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Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?

From James Dow Allen <user4353@newsgrouper.org.invalid>
Newsgroups alt.folklore.computers, alt.english.usage
Subject Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?
References (11 earlier) <20260902082955.00001d79@gmail.com> <1179tra$33d2o$1@dont-email.me> <117a5vn$35q9q$8@dont-email.me> <1788410695-4353@newsgrouper.org> <117aunl$3d9f4$1@dont-email.me>
Date 2026-09-03 05:29 +0000
Message-ID <1788413379-4353@newsgrouper.org> (permalink)
Organization jamesdowallen@gmail.com

Cross-posted to 2 groups.

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Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?= <ldo@nz.invalid> posted:

> On Thu, 03 Sep 2026 04:44:55 GMT, James Dow Allen wrote:
> 
> > These tablets are mostly, respectively, letters to the King of Mari
> > (Zimri-Lin or his predecessor) and letters to Pharaohs Amenhotep III and
> > Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) of Egypt.
> >
> > ... plus there is one difficult-to-translate word found at both Mari
> > and Amarna which isn't translated. That word is "Apiru" or "Habiru."
> > This same word appears in other ancient Near Eastern and Egyptian
> > texts.
> >
> > Most, but certainly not all, scholars believe 'Apiru' to be cognate
> > with English 'Hebrew.' Best here may be to peer no further down this
> > rabbit-hole.
> 
> No rabbit-hole. I think it’s known from elsewhere that the Hebrews
> were one of the subject tribes of the Egyptian Empire. Just one of
> many.

No.  "Apiru" is widely thought to denote "mercenary soldier" or "bandit" or
"outsider."  Proposed etymologies include "From beyond the river" or
"(from the land of) dust."

Several of the Amarna letters appeal to Pharaoh for soldiers or archers
to defend from invading Apiru.  There is a very intriguing mention of
"hapiru" in the more ancient Mari letters.  Rather than wading through
my maze of notes and bookmarks, just now I asked the bot for a summary.
Urkesh was Mari's northernmost province, bordering on Hurrian lands.
Terru was its Governor.

Google's Gemini wrote:
>> In ARM 28, 46, Terru writes a letter to King Zimri-Lim of Mari explaining
>> that after being forced from power at Urkesh, he had to abandon his
>> house and leave to live as a displaced outsider (ḫapiru) in the town
>> of Šinaḫ. The Akkadian phrase "ana ḫapīrūtim attaṣi" reflects a shift
>> into a stateless, socio-political exile rather than an ethnic transition.

In Genesis, "Hebrew" appears almost exclusively as an exonym.  Among themselves
the enslaved "Hebrews" refer to themselves as "Children of Israel."

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Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator anthk@not.dev.null - 2026-08-17 23:57 +0200
  Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-08-18 00:07 +0000
    Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Bob Eager <throwaway0008@eager.cx> - 2026-08-18 11:51 +0000
      Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Rich Alderson <news@alderson.users.panix.com> - 2026-08-18 22:15 -0400
    Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Rich Alderson <news@alderson.users.panix.com> - 2026-08-18 22:13 -0400
  Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-23 07:32 +0000
    Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2026-08-23 07:40 -0700
      Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-23 22:07 +0000
        Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-24 07:27 +0800
          Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator vallor <vallor@vallor.earth> - 2026-08-24 01:31 +0000
            Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Chris Ahlstrom <OFeem1987@teleworm.us> - 2026-08-25 15:02 -0400
    Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Rich Alderson <news@alderson.users.panix.com> - 2026-08-23 23:36 -0400
  Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator "Mr. Chang Man-wai" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> - 2026-08-23 23:13 +0800
    Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Lars Poulsen <lars@beagle-ears.com> - 2026-08-23 11:20 -0700
      Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-23 22:11 +0000
        Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-24 07:28 +0800
        Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Rich Alderson <news@alderson.users.panix.com> - 2026-08-23 23:39 -0400
      Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator "Mr. Chang Man-wai" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> - 2026-08-25 01:15 +0800
        Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-25 03:28 +0800
          Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator "Mr. Chang Man-wai" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> - 2026-08-25 12:20 +0800
            Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-08-25 15:34 +0000
              Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2026-08-25 09:35 -0700
                Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-25 17:00 +0000
                Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator "Mr. Chang Man-wai" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> - 2026-08-28 20:07 +0800
                Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-29 16:59 +0800
                Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator "Mr. Chang Man-wai" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> - 2026-08-30 04:13 +0800
              Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Snidely <snidely.too@gmail.com> - 2026-08-25 11:22 -0700
                Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-25 21:43 +0000
                Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-26 15:34 +0000
                Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-29 17:08 +0800
              Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator "Mr. Chang Man-wai" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> - 2026-08-28 20:12 +0800
                Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-08-28 18:14 +0000
                Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Rich Alderson <news@alderson.users.panix.com> - 2026-08-28 21:02 -0400
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? "Mr. Chang Man-wai" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> - 2026-08-29 10:15 +0800
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? "Mr. Chang Man-wai" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> - 2026-08-29 11:55 +0800
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-29 17:38 +0800
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? "Mr. Chang Man-wai" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> - 2026-08-30 04:09 +0800
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? Rich Alderson <news@alderson.users.panix.com> - 2026-08-29 18:31 -0400
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-30 11:33 +0800
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2026-08-31 09:34 -0700
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? "Mr. Chang Man-wai" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> - 2026-09-02 22:59 +0800
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2026-09-02 08:29 -0700
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2026-09-02 12:36 -0700
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                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-09-02 21:55 +0000
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? James Dow Allen <user4353@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-09-03 04:44 +0000
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-09-03 04:57 +0000
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? James Dow Allen <user4353@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-09-03 05:29 +0000
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-09-03 06:57 +0000
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? James Dow Allen <user4353@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-09-03 10:06 +0000
                The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? (was: Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?) Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-09-03 18:29 +0800
                Re: The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? (was: Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?) John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2026-09-03 08:02 -0700
                Re: The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? (was: Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?) athel.cb@gmail.com <user12588@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-09-03 15:49 +0000
                Re: The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? (was: Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?) Tony Cooper <tonycooper214@gmail.com> - 2026-09-03 14:08 -0400
                Re: The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? (was: Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?) John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2026-09-03 11:34 -0700
                Re: The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? (was: Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?) Tony Cooper <tonycooper214@gmail.com> - 2026-09-03 18:01 -0400
                Re: The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2026-09-03 15:26 -0700
                Re: The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? (was: Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?) Steve Hayes <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> - 2026-09-04 04:51 +0200
                Re: The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? (was: Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?) James Dow Allen <user4353@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-09-04 04:27 +0000
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                Re: The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? (was: Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?) Steve Hayes <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> - 2026-09-05 06:05 +0200
                Re: The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? (was: Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday?) James Dow Allen <user4353@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-09-05 09:13 +0000
                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-09-05 21:09 +0000
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                Re: The Amarna Letters, Hebrew -- wait, which brew? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-09-03 21:27 +0000
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                Re: Origin Of Filename ... text and civilization? doomsday? "Mr. Chang Man-wai" <toylet.toylet@gmail.com> - 2026-08-30 04:17 +0800
                Re: Origin Of Filename Extension Dot Separator Charles Hope <clh@candehope.me.uk> - 2026-08-29 09:45 +0000
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