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Re: System calls (was: VAX)

From cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross)
Newsgroups comp.arch
Subject Re: System calls (was: VAX)
Date 2025-08-14 15:25 +0000
Organization PANIX Public Access Internet and UNIX, NYC
Message-ID <107kv4p$8ks$2@reader1.panix.com> (permalink)
References <0c857b8347f07f3a0ca61c403d0a8711@www.novabbs.com> <107iorb$bnh$1@reader1.panix.com> <2025Aug13.232334@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> <107kuhg$8ks$1@reader1.panix.com>

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In article <107kuhg$8ks$1@reader1.panix.com>,
Dan Cross <cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net> wrote:
>In article <2025Aug13.232334@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>,
>Anton Ertl <anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> wrote:
>>cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) writes:
>>>In article <2025Aug13.181010@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>,
>>>Anton Ertl <anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> wrote:
>>>>For lseek(2):
>>>>
>>>>| Upon successful completion, lseek() returns the resulting offset
>>>>| location as measured in bytes from the beginning of the file.
>>>>
>>>>Given that off_t is signed, lseek(2) can only return positive values.
>>>
>>>This is incorrect; or rather, it's accidentally correct now, but
>>>was not previously.  The 1990 POSIX standard did not explicitly
>>>forbid a file that was so large that the offset couldn't
>>>overflow, hence why in 1990 POSIX you have to be careful about
>>>error handling when using `lseek`.
>>>
>>>It is true that POSIX 2024 _does_ prohibit seeking so far that
>>>the offset would become negative, however.
>>
>>I don't think that this is accidental.  In 1990 signed overlow had
>>reliable behaviour on common 2s-complement hardware with the C
>>compilers of the day.
>
>This is simply not true.  If anything, there was more variety of
>hardware supported by C90, and some of those systems were 1's
>complement or sign/mag, not 2's complement.  Consequently,
>signed integer overflow has _always_ had undefined behavior in
>ANSI/ISO C.
>
>However, conversion from signed to unsigned has always been
>well-defined, and follows effectively 2's complement semantics.
>
>Conversion from unsigned to signed is a bit more complex, and is
>implementation defined, but not UB.  Given that the system call
>interface is necessarily deeply intwined with the implementation
>I see no reason why the semantics of signed overflow should be
>an issue here.
>
>>Nowadays the exotic hardware where this would
>>not work that way has almost completely died out (and C is not used on
>>the remaining exotic hardware),
>
>If by "C is not used" you mean newer editions of the C standard
>are not used on very old computers with strange representations
>of signed integers, then maybe.
>
>>but now compilers sometimes do funny
>>things on integer overflow, so better don't go there or anywhere near
>>it.
>
>This isn't about signed overflow.  The issue here is conversion
>of an unsigned value to signed; almost certainly, the kernel
>performs the calculation of the actual file offset using
>unsigned arithmetic, and relies on the (assembler, mind you)
>system call stubs to map those to the appropriate userspace
>type.
>
>I think this is mostly irrelevant, as the system call stub,
>almost by necessity, must be written in assembler in order to
>have percise control over the use of specific registers and so
>on.  From C's perspective, a program making a system call just
>calls some function that's defined to return a signed integer;
>the assembler code that swizzles the register that integer will
>be extracted from sets things up accordingly.  In other words,
>the conversion operation that the C standard mentions isn't at
>play, since the code that does the "conversion" is in assembly.
>Again from C's perspective the return value of the syscall stub
>function is already signed with no need of conversion.
>
>No, for `lseek`, the POSIX rationale explains the reasoning here
>quite clearly: the 1990 standard permitted negative offsets, and
>programs were expected to accommodate this by special handling
>of `errno` before and after calls to `lseek` that returned
>negative values.  This was deemed onerous and fragile, so they
>modified the standard to prohibit calls that would result in
>negative offsets.
>
>>>But, POSIX 2024
>>>(still!!) supports multiple definitions of `off_t` for multiple
>>>environments, in which overflow is potentially unavoidable.
>>
>>POSIX also has the EOVERFLOW error for exactly that case.
