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Re: Register windows

From Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid>
Newsgroups comp.arch
Subject Re: Register windows
Date 2025-07-18 23:17 +0300
Organization Tidorum Ltd
Message-ID <mdvoejFmi67U1@mid.individual.net> (permalink)
References (17 earlier) <1059tti$16il5$1@dont-email.me> <f19813b55e635188c81f989aa63f0462@www.novabbs.org> <jwvldomkdua.fsf-monnier+comp.arch@gnu.org> <mdv6hmFheagU1@mid.individual.net> <jwvfretfs4u.fsf-monnier+comp.arch@gnu.org>

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On 2025-07-18 18:29, Stefan Monnier wrote:
>> The Mill "belt" (I assume this is what you call the "stack") corresponds to
>> the "first-class registers": all computations take operands from the belt
>> and push results to the belt. When a function is called, it sees a fresh
>> belt with only its "in" arguments; when the function returns, it leaves its
>> "out" results pushed on the belt that the caller sees.
> 
> That's right.  The belt is the closest that the Mill has to "first-class
> registers", tho in a sense it addresses elements of the forwarding
> network more than "registers".


Yes. Values on the belt do not stay at fixed addresses ("register 
numbers", "names") but move to new addresses (larger offsets from the 
"top") as computations push more results on the belt. As I understand 
it, the HW implementation is indeed like a renaming/forwarding network, 
although the "names" (offsets from the "top") are known to the compiler 
because of the static instruction sheduling and known latencies of all 
operations.


> What I meant by "stack" is the place where scratch registers and
> in-flight belt values get pushed/popped when you enter/leave a function,
> which give you a kind of "register window" functionality. 


Ah, apologies for my wrong assumption. (But calling that a "stack" risks 
confusion with the normal SW stack in memory, which is certainly still 
needed in a Mill processor, for example to pass function arguments by 
reference.)

I agree that the Mill architecture, with its "new belt for each call" 
and "new scratch-pad for each call" programmer's model, is similar to 
register-window designs.


> IIRC the Mill
> documents it as living in memory but the moment when stack elements
> actually reach memory was never clearly specified, so I assume the
> idea was that it could be kept in "second class registers" (IIRC
> that was managed by the "spiller" you refer to).


As I understood it, the HW implementation of the Mill's 
function-specific belt and function-specific scratch-pad is not meant to 
be visible to a normal application program running in a Mill processor. 
A function executing in a normal program cannot access the belt of its 
caller, nor the scratch-pad of its caller.

For debuggers and other system tools that need such visiblity the intent 
was to provide a dedicated (HW-dependent) interface or "service", 
essentially an interface to the spiller HW. But the structure of the 
spiller and its buffers and memory areas is not part of the visible Mill 
architecture, rather it is specific to each implementation ("model") of 
a Mill processor core.


> Of course, in a traditional CPU, the top of the stack is kept in the L1
> cache and only ever touches the higher levels of the memory hierarchy
> when cache pressure is very high or upon context switches, so the L1
> cache plays a similar role.


A similar role from the performance point of view, yes, with the 
difference that data in the L1 cache is accessed via normal load/store 
instructions, while the spiller data structures would not be accessible 
in that way.

As I understood it, the spiller would have some private internal buffers 
for your "stack", and would use main memory (via the caches) as backup 
when the private buffers overflowed. Thus the most recently spilled data 
would be either in the spiller's private buffers or in the L1 cache.


> Not sure if a set of "second class
> registers" dedicated to storing the top of the stack (like SPARC has,
> and the Mill seemed to want to have) can be made to be faster and/or
> lower power than the L1 cache to justify the effort.


I am not a HW guy, but I think the answer is yes. However, speed is not 
the only advanage of such "second class" registers: they can also make 
for a simpler programmer's model where the second-class registers are 
hidden, implicit, and need not (and perhaps cannot) be named in the 
instructions.

