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Re: discharging caps

From Jeroen Belleman <jeroen@nospam.please>
Newsgroups sci.electronics.design
Subject Re: discharging caps
Date 2026-09-09 23:10 +0200
Organization A noiseless patient Spider
Message-ID <117shvo$1fh4o$1@dont-email.me> (permalink)
References (7 earlier) <117qv12$rnn9$2@dont-email.me> <117ra7t$1122i$1@dont-email.me> <dtc2al5tf5r2di4st7st3urneer875k8kt@4ax.com> <117rj6t$14ki7$1@dont-email.me> <117ru7h$18qbt$1@dont-email.me>

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On 9/9/26 17:32, Bill Sloman wrote:
> On 9/09/2026 10:25 pm, Jeroen Belleman wrote:
>> On 9/9/26 12:44, john larkin wrote:
>>> On Wed, 9 Sep 2026 09:51:57 -0000 (UTC), piglet
>>> <erichpwagner@hotmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> wrote:
>>>>> On 9/09/2026 5:56 am, john larkin wrote:
>>>>>> On Wed, 9 Sep 2026 03:09:41 +1000, Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org>
>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 9/09/2026 1:00 am, john larkin wrote:
>>>>>>>> On Tue, 8 Sep 2026 17:35:24 +1000, Bill Sloman 
>>>>>>>> <bill.sloman@ieee.org>
>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On 8/09/2026 4:52 am, john larkin wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On Mon, 7 Sep 2026 19:33:35 +0100, chrisq <syseng@gfsys.co.uk> 
>>>>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> On 9/7/26 16:18, john larkin wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> Suppose we have a box with some big caps inside, for example 
>>>>>>>>>>>> 0.2
>>>>>>>>>>>> farads that run at about 200 volts. When AC power is off, we 
>>>>>>>>>>>> want to
>>>>>>>>>>>> discharge them for several reasons.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Putting, say, a 1K resistor across them dissipates 40 watts 
>>>>>>>>>>>> and has a
>>>>>>>>>>>> 200 second time constant. It will take many tau before the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> voltage
>>>>>>>>>>>> gets low enough for people to poke around inside.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> The ideal discharger would be a constant-current or even 
>>>>>>>>>>>> better a
>>>>>>>>>>>> constant-power load, all the way down to zero volts. It 
>>>>>>>>>>>> would be dumb,
>>>>>>>>>>>> not switched by some decision circuit or anything fancy like 
>>>>>>>>>>>> that.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> And of course we need several LEDs as warnings that the 
>>>>>>>>>>>> thing is hot.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> What sort of design needs 0.2 Farad cap, at 200 volts ?. If 
>>>>>>>>>>> you are
>>>>>>>>>>> working at that level, put in a cheap relay and a rated heatsink
>>>>>>>>>>> wirewound resistor to dump the energy, when the power goes off.
>>>>>>>>>>> Cheap, and lossless as well. Motor drive inverters often have
>>>>>>>>>>> big resistors to brake the motor.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> John Larkin
>>>>>>>>>>>> Highland Tech Glen Canyon Design Center
>>>>>>>>>>>> Lunatic Fringe Electronics
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> It's a 1500 amp laser driver.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> The input to our box is DC, from an external power supply.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> I do want a circuit that's foolproof, that always discharges 
>>>>>>>>>> the caps
>>>>>>>>>> but doen't often go up in flames.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> A resistor makes an exponential decay which could be a very 
>>>>>>>>>> long time
>>>>>>>>>> to get down to safe levels.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> But a resistor plus an inductor could give a critically damped 
>>>>>>>>> decay,
>>>>>>>>> which would be quite a bit faster. I don't know enough about 
>>>>>>>>> the circuit
>>>>>>>>> to be prepared to try to work out how much inductance you'd 
>>>>>>>>> need, and
>>>>>>>>> you clearly can't be bothered.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Won't be bothered.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> I thought the group might like a circuit design problem once in a
>>>>>>>>>> while, a break from politics.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> But you don't do circuit design, and this sort of question 
>>>>>>>>> makes it
>>>>>>>>> obvious why you don't.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> The inductor suggestion is hilarious. Thanks.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> It's elementary circuit theory, which you should have been taught 
>>>>>>> and I
>>>>>>> had to read about.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> If you discharge a capacitor through a resistor, the voltage decays
>>>>>>> exponentially. If you put an inductor in series with the resistor 
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> voltage decay is a more complicated function of time. If you 
>>>>>>> chose the
>>>>>>> resistance and the inductance to create a critically damped 
>>>>>>> circuit, the
>>>>>>> voltage across the capacitor will eventually decay more rapidly than
>>>>>>> you'd see with just the resistor.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Try reading about Laplace transforms. That's a pretty hilarious
>>>>>>> suggestion to direct at you, but you are the butt of the joke.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Oh, RLC circuits are no mystery.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> What's funny about the suggestion is the size of the inductor it 
>>>>>> would
>>>>>> need.
