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Groups > sci.physics.relativity > #375810

A Short Essay on Time and Clocks

From HGW <hw@...>
Newsgroups sci.physics.relativity
Subject A Short Essay on Time and Clocks
Date 2016-02-09 12:27 +1100
Organization Aioe.org NNTP Server
Message-ID <n9bf9h$1nvm$1@gioia.aioe.org> (permalink)

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We humans are one of the few animals on Earth that recognizes the 
fundamental requirement for change that we refer to as the dimension of 
TIME. We are inclined to regard time as an axis along which we are 
moving at a seemingly constant speed and in one direction...but that is 
not a correct description because movement itself is expressed in terms 
of time. We possess a concept of a 'future' because we can recall that A 
has always followed B and so when B occurs, we can anticipate A. We are 
aware of causality and that events occur in 'sequence'. The concept of 
'future' is based on expectancy and never actually exists, except as an 
obscure mental concept. It is far from being obvious, and most lifeforms 
on this planet, including many humans, live almost entirely in the 
present.

Every human body is equipped with a rudimentary 'biological sensor' that 
provides an estimate of the amount of time between two events but 
because those estimates are very poor at best, some of our enlightened 
ancestors saw a need for more reliable ways to determine the time of 
day. The sun's regular movement was the obvious starting point because 
it was about the only option. However, because daylight hours varied so 
widely with the seasons and were far too long for practical situations 
anyway, ways were soon sought to divide the time interval defined by 
each day into fractions...a fundamentally difficult exercise since 
neither end is ever available. Shadows of the sun cast by vertical poles 
and sundials were useful and stone circles like Stonehenge in England 
are probably relics of early and quite sophisticated attempts to divide 
days and years into smaller units. (Another Wilson discovery).

Observations of swinging pendulums led to an understanding of 
periodicity and then to a realization that each cycle of any regular 
oscillator defines a short and repeatable interval of time. The counting 
of such cycles is therefore a convenient way to measure longer time 
intervals. Traditionally, the majority of man-made clocks has consisted 
of an oscillator, a device that counts its cycles and a means of 
displaying the running total in a convenient way. During the long 
history of mechanical clock development, the principle aim has been to 
minimize oscillator period and maximize its stability. Steady 
improvements in accuracy, particularly with the use of spiral springs, 
allowed the measurement of shorter and shorter time intervals and hence 
faster speeds, such as those of trains, horses, sound and even planets, 
which were the fastest of common interest even two hundred years ago. A 
major breakthrough came with the advent of electricity where LC feedback 
circuits provided very short and reasonably stable oscillator cycles. 
That stability was again improved dramatically by the use of 
pieze-electric crystals such as quartz, where distortion of the crystal 
creates a voltage that is amplified and positively fed back to reinforce 
the distortion itself. More recently, microwave absorption by atomic 
nucleii has provided claimed timing accuracies of as 1 part in 10^-16 
seconds.

When Ole Roemer, in the 17th century showed that light took a finite 
time to travel between two points and that its speed was exceptionally 
fast, a whole new challenge had been issued to clock makers to produce 
instruments with much greater resolution and stability. During the 
latter half of the 19th century, the transmission of light through space 
was a hot topic and there were many attempts to measure the Earth's 
speed through the absolute medium that was believed to be the carrier. 
In 1850, Fizeau and Foucault performed an ingenious and reasonably 
accurate two-way light speed experiment using a mirror and a spinning 
toothed wheel that needed only one clock. It reinforced the view that 
light took time to travel, although their determined value for light 
speed was quite different from Roemer's. It was understood that the 
two-way value so determined should vary with the Earth's movement 
through the aether and that such variations might be measurable, not 
with clocks but with interferometry. Also, the size of the variations 
should be dependent on the direction of the beam used relative to the 
earth's absolute speed through the Aether.

If a TWLS experiment is carried out parallel to that movement, a light 
pulse will take times L/(c+v) one way and L/(c-v), the other. The total 
time is 2Lc/(c^2-v^2) or 2L/(c-(v^2/c)). (if v=300m/sec, that time 
differs from 2L/c by 1 part in 10^12)

On the other hand, if the experiment is carried out perpendicular to the 
Earth's absolute movement, certain assumptions had to be made about 
light emitted by a moving spherical source, in particular, from a point. 
According to aether theory, light emanating from such a source will move 
symmetrically outward from its instananeous absolute point of emission. 
See for instance: http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/doppler/doppler.html

If a narrow beam of vertical light is produced by positioning a 
spherical source below two separated pinholes, the actual section of the 
wavefront that passes through the holes is not vertical relative to the 
absolute frame but is the one which moves diagonally at absolute speed c 
and at the angle arctan(v/c), where v is the source's horizontal speed 
through the supposed aether. If the beam is reflected by a flat mirror 
back to the source through the same pinholes, the travel time of a point 
in the beam is 2h/(c^2-v^2), where h is the vertical distance between 
source and mirror.