>>
>>Bottom line: The off_t returned by lseek(2) is signed and always
>>positive.
>
>As I said earlier, post POSIX.1-1990, this is true.
>
>>>>For mmap(2):
>>>>
>>>>| On success, mmap() returns a pointer to the mapped area.
>>>>
>>>>So it's up to the kernel which user-level addresses it returns.  E.g.,
>>>>32-bit Linux originally only produced user-level addresses below 2GB.
>>>>When memories grew larger, on some architectures (e.g., i386) Linux
>>>>increased that to 3GB.
>>>
>>>The point is that the programmer shouldn't have to care.
>>
>>True, but completely misses the point.
>
>I don't see why.  You were talking about the system call stubs,
>which run in userspace, and are responsbile for setting up state
>so that the kernel can perform some requested action on entry,
>whether by trap, call gate, or special instruction, and then for
>tearing down that state and handling errors on return from the
>kernel.
>
>For mmap, there is exactly one value that may be returned from
>the its stub that indicates an error; any other value, by
>definition, represents a valid mapping.  Whether such a mapping
>falls in the first 2G, 3G, anything except the upper 256MiB, or
>some hole in the middle is the part that's irrelevant, and
>focusing on that misses the main point: all the stub has to do
>is detect the error, using whatever convetion the kernel
>specifies for communicating such things back to the program, and
>ensure that in an error case, MAP_FAILED is returned from the
>stub and `errno` is set appropriately.  Everything else is
>superfluous.
>
>>>>Sure, but system calls are first introduced in real kernels using the
>>>>actual system call interface, and are limited by that interface.  And
>>>>that interface is remarkably similar between the early days of Unix
>>>>and recent Linux kernels for various architectures.
>>>
>>>Not precisely.  On x86_64, for example, some Unixes use a flag
>>>bit to determine whether the system call failed, and return
>>>(positive) errno values; Linux returns negative numbers to
>>>indicate errors, and constrains those to values between -4095
>>>and -1.
>>>
>>>Presumably that specific set of values is constrained by `mmap`:
>>>assuming a minimum 4KiB page size, the last architecturally
>>>valid address where a page _could_ be mapped is equivalent to
>>>-4096 and the first is 0.  If they did not have that constraint,
>>>they'd have to treat `mmap` specially in the system call path.
>>
>>I am pretty sure that in the old times, Linux-i386 indicated failure
>>by returning a value with the MSB set, and the wrapper just checked
>>whether the return value was negative.  And for mmap() that worked
>>because user-mode addresses were all below 2GB.  Addresses furthere up
>>where reserved for the kernel.
>
>Define "Linux-i386" in this case.  For the kernel, I'm confident
>that was NOT the case, and it is easy enough to research, since
>old kernel versions are online.  Looking at e.g. 0.99.15, one
>can see that they set the carry bit in the flags register to
>indicate an error, along with returning a negative errno value:
>https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nico/archive/+/refs/tags/v0.99.15/kernel/sys_call.S
>
>By 2.0, they'd stopped setting the carry bit, though they
>continued to clear it on entry.
>
>But remember, `mmap` returns a pointer, not an integer, relying
>on libc to do the necessary translation between whatever the
>kernel returns and what the program expects.  So if the behavior
>you describe where anywhere, it would be in libc.  Given that
>they have, and had, a mechanism for signaling an error
>independent of C already, and necessarily the fixup of the
>return value must happen in the syscall stub in whatever library
>the system used, relying soley on negative values to detect
>errors seems like a poor design decision ifor a C library.
>
>So if what you're saying were true, such a check wuld have to
>be in the userspace library that provides the syscall stubs; the
>kernel really doesn't care.  I don't know what version libc
>Torvalds started with, or if he did his own bespoke thing
>initially or something, but looking at some commonly used C
>libraries of a certain age, such as glibc 2.0 from 1997-ish, one
>can see that they're explicitly testing the error status against
>-4095 (as an unsigned value) in the stub. (e.g., in
>sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/syscall.S).
