> - 2025-10-04 09:45 +0300
                Re: Gnome 49 "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-10-04 20:27 +0200
                Re: Gnome 49 Rich <rich@example.invalid> - 2025-10-04 15:28 +0000
                Re: Gnome 49 John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2025-10-06 08:41 -0700
                Re: Gnome 49 Jim Jackson <jj@franjam.org.uk> - 2025-10-02 11:18 +0000
                Re: Gnome 49 The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-02 11:19 +0100
                Re: Gnome 49 Charlie Gibbs <cgibbs@kltpzyxm.invalid> - 2025-10-02 19:03 +0000
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-01 18:33 +0100
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-03 10:02 +0100
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-03 10:07 +0100
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout Bobbie Sellers <bliss-sf4ever@dslextreme.com> - 2025-10-01 09:25 -0700
                Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-01 18:31 +0100
            Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-03 09:50 +0100
              Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-03 10:05 +0100
              Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-10-03 13:35 +0200
      Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-03 09:21 +0100
        Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-10-03 13:28 +0200
  Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-09-30 19:11 +0200
    Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-30 21:13 +0100
      Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-03 10:48 +0100
        Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-10-03 10:56 +0100
  Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-09-30 19:19 +0200
    Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-30 21:14 +0100
      Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-09-30 22:22 +0200
        Re: OT: The real story of the Iberian blackout The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-30 22:45 +0100
    Re: OT: report by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) [Was: The real story of the Iberian blackout] "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-10-03 13:23 +0200
    Re: OT: report by the The Institute for Technological Research (IIT) at Comillas Pontifical University [Was: The real story of the Iberian blackout] "Carlos E.R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2025-10-03 13:23 +0200

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