A 'light clock' is a device that operates on the principle whereby a 
brief light pulse is projected vertically towards a mirror and then 
reflected back again, immediately triggering a similar pulse on arrival 
...and so on...creating continuous cycles that can be counted. As 
before, if an aether existed, the period of each cycle would depend on 
the clock's absolute speed. Thus, if a vertical light clock was 
positioned at the Earth's equator, it would be theoretically possible to 
use it to measure variations in its absolute speed. Because no clocks at 
that era could possibly resolve such small differences in time, Albert 
Michelson, Edward Morley and others devised and experimented with a 
number of ingenious interferometers that effectively combined two light 
clocks at right angles and could theoretically perform such a task. As 
we know, the results were all null, causing Fitzgerald and Lorentz to 
propose that both length and time contracted with absolute speed such 
that the latter was inherently undetectable.

Albert Einstein, who was apparently very poor at both geometry and 
logic, quietly concocted the wild idea that those WHOLLY EXPECTED 
variations in a vertical light clock's period were an indication that 
TIME itself was somehow affected by the clock's absolute movement. He 
also considered the horizontal light clock configuration along with the 
misguided theory developed by Lorentz, that light speed will always be 
measured as having the same value c.  Accordingly, because the period of 
such a clock would vary as 2L/(c-(v^2/c)) rather than remain at 2L/c, he 
put forward the equally ridiculous proposal that the synchronization 
between two clocks located at the source and 'mirror' would be frame 
dependent, since, as correctly set, they would measure the one-way speed 
of the pulses to be c+v and c-v....WHICH WAS EXACTLY AS EXPECTED!