>
>But glibc-1.06.1 is a different story, and _does_ appear to
>simply test whether the return value is negative and then jump
>to an error handler if so.  So mmap may have worked incidentally
>due to the restriction on where in the address space it would
>place a mapping in very early kernel versions, as you described,
>but that's a library issue, not a kernel issue: again, the
>kernel doesn't care.
>
>The old version of libc5 available on kernel.org similarly; it
>looks like HJ Lu changed the error handling path to explicitly
>compare against -4095 in October of 1996.
>
>So, fixed in the most common libc's used with Linux on i386 for
>nearly 30 years, well before the existence of x86_64.
>
>>>>I wonder how the kernel is informed that it can now return more
>>>>addresses from mmap().
>>>
>>>Assuming you mean the Linux kernel, when it loads an ELF
>>>executable, the binary image itself is "branded" with an ABI
>>>type that it can use to make that determination.
>>
>>I have checked that with binaries compiled in 2003 and 2000:
>>
>>-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 44660 Sep 26  2000 /usr/local/bin/gforth-0.5.0*
>>-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 92352 Sep  7  2003 /usr/local/bin/gforth-0.6.2*
>>
>>[~:160080] file /usr/local/bin/gforth-0.5.0
>>/usr/local/bin/gforth-0.5.0: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux.so.2, stripped
>>[~:160081] file /usr/local/bin/gforth-0.6.2
>>/usr/local/bin/gforth-0.6.2: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux.so.2, for
>>GNU/Linux 2.0.0, stripped
>>
>>So there is actually a difference between these two.  However, if I
>>just strace them as they are now, they both happily produce very high
>>addresses with mmap, e.g.,
>>
>>mmap2(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xf7f64000
>
>I don't see any reason why it wouldn't.
>
>>I don't know what the difference is between "for GNU/Linux 2.0.0" and
>>not having that,
>
>`file` is pulling that from a `PT_NOTE` segment defined in the
>program header for that second file.  A better tool for picking
>apart the details of those binaries is probably `objdump`.
>
>I'm mildly curious what version of libc those are linked against
>(e.g., as reported by `ldd`).
>
>>but the addresses produced by mmap() seem unaffected.
>
>I don't see why it would be.  Any common libc post 1997-ish
>handles errors in a way that permits this to work correctly.  If
>you tried glibc 1.0, it might be a different story, but the
>Linux folks forked that in 1994 and modified it as "Linux libc"
>and the 

...and the Linux folks changed this to the present mechanism in
1996.

(Sorry 'bout that.)

>>However, by calling the binaries with setarch -L, mmap() returns only
>>addresses < 2GB in all calls I have looked at.  I guess if I had
>>statically linked binaries, i.e., with old system call wrappers, I
>>would have to use
>>
>>setarch -L <binary>
>>
>>to make it work properly with mmap().  Or maybe Linux is smart enough
>>to do it by itself when it encounters a statically-linked old binary.
>
>Unclear without looking at the kernel source code, but possibly.
>`setarch -L` turns on the "legacy" virtual address space layout,
>but I suspect that the number of binaries that _actually care_
>is pretty small, indeed.

	- Dan C.