>>>>>
>>>>> Which you haven't worked out. I spent a few minutes last night 
>>>>> trying to
>>>>> work out what I could buy off the shelf from element-14 (the 
>>>>> Australian
>>>>> branch of Newark) but their web-site has turned cranky in recent 
>>>>> months.
>>>>>
>>>>> The value of the inductance isn't fixed - that and the resistor can be
>>>>> be chosen to get a critically damped LCR, and I figured that I'd start
>>>>> playing with an inductor I could buy.
>>>>>
>>>>> You might end up with a non-progressively wound air-cored toroid. 
>>>>> With a
>>>>> 0.2F capacitor the parallel capacitance of the inductor isn't going to
>>>>> be an issue, and the winding resistance could be your damping 
>>>>> resistor.
>>>>>
>>>>> 4kJ is a fair bit of energy, but you can get copper quite hot 
>>>>> before it
>>>>> explodes. It wouldn't stay hot for long.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> I haven’t calculated what ballpark inductance might be required but 
>>>> is air
>>>> core even feasible for that?
>>>
>>> If it were about the size of a truck maybe.
>>>
>>> You can estimate the inductance in your head. To discharge 0.2F in,
>>> say 100 seconds, you need 500 ohms. That would of course be the tau of
>>> an exponential decay. Adding an inductor would crisp that up.
>>>
>>> R*C = 100 seconds so we want L/R to be in that ballpark.
> 
> 100 seconds is a lot too long from a safety point of view
> 
>>> So L is around 50,000 H.
> 
> If you start at the wrong end.
> 
>>> Check Digikey for that.
>>
>> Critical damping happens when the expression for the impedance of
>> the series RLC has two identical roots. This happens when L = R^2C/4,
>> near enough, so L should be 12.5 kH.
> 
> You can vary both L and R. A much shorter time constant means a much 
> smaller inductor
> 
> I dug out my copy of Grover and thought about a 5H air-cored inductor.
> 
> 5H - a 1 sec time constant - would be practicable - but big. You'd need 
> a great deal of copper wire to make it work.
> 
> It might be worth thinking about an iron-cored inductor. We are looking 
> at a fairly slow event so the current induced in the iron would be just 
> one more dissipation mode.
> 
> 0.5H might work. The time constant of 0.32 sec means that your 4kJ looks 
> like 13kW while it is dissipating, but it would be being dissipated in 
> what could be a fairly substantial resistor which wouldn't warm up much 
> and would have time to cool off.
> 
>> With the initial voltage 200V, it will need to briefly store just
>> short of 600 J. That doesn't look like a practical solution.
> 
> Why not? Air-cored coils can store a lot of energy. If you put a lot of 
> current through the turns the mechanical forces eventually rip them 
> apart, but that's a very different regime.
> 

Because an air-core 12.5 kH inductor is *big*.