__ __

       ->
__ __
   S









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A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-09 12:27 +1100
  Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Sylvia Else <sylvia@not.at.this.address> - 2016-02-09 13:22 +1100
    Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-08 23:03 -0800
      Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks rotchm <rotchm@gmail.com> - 2016-02-09 08:01 -0800
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-09 18:43 +0100
    Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-09 19:42 +1100
  Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks rotchm <rotchm@gmail.com> - 2016-02-09 08:19 -0800
    Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Heiðr Einherjar <einherjar@notformail.org> - 2016-02-09 16:52 +0000
      Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks rotchm <rotchm@gmail.com> - 2016-02-09 12:34 -0800
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-10 08:52 +1100
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Heiðr Einherjar <einherjar@notformail.org> - 2016-02-10 15:15 +0000
    Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Tom Roberts <tjroberts137@sbcglobal.net> - 2016-02-09 11:02 -0600
      Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks rotchm <rotchm@gmail.com> - 2016-02-09 12:40 -0800
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-09 22:06 +0100
          Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks rotchm <rotchm@gmail.com> - 2016-02-09 13:43 -0800
            Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-09 23:33 -0800
              Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks rotchm <rotchm@gmail.com> - 2016-02-10 08:02 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-10 18:22 +0100
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-10 09:06 +1100
          Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks rotchm <rotchm@gmail.com> - 2016-02-09 20:02 -0800
            Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-10 20:05 +1100
              Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-10 01:08 -0800
              Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-10 04:51 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Muddy Shoes <shoes@muddyshoes.org> - 2016-02-10 22:50 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks oriel36 <kelleher.gerald@gmail.com> - 2016-02-10 15:13 -0800
      Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Koobee Wublee <koobee.wublee@gmail.com> - 2016-02-10 00:17 -0800
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks rotchm <rotchm@gmail.com> - 2016-02-10 08:09 -0800
      Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Muddy Shoes <shoes@muddyshoes.org> - 2016-02-10 22:54 +0000
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Odd Bodkin <bodkinodd@gmail.com> - 2016-02-10 17:15 -0600
          Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Muddy Shoes <shoes@muddyshoes.org> - 2016-02-10 23:58 +0000
          Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-10 22:58 -0800
            Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-11 05:18 -0800
              Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Muddy Shoes <shoes@muddyshoes.org> - 2016-02-11 13:30 +0000
              Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Muddy Shoes <shoes@muddyshoes.org> - 2016-02-11 13:31 +0000
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Thomas 'PointedEars' Lahn <PointedEars@web.de> - 2016-02-11 00:31 +0100
  Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks John Gogo <jfgogo22@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-09 20:23 -0800
  Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks John Gogo <jfgogo22@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-09 20:24 -0800
    Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks John Gogo <jfgogo22@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-09 20:27 -0800
      Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-10 20:07 +1100
  Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Tom Roberts <tjroberts137@sbcglobal.net> - 2016-02-13 09:41 -0600
    Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-14 10:06 +0100
      Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-14 04:51 -0800
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-14 15:53 +0100
          Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks paparios <paparios@gmail.com> - 2016-02-14 08:16 -0800
            Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks David Waite <waitedavid1618@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-14 08:26 -0800
              Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-14 17:46 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks David Waite <waitedavid1618@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-14 08:50 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-15 18:40 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-17 09:18 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-16 23:08 -0800
            Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-14 17:48 +0100
              Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks paparios <paparios@gmail.com> - 2016-02-14 10:02 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Céline Desirée Hedwig <celinedh@bernhardine.org> - 2016-02-14 20:54 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks paparios <paparios@gmail.com> - 2016-02-14 18:07 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Monique de Brabant <moniqb@cafedelmar.org> - 2016-02-16 15:30 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks John Gogo <jfgogo22@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-16 23:57 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-17 00:09 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks John Gogo <jfgogo22@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-17 00:44 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-19 08:08 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-18 16:45 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-19 19:57 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-19 11:34 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-20 08:42 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-19 06:55 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-20 07:23 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-21 10:22 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-21 05:17 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-21 19:50 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-22 07:03 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-23 20:09 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-23 05:33 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-23 05:57 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-15 18:43 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Céline Desirée Hedwig <celinedh@bernhardine.org> - 2016-02-15 17:48 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-15 16:32 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-16 02:36 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks paparios <paparios@gmail.com> - 2016-02-16 03:29 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-16 04:15 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks paparios <paparios@gmail.com> - 2016-02-16 05:11 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-16 05:47 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-16 05:15 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-16 05:39 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-16 06:55 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-16 07:01 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-16 07:44 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Monique de Brabant <moniqb@cafedelmar.org> - 2016-02-16 15:47 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-16 18:12 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks paparios <paparios@gmail.com> - 2016-02-16 09:27 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-16 18:54 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-16 10:27 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-16 20:09 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-16 11:26 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Maciej Woźniak <mlwozniak@wp.pl> - 2016-02-16 20:31 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Monique de Brabant <moniqb@cafedelmar.org> - 2016-02-16 21:01 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Monique de Brabant <moniqb@cafedelmar.org> - 2016-02-16 15:35 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-16 07:43 -0800
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Celine Desiree Hedwig <celinedh@bernhardine.org> - 2016-02-14 20:50 +0000
    Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-16 13:44 -0800
    Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-16 22:59 +0000
      Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-16 19:33 -0800
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-17 09:26 +0000
          Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-17 18:38 -0800
      Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-17 07:34 -0800
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-17 17:49 +0000
          Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-17 13:07 -0800
            Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-18 16:11 +0000
              Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-18 08:29 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-20 09:06 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-20 11:53 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-21 10:38 +0000
      Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Monique de Brabant <moniqb@cafedelmar.org> - 2016-02-17 18:43 +0000
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-18 11:38 +0100
          Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Monique de Brabant <moniqb@cafedelmar.org> - 2016-02-18 15:40 +0000
          Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-18 16:13 +0000
            Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-18 23:17 +0100
              Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-19 19:54 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-19 11:30 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks mlwozniak@wp.pl - 2016-02-19 02:36 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Gary Harnagel <hitlong@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-19 05:43 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-20 09:11 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-20 12:06 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-20 18:46 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Stzepan Zdrobněliny <stzepan282@guadalajara.org> - 2016-02-20 19:02 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-21 08:51 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-21 09:26 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-21 10:46 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-21 12:49 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-02-21 20:06 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-21 23:13 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-23 20:06 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-23 12:01 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Tom Roberts <tjroberts137@sbcglobal.net> - 2016-02-23 10:08 -0600
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-23 20:10 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-24 09:36 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-23 20:14 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-24 09:39 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Stzepan Zdrobněliny <stzepan282@guadalajara.org> - 2016-02-23 23:03 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Henry Wilson <HGW@home.com> - 2016-03-02 09:31 +0000
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-24 09:31 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks David Fuller <fuller.david@hotmail.com> - 2016-02-23 17:43 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks John Gogo <jfgogo22@yahoo.com> - 2016-02-23 18:29 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-24 10:03 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-25 20:08 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-25 16:40 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-26 08:16 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-26 10:19 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-27 08:21 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-27 09:40 +0100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-28 10:00 +1100
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks "Paul B. Andersen" <relativity@paulba.no> - 2016-02-28 09:37 +0100
            Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks Odd Bodkin <bodkinodd@gmail.com> - 2016-02-22 08:28 -0600
      Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-21 05:57 -0800
        Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-23 20:11 +1100
          Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-23 05:37 -0800
          Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-23 05:40 -0800
            Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-24 09:42 +1100
              Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks kenseto <setoken@att.net> - 2016-02-23 15:15 -0800
                Re: A Short Essay on Time and Clocks HGW <hw@...> - 2016-02-25 20:13 +1100

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