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                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-02 23:10 -0400
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                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-03 07:41 -0700
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                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:40 +0000
                Re: VAX John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 08:32 -0700
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 11:47 -0500
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 17:20 +0000
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                Re: 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:36 +0000
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                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-04 15:40 -0400
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 16:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-31 16:43 -0400
                Re: VAX Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-31 22:26 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-09-01 06:07 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-09-01 06:57 +0000
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                Re: Debian on AMD64 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-09-01 12:15 -0400
                Re: Debian on AMD64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-09-01 11:33 -0500
                Re: Debian on AMD64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-09-01 20:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Marco Moock <mm@dorfdsl.de> - 2025-09-21 16:20 +0200
                Re: VAX Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-21 15:45 +0100
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-09-21 17:54 +0300
                Re: VAX Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-08-04 14:06 -0700
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 00:21 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 21:51 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:38 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:39 +0000
                Re: VAX "Kerr-Mudd, John" <admin@127.0.0.1> - 2025-08-05 09:25 +0100
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-05 17:24 +0200
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-05 15:41 +0000
                System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 07:32 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 15:03 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 16:10 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 18:15 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-13 19:40 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-13 19:25 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 21:23 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-14 07:58 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-14 13:28 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 15:14 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 15:25 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-14 15:32 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 15:44 +0000
                Re: System calls David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-14 19:15 +0200
                Re: System calls Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-14 17:43 +0000
                Re: System calls David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-15 17:49 +0200
                Re: System calls cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 21:44 +0000
                Re: System calls David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-15 17:49 +0200
                Re: System calls cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-15 18:33 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-13 18:51 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 20:28 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-13 19:35 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 00:49 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-06 13:48 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:24 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:41 +0000
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                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:45 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-02 23:08 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-03 16:51 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-04 00:04 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-03 21:07 -0500
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-03 20:39 -0700
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                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 11:59 -0500
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 12:19 +0300
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 12:09 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 14:51 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 18:28 +0300
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 09:53 -0700
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-04 16:58 +0000
                Re: VAX "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2025-08-05 13:03 -0500
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:03 +0300
                Re: VAX James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2025-08-04 15:25 -0400
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:40 +0300
                Re: VAX "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 12:44 -0700
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 22:21 -0700
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-05 21:25 +0000
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-05 19:14 -0700
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-06 04:31 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-06 11:48 +0300
                Re: VAX James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2025-08-06 11:56 -0400
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-05 21:13 +0000
                Re: VAX James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2025-08-06 11:54 -0400
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 13:58 -0700
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-05 21:08 +0000
                Re: VAX Jakob Bohm <egenagwemdimtapsar@jbohm.dk> - 2025-08-17 20:18 +0200
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-17 22:18 -0700
                Re: VAX Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2025-08-18 08:02 +0100
                Re: VAX David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-18 11:34 +0200
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-18 21:57 -0700
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 15:11 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 19:00 +0300
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 19:04 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-04 22:49 +0200
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 00:14 +0300
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 01:43 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-05 17:31 +0200
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 19:49 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-05 22:17 +0200
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-06 00:21 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-06 16:19 +0200
                3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-06 20:43 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-07 15:15 +0200
                3-way long addition (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-19 05:47 +0000
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-19 07:09 +0000
                Re: 3-way long addition Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-19 12:11 +0200
                Re: 3-way long addition anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-19 17:43 +0000
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-19 17:20 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-19 17:24 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-19 23:03 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-20 10:50 +0200
                Re: 3-way long addition Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-20 14:16 +0300
                Intel ADX (was: 3-way long addition) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-20 14:08 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 18:25 +0300
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 12:56 -0500
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 14:22 +0000
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-04 16:46 +0200
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 15:05 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 18:07 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 15:32 +0000
                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-04 15:09 -0400
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:31 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 20:29 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 00:08 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 21:23 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 06:46 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-05 03:14 -0500