Jeroen Belleman

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discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-07 08:18 -0700
  Re: discharging caps Simon Simple <nothanks@nottoday.co.uk> - 2026-09-07 17:20 +0100
    Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-07 09:58 -0700
      Re: discharging caps Simon Simple <nothanks@nottoday.co.uk> - 2026-09-07 19:51 +0100
      Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-08 10:27 -0400
        Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-08 08:16 -0700
        Re: discharging caps Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> - 2026-09-08 15:44 +0000
          Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-08 09:35 -0700
  Re: discharging caps ehsjr <ehsjr@verizon.net> - 2026-09-07 12:26 -0400
    Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-07 10:00 -0700
      Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-07 19:32 +0100
        Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-07 15:38 -0700
      Re: discharging caps Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid> - 2026-09-08 07:41 +0000
        Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-08 07:57 -0700
          Re: discharging caps Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid> - 2026-09-08 15:23 +0000
            Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-08 09:38 -0700
              Re: discharging caps Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid> - 2026-09-09 10:33 +0000
                Re: discharging caps Simon Simple <nothanks@nottoday.co.uk> - 2026-09-11 11:54 +0100
                Re: discharging caps Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid> - 2026-09-11 11:01 +0000
                Re: discharging caps Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> - 2026-09-11 13:59 +0000
  Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-08 04:28 +1000
    Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-07 11:59 -0700
  Re: discharging caps chrisq <syseng@gfsys.co.uk> - 2026-09-07 19:33 +0100
    Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-07 11:52 -0700
      Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-08 17:35 +1000
        Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-08 07:43 -0700
          Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-09 02:03 +1000
            Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-08 13:10 -0700
              Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-09 16:25 +1000
        Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-08 08:00 -0700
          Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-09 03:09 +1000
            Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-08 12:56 -0700
              Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-09 16:40 +1000
                Re: discharging caps piglet <erichpwagner@hotmail.com> - 2026-09-09 09:51 +0000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-09 03:44 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-09 20:57 +1000
                Re: discharging caps Jeroen Belleman <jeroen@nospam.please> - 2026-09-09 14:25 +0200
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-10 00:12 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-09 07:59 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-10 02:27 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-09 10:42 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-10 17:43 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-10 07:10 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-11 00:58 +1000
                Re: discharging caps chrisq <syseng@gfsys.co.uk> - 2026-09-09 17:29 +0100
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-10 03:35 +1000
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-10 01:32 +1000
                Re: discharging caps Jeroen Belleman <jeroen@nospam.please> - 2026-09-09 23:10 +0200
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-10 18:38 +1000
                Re: discharging caps antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-09-13 00:27 +0000
                Re: discharging caps Lane W <cactus_DAC@yahoo.com> - 2026-09-12 18:38 -0600
                Re: discharging caps antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-09-13 03:11 +0000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-13 07:50 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Lane W <cactus_DAC@yahoo.com> - 2026-09-13 09:14 -0600
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-14 02:18 +1000
                Re: discharging caps Lane W <cactus_DAC@yahoo.com> - 2026-09-13 10:28 -0600
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-14 01:28 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-13 12:03 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Simon Simple <nothanks@nottoday.co.uk> - 2026-09-13 23:54 +0100
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-13 17:12 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-14 16:05 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-14 08:21 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-15 18:28 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-15 10:23 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-16 18:39 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-16 03:21 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-16 21:16 +1000
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-14 15:59 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-14 08:22 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-15 18:31 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-12 17:59 -0700
                Re: discharging caps wmartin <wwm@wwmartin.net> - 2026-09-12 21:21 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-13 16:27 +1000
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-13 16:24 +1000
                Re: discharging caps antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-09-13 13:36 +0000
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-14 02:05 +1000
                Re: discharging caps John R Walliker <jrwalliker@gmail.com> - 2026-09-13 19:40 +0100
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-13 12:08 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-14 16:18 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-14 08:24 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-15 18:36 +1000