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                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-19 01:23 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-18 19:41 -0700
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-19 05:36 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-18 23:10 -0700
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-19 09:35 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-19 15:11 +0000
                Re: Fortran, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-19 18:03 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-19 18:53 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-19 23:18 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-20 15:13 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 20:35 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 21:27 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 21:09 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 21:48 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-21 14:57 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-19 23:36 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-20 01:32 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-20 13:45 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 17:19 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-20 18:06 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 18:31 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-20 12:27 -0700
                Re: emulation, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-20 20:16 +0000
                Re: emulation, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 20:47 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 21:26 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-06-21 14:33 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 21:34 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-20 23:57 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-21 00:06 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-21 00:13 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-20 23:20 -0700
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-21 07:40 +0000
                Killer Micros (was: old and slow base and bounds) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-06-21 09:56 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-06-21 14:25 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-06-21 11:39 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2025-06-21 16:50 +0100
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-21 17:59 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-21 18:26 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-21 19:37 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2025-06-21 20:27 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-21 20:31 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-21 20:36 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-06-21 14:27 -0700
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-06-24 09:45 +0200
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-22 06:34 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Andreas Eder <a_eder_muc@web.de> - 2025-06-22 11:52 +0200
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-22 00:55 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2025-07-01 14:22 +0100
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-07-01 17:39 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-07-01 18:00 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-06-22 20:23 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> - 2025-06-22 12:15 -1000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-22 22:44 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-23 09:23 -0400
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-23 20:04 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-23 23:16 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-06-23 17:02 -0700
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-24 00:25 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-24 00:53 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-24 02:49 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-24 06:21 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-06-24 09:59 +0200
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-24 06:16 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-06-24 14:12 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-06-24 07:43 -0700
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-24 14:53 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-06-24 14:48 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-24 13:01 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-21 17:49 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-06-21 14:36 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-19 13:37 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-19 17:52 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-19 19:00 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-20 07:42 -0700
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-20 18:40 +0000
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-20 17:15 -0400
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 21:30 +0000
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-21 17:21 +0000
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-21 15:46 -0400
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-21 22:42 -0700
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-24 10:58 -0700
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-24 19:31 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-19 12:36 -0700
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-19 21:45 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-19 16:05 -0700
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-19 23:45 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-20 14:51 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 15:55 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-19 20:25 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-19 12:12 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-19 10:32 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-19 14:54 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-19 20:36 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-20 01:10 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 01:15 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-06-21 12:04 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-21 20:32 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-06-22 01:26 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-22 01:36 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-22 08:57 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-22 17:52 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-22 18:25 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-06-22 20:29 +0000
                Re: tape hacks, linking and sortiing John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-22 22:44 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-23 06:07 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-23 09:56 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-23 10:01 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-23 17:13 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-22 01:31 +0000
                Re: Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-14 17:00 +0000
                Re: Why I've Dropped In John Savard <quadibloc@invalid.invalid> - 2025-07-28 23:18 +0000
                Re: Why I've Dropped In BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-07-28 22:56 -0500
                Re: Why I've Dropped In MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-08-26 21:46 +0000
                VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-07-29 08:45 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-07-29 16:44 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-07-30 05:59 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-07-30 04:02 -0500
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-07-30 16:24 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-07-30 13:24 -0500
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-01 17:02 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-01 15:24 -0500
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-02 15:33 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-02 15:15 -0500
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-02 18:55 -0500
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 16:33 +0000
                Re: VAX MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-08-25 00:56 +0000
                Re: VAX MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-08-31 18:04 +0000
                What is more important MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-09-04 15:23 +0000
                Re: What is more important Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-09-04 10:25 -0700
                Re: What is more important MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-09-04 21:00 +0000
                Re: What is more important BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-09-04 16:54 -0500
                Re: What is more important anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-09-05 15:03 +0000
                Re: What is more important BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-09-05 14:26 -0500
                Re: What is more important BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-09-05 14:38 -0500
                Re: What is more important Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-09-05 21:56 -0400
                Re: What is more important Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-09-10 13:31 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2025-07-30 17:17 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-01 17:16 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-01 18:11 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-01 20:41 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-02 09:07 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-02 23:21 +0000
                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-02 23:10 -0400
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-03 09:14 +0000
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-03 07:41 -0700
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 10:24 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:40 +0000
                Re: VAX John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 08:32 -0700
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 11:47 -0500
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 17:20 +0000
                Re: 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-04 18:17 +0000
                Re: 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:17 +0300
                Re: 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:36 +0000
                Re: 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-04 20:00 +0000
                Re: IBM's 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-04 21:04 +0000
                Re: IBM's 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> - 2025-08-07 07:32 -1000
                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-04 15:40 -0400
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 16:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-31 16:43 -0400
                Re: VAX Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-31 22:26 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-09-01 06:07 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-09-01 06:57 +0000
                Debian on AMD64 (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-09-01 07:40 +0000
                Re: Debian on AMD64 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-09-01 12:15 -0400
                Re: Debian on AMD64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-09-01 11:33 -0500