                Re: VAX Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-08-05 11:52 -0700
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-06 05:37 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 06:20 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 12:12 -0500
                I32LP64 vs. ILP64 (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 11:28 +0000
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-06 15:55 +0000
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 12:47 -0500
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 12:00 -0500
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 (was: VAX) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 05:38 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 11:05 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 12:12 -0500
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-06 18:22 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 10:32 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-06 17:25 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-06 12:11 -0700
                Re: individual 64 bits, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-06 19:50 +0000
                Re: individual 64 bits, was VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-06 20:30 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:36 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-07 15:44 +0200
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-07 07:34 -0700
                Re: 64 bits, S/360 was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-07 20:54 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-08 03:51 +0000
                Bit addressing (was: 64 bits) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-07 14:57 +0000
                Re: Bit addressing drb@ihatespam.msu.edu (Dennis Boone) - 2025-08-07 15:54 +0000
                Re: Bit addressing Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-08-07 13:01 -0700
                Re: Bit addressing (was: 64 bits) Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-07 13:34 -0700
                Re: VAX Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2025-08-06 23:12 +0000
                Re: VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-06 23:15 +0000
                Re: VAX Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2025-08-06 23:32 +0000
                Re: word lengths in C, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-07 02:56 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-07 11:21 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-07 13:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:38 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 12:42 +0300
                Re: VAX Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-04 03:32 -0700
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 05:37 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 13:42 +0000
                Re: VAX Andy Burns <usenet@andyburns.uk> - 2025-08-04 16:50 +0100
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:52 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 05:35 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-05 01:31 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-05 13:46 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-05 17:21 +0000
                ILP32 code on 64-bit substrate (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-12 15:28 +0000
                Re: ILP32 code on 64-bit substrate (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-12 16:08 +0000
                Re: ILP32 code on 64-bit substrate BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-12 11:53 -0500
                Re: ILP32 code on 64-bit substrate aph@littlepinkcloud.invalid - 2025-08-12 17:57 +0000
                Re: ILP32 code on 64-bit substrate John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-12 19:09 +0000
                Re: ILP32 code on 64-bit substrate OrangeFish <OrangeFish@invalid.invalid> - 2025-08-15 11:42 -0400
                Re: ILP32 code on 64-bit substrate anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 06:11 +0000
                Re: ILP32 code on 64-bit substrate scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 14:24 +0000
                Re: ILP32 code on 64-bit substrate anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 18:13 +0000
              Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-02 09:28 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-02 15:29 +0000
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-02 15:33 -0700
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-02 23:17 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-02 23:20 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 17:23 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-04 18:16 +0000
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-04 14:39 -0400
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-04 19:59 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 18:59 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:12 +0300
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-04 20:13 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 23:54 +0300
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-04 14:41 -0700
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 17:18 -0500
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:53 +0000
                Re: VAX "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2025-08-05 13:04 -0500
                O.T. Where is Mitch? Was: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-07 23:48 +0300
                Re: O.T. Where is Mitch? Was: VAX "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2025-08-07 16:01 -0500
                Re: O.T. Where is Mitch? Was: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-08 01:41 -0500
                Re: O.T. Where is Mitch? Was: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-08 11:58 +0200
                Re: O.T. Where is Mitch? Was: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-08 13:20 +0300
                Re: O.T. Where is Mitch? Was: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-08 14:22 +0000
                Re: O.T. Where is Mitch? Was: VAX Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-08-08 18:34 +0300
                Re: O.T. Where is Mitch? Was: VAX George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-08-08 19:07 -0400
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-05 21:01 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 00:59 +0000
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-05 20:15 -0700
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-06 05:50 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 07:28 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-06 10:48 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-06 16:35 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-08 01:57 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 08:28 -0700
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:45 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Charlie Gibbs <cgibbs@kltpzyxm.invalid> - 2025-08-07 01:49 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2025-08-07 08:28 -0700
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 09:37 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 08:22 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 14:26 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 17:50 +0000
                Re: VAX drb@ihatespam.msu.edu (Dennis Boone) - 2025-08-14 17:12 +0000
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-14 15:22 -0400
                Re: VAX Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-14 12:59 -0700
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 14:44 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 17:46 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) ted@loft.tnolan.com (Ted Nolan <tednolan>) - 2025-08-13 18:26 +0000
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-13 12:09 -0700
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:47 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-05 13:58 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 16:47 +0000
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-06 12:12 -0700
                Re: VAX Charlie Gibbs <cgibbs@kltpzyxm.invalid> - 2025-08-07 01:36 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-07 05:29 +0000
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-07 07:26 -0700
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-08 03:57 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-08 11:43 +0300
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 14:00 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-06 10:20 -0700
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Robert Swindells <rjs@fdy2.co.uk> - 2025-08-06 22:30 +0000
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-06 20:21 -0400
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-07 02:22 +0000
                Re: VAX John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2025-08-07 08:38 -0700
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-07 17:52 +0200