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-14 16:11 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-14 08:56 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-15 18:50 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-10 07:17 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-11 01:02 +1000
      Re: discharging caps chrisq <syseng@gfsys.co.uk> - 2026-09-08 11:19 +0100
        Re: discharging caps chrisq <syseng@gfsys.co.uk> - 2026-09-08 11:33 +0100
        Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-08 07:23 -0700
          Re: discharging caps chrisq <syseng@gfsys.co.uk> - 2026-09-08 16:28 +0100
            Re: discharging caps chrisq <syseng@gfsys.co.uk> - 2026-09-08 21:13 +0100
              Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-08 16:06 -0700
          Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-09 02:10 +1000
            Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-08 12:59 -0700
              Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-09 16:45 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-09 03:22 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-09 21:07 +1000
          Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-09 02:10 +1000
          Re: discharging caps Buzz McCool <buzz_mccool@yahoo.com> - 2026-09-14 09:44 -0700
            Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-14 10:15 -0700
      Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-11 16:23 +1000
        Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-11 07:45 -0700
          Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-12 01:59 +1000
      Re: discharging caps Cydrome Leader <presence@MUNGEpanix.com> - 2026-09-17 07:19 +0000
        Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-17 07:46 -0700
          Re: discharging caps Cydrome Leader <presence@MUNGEpanix.com> - 2026-09-18 04:54 +0000
            Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-18 07:57 -0700
          Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-18 15:45 +1000
            Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-18 08:02 -0700
              Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-19 16:40 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-19 08:48 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-20 16:30 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-20 02:17 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Simon Simple <nothanks@nottoday.co.uk> - 2026-09-20 12:30 +0100
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-21 00:52 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-20 08:46 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-21 17:41 +1000
    Re: discharging caps Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid> - 2026-09-08 07:46 +0000
      Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-08 07:26 -0700
  Re: discharging caps Lasse Langwadt <llc@fonz.dk> - 2026-09-07 21:18 +0200
    Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-07 12:36 -0700
      Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-07 22:26 +0100
        Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-07 15:14 -0700
          Re: discharging caps "Edward Rawde" <invalid@invalid.invalid> - 2026-09-07 20:06 -0400
            Re: discharging caps Don Y <blockedofcourse@foo.invalid> - 2026-09-07 19:30 -0700
              Re: discharging caps "Edward Rawde" <invalid@invalid.invalid> - 2026-09-07 23:40 -0400
                Re: discharging caps Don Y <blockedofcourse@foo.invalid> - 2026-09-07 22:04 -0700
          Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-08 08:45 +0100
            Re: discharging caps John R Walliker <jrwalliker@gmail.com> - 2026-09-08 11:59 +0100
              Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-08 12:30 +0100
            Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-08 07:34 -0700
              Re: discharging caps ehsjr <ehsjr@verizon.net> - 2026-09-08 12:55 -0400
              Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-13 08:15 +0100
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-13 07:41 -0700
                Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-13 17:45 +0100
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-14 03:53 +1000
                Re: discharging caps John R Walliker <jrwalliker@gmail.com> - 2026-09-13 19:28 +0100
                Re: discharging caps ehsjr <ehsjr@verizon.net> - 2026-09-13 17:16 -0400
              Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-14 10:20 -0400
                Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-14 15:41 +0100
  Re: discharging caps Carl <carl.ijamesXX@YYverizon.net> - 2026-09-07 21:10 -0400
  Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-08 10:37 -0400
  Re: discharging caps Jeremiah Jones <jj@j.j> - 2026-09-08 22:14 -0700
  Re: discharging caps someone <2a59d59e3809f827ce709d3815e3950eef4a6a93af5557a93a7fdfba71460843@example.com> - 2026-09-09 17:45 +0000
    Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-09 11:40 -0700
    Re: discharging caps Simon Simple <nothanks@nottoday.co.uk> - 2026-09-10 09:55 +0100
      Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-10 07:20 -0700
        Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-11 16:32 +1000
          Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-11 07:46 -0700
        Re: discharging caps Simon Simple <nothanks@nottoday.co.uk> - 2026-09-11 17:08 +0100
          Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-11 14:28 -0700
            Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-12 16:24 +1000
              Re: discharging caps John R Walliker <jrwalliker@gmail.com> - 2026-09-12 10:49 +0100
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-13 01:09 +1000
              Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-12 07:54 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-13 01:20 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-12 09:12 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-13 02:53 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-12 12:43 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-13 16:37 +1000
  Re: discharging caps Joerg <news@analogconsultants.com> - 2026-09-09 15:15 -0700
    Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-10 12:25 +0100
