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Groups > comp.lang.forth > #38233
| From | rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> |
|---|---|
| Newsgroups | comp.lang.forth |
| Subject | Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? |
| Date | 2015-04-16 14:28 -0400 |
| Organization | A noiseless patient Spider |
| Message-ID | <mgouv1$c3p$1@dont-email.me> (permalink) |
| References | (1 earlier) <2015Apr13.143244@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> <mghs3n$3ri$1@dont-email.me> <49f42008-cbf4-4c2c-9d0e-9c1062840aea@googlegroups.com> <4840e597-087e-4a8a-8ea1-ca41481f1ce7@googlegroups.com> <e4f6a038-6fab-4a30-bcdf-af9cf9a8ac79@googlegroups.com> |
On 4/16/2015 4:12 AM, Mark Wills wrote:
> On Wednesday, 15 April 2015 22:18:58 UTC+1, lehs wrote:
>> Those locals would facilitate for c-programmers to use Forth. How efficient is it?
>
> Hi Lehs
>
> I would say they are "quite efficient". Basically, at runtime, your locals are loaded into an array. Reading and writing from/to the locals is a case of taking the base address of the locals (i.e. the address of the top of the locals stack), adding an offset, and performing the read or write.
>
> The following code:
>
> : TEST ( -- )
> LOCALS{ n }
> 99 set n
> n .
> ;
>
> Produces the following code:
>
> DOCOL \ standard forth word nest
> 1 (allotLocals) \ reserve space for 1 local on the locals stack
> 99 0 (set) \ write 99 to the first local (n)
> 0 @local \ fetch it back (it's now on the stack)
> dot \ display it
> 1 (freeLocals) \ clean up locals stack
> exit \ return to calling word
>
> So, you can see, for a colon def that contains a local(s), there
> is a call to (allotLocals) and (freeLocals), and other than that
> there is just the call to (set) and @local as you read and write
> your locals.
>
> In my implementation, (set) and @local are written in high-level
> Forth. They are simply:
>
> : (SET) ( value offset -- )
> \ at runtime, set a local variable to to value value
> _LS + ! ;
>
> : @local ( index -- n )
> \ fetch a local from the local stack
> _LS + @ ;
>
> These are of course excellent candidates for hand-writing in
> assembler (on non-optimising systems such as mine). But I would
> say in systems such as VFX and Swift, Mecrisp etc there would be
> no need. They compile optimised native machine code, so they are
> better left as high-level code. Note though that those systems
> (at least VFX and Swift) already support locals, but not my
> non-standard, home-grown variant, obviously.
I expect I have a very different view of efficiency than most of the
people here. I work at the hardware level, including FPGAs, so that to
me any instruction that takes up more than one word and uses more than
one clock cycle is a candidate for improvement. lol
So I see a lot of other operations going on to manage the locals stack
and the extra ops involved in addressing the local. But then I suppose
that needs to be balanced against the equivalent stack oriented code
which may have a number of hoop jumping and la-de-da stack ops. I'm not
a fan of stack juggling. That's one reason why I like the J1 processor.
It has some extensions that minimize stack juggling.
Is there any reason why the words (set) and @local can't be inlined? I
expect they are very simple words, no? I assume the offset specified in
"99 0 (set)" is already converted to address units, right? Hard to tell
with a zero.
--
Rick
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How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-11 01:16 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? stephen@mpeforth.com (Stephen Pelc) - 2015-04-11 15:56 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-11 15:48 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-11 17:43 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "HAA" <someone@microsoft.com> - 2015-04-14 18:40 +1000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? empty-buffers <empty.buffersYOU-DONT-WANT-THIS@gmail.NEITHER-THIS.com> - 2015-04-22 19:23 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-22 13:28 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? empty-buffers <empty.buffersYOU-DONT-WANT-THIS@gmail.NEITHER-THIS.com> - 2015-04-22 22:29 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-22 16:01 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? empty-buffers <empty.buffersYOU-DONT-WANT-THIS@gmail.NEITHER-THIS.com> - 2015-04-22 23:20 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-23 00:28 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-23 02:30 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-23 09:57 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? albert@spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2015-04-23 11:28 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-23 09:31 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-23 13:32 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-23 10:56 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-23 11:12 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Coos Haak <chforth@hccnet.nl> - 2015-04-23 22:44 +0200
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-23 23:24 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-24 09:21 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? albert@spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2015-04-24 11:44 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-24 08:35 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-24 15:40 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? mhx@iae.nl - 2015-04-24 10:28 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-24 17:43 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? mhx@iae.nl - 2015-04-24 22:44 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? empty-buffers <empty.buffersYOU-DONT-WANT-THIS@gmail.NEITHER-THIS.com> - 2015-04-24 15:00 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2015-04-24 09:07 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Raimond Dragomir <raimond.dragomir@gmail.com> - 2015-04-23 07:30 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-23 11:02 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-23 16:30 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Raimond Dragomir <raimond.dragomir@gmail.com> - 2015-04-23 09:38 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-24 15:57 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? empty-buffers <empty.buffersYOU-DONT-WANT-THIS@gmail.NEITHER-THIS.com> - 2015-04-24 15:14 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2015-04-23 06:58 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Coos Haak <chforth@hccnet.nl> - 2015-04-23 14:47 +0200
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Elizabeth D. Rather" <erather@forth.com> - 2015-04-23 08:34 -1000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-13 12:32 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2015-04-13 21:57 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid> - 2015-04-13 19:25 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Mark Wills <markwills1970@gmail.com> - 2015-04-14 01:43 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Mark Wills <markwills1970@gmail.com> - 2015-04-14 01:45 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-14 10:12 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Mark Wills <markwills1970@gmail.com> - 2015-04-14 13:09 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-15 14:18 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Raimond Dragomir <raimond.dragomir@gmail.com> - 2015-04-15 22:13 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-15 23:14 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Mark Wills <markwills1970@gmail.com> - 2015-04-16 01:12 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Mark Wills <markwills1970@gmail.com> - 2015-04-16 01:23 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2015-04-16 14:28 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2015-04-16 14:37 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Mark Wills <markwills1970@gmail.com> - 2015-04-17 04:43 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-14 14:53 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Julian Fondren <julian.fondren@gmail.com> - 2015-04-16 00:34 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-16 00:54 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Julian Fondren <julian.fondren@gmail.com> - 2015-04-16 01:07 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-16 12:22 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-16 08:32 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-16 20:42 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-17 00:14 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-16 22:14 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Bernd Linsel <bl1@gmx.com> - 2015-04-17 17:43 +0200