                Re: VAX George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-08-07 21:53 -0400
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-08 06:16 +0000
                Re: VAX George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-08-08 19:48 -0400
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-07 10:27 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-07 11:06 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-04 12:27 -0700
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:46 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 16:21 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:43 +0000
            Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-01 23:41 +0000
              Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-03 16:42 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-05 00:55 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-05 05:44 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-12 15:02 +0000
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-13 14:40 -0400
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-15 03:20 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-15 15:10 +0000
                Re: VAX pages John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-15 16:53 +0000
                Re: VAX pages BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-15 13:19 -0500
                Re: VAX pages Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-08-15 12:03 -0700
                Re: VAX pages scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-15 19:19 +0000
                Re: VAX and other pages John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-15 20:40 +0000
                Re: VAX and other pages anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-15 21:22 +0000
                Re: VAX and other pages John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-16 01:22 +0000
                Re: VAX and other pages anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-16 05:09 +0000
                Re: VAX and other pages Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-08-16 10:00 -0700
                Re: VAX and other pages John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-16 17:06 +0000
                Re: VAX and other pages antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-20 01:49 +0000
                Re: VAX and other pages John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-20 02:49 +0000
                Re: VAX pages BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-16 03:17 -0500
        Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-07-31 04:26 +0000
          Re: VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-07-31 16:05 +0000
            Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-07-31 19:01 +0000
              Re: VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-07-31 19:57 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-07-31 21:24 +0000
            Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-01 02:18 +0000
              Re: VAX encoding John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-01 15:30 +0000
                Re: VAX encoding antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-01 18:08 +0000
                Re: VAX encoding scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-01 18:33 +0000
                Re: VAX encoding antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-01 21:24 +0000
                Re: VAX encoding Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-01 19:13 +0000
                Re: VAX encoding MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-08-28 15:10 +0000
                Re: VAX encoding EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-29 10:34 -0400
              Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-02 09:02 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-05 01:43 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-05 05:48 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-05 14:13 +0000
                Re: VAX George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-08-05 17:41 -0400
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-06 10:23 -0400
                Re: VAX George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-08-08 21:43 -0400
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-05 13:56 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-05 16:44 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-06 05:53 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-06 11:10 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-06 20:06 +0000
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-06 17:00 -0400
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-06 21:14 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-07 11:59 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-07 15:03 +0000
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-06 17:57 -0400
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-07 11:29 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-07 11:38 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-16 15:26 -0500
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-17 06:16 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-17 11:29 -0500
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-17 10:00 -0400
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-17 15:21 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-17 19:10 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-17 15:08 -0500
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-18 11:03 -0400
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-18 15:35 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-18 17:19 +0000
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-20 14:36 -0400
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-20 16:41 -0400
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-21 16:21 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-17 12:53 -0500
                Re: VAX Robert Swindells <rjs@fdy2.co.uk> - 2025-08-06 23:43 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-07 10:47 +0000
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-08 10:08 -0400
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-09 08:07 +0000
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-09 10:03 -0400
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-09 20:54 +0000
                Re: VAX Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-09 14:57 -0700
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-13 14:18 -0400
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-13 20:23 +0000
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-17 13:35 -0400
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-17 18:56 -0500
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-20 19:17 -0400
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-20 23:50 -0500
                Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-06 20:41 -0400
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-07 11:16 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-09 09:04 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-09 10:00 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-10 12:06 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-10 15:18 +0000
                Re: byte me, PDP-10 edition, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-10 19:55 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-11 08:17 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-11 14:51 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-11 17:27 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-10 21:01 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-13 11:25 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-15 05:07 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-15 12:57 +0000
                Re: VAX Robert Swindells <rjs@fdy2.co.uk> - 2025-08-15 13:36 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-18 05:48 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-05 20:34 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-12 15:59 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-20 03:47 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-21 19:26 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-22 16:36 +0000
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-22 17:21 +0000
                Re: VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-22 16:45 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-23 16:38 +0000
                Re: 360/91, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-23 19:36 +0000
          Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-01 17:25 +0000
          Re: VAX MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-08-27 00:56 +0000
            Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-28 07:49 +0000
        Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-08-27 00:35 +0000
          Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-27 05:12 +0000
            Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-27 10:56 -0400
              Re: VAX EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-08-28 13:39 -0400
          Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-27 17:19 +0000

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