                Re: Debian on AMD64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-09-01 20:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Marco Moock <mm@dorfdsl.de> - 2025-09-21 16:20 +0200
                Re: VAX Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-21 15:45 +0100
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-09-21 17:54 +0300
                Re: VAX Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-08-04 14:06 -0700
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 00:21 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 21:51 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:38 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:39 +0000
                Re: VAX "Kerr-Mudd, John" <admin@127.0.0.1> - 2025-08-05 09:25 +0100
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-05 17:24 +0200
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-05 15:41 +0000
                System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 07:32 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 15:03 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 16:10 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 18:15 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-13 19:40 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-13 19:25 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 21:23 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-14 07:58 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-14 13:28 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 15:14 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 15:25 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-14 15:32 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 15:44 +0000
                Re: System calls David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-14 19:15 +0200
                Re: System calls Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-14 17:43 +0000
                Re: System calls David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-15 17:49 +0200
                Re: System calls cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 21:44 +0000
                Re: System calls David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-15 17:49 +0200
                Re: System calls cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-15 18:33 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-13 18:51 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 20:28 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-13 19:35 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 00:49 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-06 13:48 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:24 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:41 +0000
                Re: VAX vallor <vallor@cultnix.org> - 2025-08-05 05:56 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-01 20:06 -0700
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-02 03:37 +0000
                Re: VAX ted@loft.tnolan.com (Ted Nolan <tednolan>) - 2025-08-02 04:14 +0000
                Re: VAX "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-08-01 21:35 -0700
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-02 08:07 +0000
                Re: VAX Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-02 01:48 -0700
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:45 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-02 23:08 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-03 16:51 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-04 00:04 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-03 21:07 -0500
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-03 20:39 -0700
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-04 04:50 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 12:35 +0300
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 11:59 -0500
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 12:19 +0300
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 12:09 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 14:51 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 18:28 +0300
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 09:53 -0700
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-04 16:58 +0000
                Re: VAX "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2025-08-05 13:03 -0500
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:03 +0300
                Re: VAX James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2025-08-04 15:25 -0400
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:40 +0300
                Re: VAX "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 12:44 -0700
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 22:21 -0700
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-05 21:25 +0000
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-05 19:14 -0700
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-06 04:31 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-06 11:48 +0300
                Re: VAX James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2025-08-06 11:56 -0400
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-05 21:13 +0000
                Re: VAX James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2025-08-06 11:54 -0400
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 13:58 -0700
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-05 21:08 +0000
                Re: VAX Jakob Bohm <egenagwemdimtapsar@jbohm.dk> - 2025-08-17 20:18 +0200
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-17 22:18 -0700
                Re: VAX Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2025-08-18 08:02 +0100
                Re: VAX David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-18 11:34 +0200
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-18 21:57 -0700
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 15:11 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 19:00 +0300
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 19:04 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-04 22:49 +0200
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 00:14 +0300
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 01:43 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-05 17:31 +0200
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 19:49 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-05 22:17 +0200
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-06 00:21 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-06 16:19 +0200
                3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-06 20:43 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-07 15:15 +0200
                3-way long addition (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-19 05:47 +0000
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-19 07:09 +0000
                Re: 3-way long addition Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-19 12:11 +0200
                Re: 3-way long addition anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-19 17:43 +0000
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-19 17:20 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-19 17:24 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-19 23:03 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-20 10:50 +0200
                Re: 3-way long addition Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-20 14:16 +0300
                Intel ADX (was: 3-way long addition) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-20 14:08 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 18:25 +0300
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 12:56 -0500
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 14:22 +0000
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-04 16:46 +0200
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 15:05 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 18:07 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 15:32 +0000
                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-04 15:09 -0400
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:31 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 20:29 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 00:08 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 21:23 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 06:46 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-05 03:14 -0500
                Re: VAX Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-08-05 11:52 -0700
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-06 05:37 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 06:20 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 12:12 -0500
                I32LP64 vs. ILP64 (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 11:28 +0000
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-06 15:55 +0000
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 12:47 -0500
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 12:00 -0500
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 (was: VAX) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 05:38 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 11:05 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 12:12 -0500
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-06 18:22 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 10:32 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-06 17:25 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-06 12:11 -0700
                Re: individual 64 bits, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-06 19:50 +0000
                Re: individual 64 bits, was VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-06 20:30 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:36 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-07 15:44 +0200
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-07 07:34 -0700
                Re: 64 bits, S/360 was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-07 20:54 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-08 03:51 +0000
                Bit addressing (was: 64 bits) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-07 14:57 +0000
                Re: Bit addressing drb@ihatespam.msu.edu (Dennis Boone) - 2025-08-07 15:54 +0000
                Re: Bit addressing Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-08-07 13:01 -0700
                Re: Bit addressing (was: 64 bits) Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-07 13:34 -0700
                Re: VAX Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2025-08-06 23:12 +0000
                Re: VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-06 23:15 +0000
                Re: VAX Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2025-08-06 23:32 +0000
                Re: word lengths in C, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-07 02:56 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-07 11:21 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-07 13:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:38 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 12:42 +0300
                Re: VAX Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-04 03:32 -0700
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 05:37 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 13:42 +0000
                Re: VAX Andy Burns <usenet@andyburns.uk> - 2025-08-04 16:50 +0100
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:52 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 05:35 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-05 01:31 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-05 13:46 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-05 17:21 +0000
                ILP32 code on 64-bit substrate (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-12 15:28 +0000

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