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? albert@spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2015-04-17 20:46 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-18 06:54 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-18 06:52 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-18 22:14 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "WJ" <w_a_x_man@yahoo.com> - 2015-04-19 08:46 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-19 06:04 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? albert@spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2015-04-19 10:12 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-19 10:43 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-19 16:28 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? franck.bensusan@gmail.com - 2015-04-19 15:35 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-19 19:14 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-19 16:48 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-20 09:51 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-20 06:27 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? albert@spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2015-04-20 13:04 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-20 14:09 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-21 07:17 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? albert@spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2015-04-21 16:50 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-21 16:35 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-22 06:13 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-22 06:23 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-21 17:18 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-21 16:38 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-22 10:12 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-22 06:26 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Elizabeth D. Rather" <erather@forth.com> - 2015-04-20 08:46 -1000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-20 23:02 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-21 06:35 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-21 06:41 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-20 10:22 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? franck.bensusan@gmail.com - 2015-04-20 23:28 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-21 11:03 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? franck.bensusan@gmail.com - 2015-04-21 07:20 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-22 15:35 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? franck.bensusan@gmail.com - 2015-04-23 10:55 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-24 07:15 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Bernd Linsel <bl1@gmx.com> - 2015-04-20 17:52 +0200
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-20 09:03 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Lars Brinkhoff <lars.spam@nocrew.org> - 2015-04-22 08:33 +0200
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-22 02:20 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Lars Brinkhoff <lars.spam@nocrew.org> - 2015-04-22 11:35 +0200
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? albert@spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2015-04-20 17:50 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-17 01:45 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Raimond Dragomir <raimond.dragomir@gmail.com> - 2015-04-17 02:37 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? albert@spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2015-04-17 10:14 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-17 10:18 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-17 09:38 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-17 21:25 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "WJ" <w_a_x_man@yahoo.com> - 2015-04-18 07:51 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-19 08:45 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? stephen@mpeforth.com (Stephen Pelc) - 2015-04-19 16:24 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-19 09:58 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-19 19:00 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-19 12:27 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? stephen@mpeforth.com (Stephen Pelc) - 2015-04-19 19:42 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-19 13:49 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-20 09:39 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-19 17:59 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-19 16:39 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-20 04:58 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-20 08:52 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-20 18:04 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-20 19:05 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-24 10:06 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-24 19:18 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-24 11:43 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-24 22:03 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-26 20:05 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? albert@spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2015-04-26 21:05 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-26 15:08 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? albert@spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2015-04-27 00:17 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-27 03:55 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Elizabeth D. Rather" <erather@forth.com> - 2015-04-26 22:25 -1000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-29 08:53 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-29 09:35 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? mhx@iae.nl - 2015-04-29 10:14 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Elizabeth D. Rather" <erather@forth.com> - 2015-04-29 09:00 -1000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-29 13:22 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-05-10 22:50 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-05-10 22:53 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Rod Pemberton" <bork@lllljunkqwer.cpm> - 2015-04-26 23:04 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-26 20:51 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-27 09:38 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-27 23:18 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Rod Pemberton" <bork@lllljunkqwer.cpm> - 2015-04-28 03:19 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-27 12:33 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-27 23:31 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-28 08:07 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Lars Brinkhoff <lars.spam@nocrew.org> - 2015-04-28 10:20 +0200
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Gerry Jackson <gerry@jackson9000.fsnet.co.uk> - 2015-04-28 12:17 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Lars Brinkhoff <lars.spam@nocrew.org> - 2015-04-28 14:04 +0200
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Gerry Jackson <gerry@jackson9000.fsnet.co.uk> - 2015-04-28 14:49 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? "Alex McDonald" <blog@rivadpm.com> - 2015-04-28 22:56 +0100
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-20 23:22 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-17 13:44 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Coos Haak <chforth@hccnet.nl> - 2015-04-18 00:31 +0200
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-18 14:22 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-18 22:51 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-19 01:25 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Coos Haak <chforth@hccnet.nl> - 2015-04-19 21:12 +0200
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-19 12:56 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? Doug Hoffman <glidedog@gmail.com> - 2015-04-19 17:53 -0400
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2015-04-20 11:59 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? albert@spenarnc.xs4all.nl (Albert van der Horst) - 2015-04-27 00:33 +0000
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? hughaguilar96@gmail.com - 2015-04-19 08:31 -0700
Re: How efficient are locals? How portable? lehs <skydda.barnen@gmail.com> - 2015-04-30 02:35 -0700
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