      Re: discharging caps Simon Simple <nothanks@nottoday.co.uk> - 2026-09-10 13:09 +0100
        Re: discharging caps John R Walliker <jrwalliker@gmail.com> - 2026-09-10 14:10 +0100
          Re: discharging caps Joerg <news@analogconsultants.com> - 2026-09-10 11:05 -0700
          Re: discharging caps Phil Hobbs <pcdhSpamMeSenseless@electrooptical.net> - 2026-09-10 19:12 +0000
  Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-13 14:52 -0400
    Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-13 12:17 -0700
      Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-14 16:25 +1000
      Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-14 10:15 -0400
      Re: discharging caps "Edward Rawde" <invalid@invalid.invalid> - 2026-09-17 19:53 -0400
        Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-17 19:15 -0700
          Re: discharging caps "Edward Rawde" <invalid@invalid.invalid> - 2026-09-17 23:50 -0400
          Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-18 15:58 +1000
            Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-18 07:26 -0700
              Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-19 16:26 +1000
            Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-20 11:25 -0400
              Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-20 08:42 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-21 17:54 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-21 10:09 -0700
                Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-21 08:59 -0400
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-21 08:02 -0700
                Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-21 13:00 -0400
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-21 10:12 -0700
                Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-22 10:12 -0400
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-22 08:25 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-23 03:55 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-22 17:36 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-23 16:18 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-23 09:05 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-24 16:36 +1000
                Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-24 08:11 -0400
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-24 07:26 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-25 00:52 +1000
                Re: discharging caps ehsjr <ehsjr@verizon.net> - 2026-09-24 18:40 -0400
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-24 16:22 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-25 16:50 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-25 07:26 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-26 01:32 +1000
                Re: discharging caps antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-09-26 03:12 +0000
                Re: discharging caps "Edward Rawde" <invalid@invalid.invalid> - 2026-09-26 00:38 -0400
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-26 07:08 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-27 01:07 +1000
                Re: discharging caps JM <sunaecoNoChoppedPork@gmail.com> - 2026-09-26 15:49 +0100
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-28 10:11 -0700
                Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-23 09:24 -0400
                Re: discharging caps Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid> - 2026-09-21 17:01 +0000
            Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-20 11:44 -0400
  Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-23 21:42 +0100
    Re: discharging caps Lane W <cactus_DAC@yahoo.com> - 2026-09-23 14:44 -0600
      Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-23 17:51 -0700
      Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-24 10:07 +0100
        Re: discharging caps Simon Simple <nothanks@nottoday.co.uk> - 2026-09-24 12:01 +0100
          Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-24 13:59 +0100
    Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-23 14:16 -0700
      Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-24 10:07 +0100
        Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-24 11:51 -0700
      Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-24 07:58 -0400
    Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-24 07:54 -0400
      Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-24 13:59 +0100
        Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-24 17:56 -0400
          Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-24 16:27 -0700
          Re: discharging caps liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) - 2026-09-25 09:22 +0100
      Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-24 11:55 -0700
        Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-25 17:09 +1000
          Re: discharging caps Jeroen Belleman <jeroen@nospam.please> - 2026-09-25 09:38 +0200
            Re: discharging caps John R Walliker <jrwalliker@gmail.com> - 2026-09-25 10:59 +0100
              Re: discharging caps Jeroen Belleman <jeroen@nospam.please> - 2026-09-25 12:28 +0200
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-25 22:42 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-25 07:38 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-26 01:11 +1000
                Re: discharging caps Jeroen Belleman <jeroen@nospam.please> - 2026-09-25 19:59 +0200
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-26 15:56 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-26 09:24 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-27 16:22 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-27 03:20 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-27 20:55 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-27 07:59 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-28 12:35 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-28 10:15 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-29 17:22 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-26 07:20 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-27 01:26 +1000
                Re: discharging caps Jeroen Belleman <jeroen@nospam.please> - 2026-09-26 22:58 +0200
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-26 16:20 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid> - 2026-09-27 07:39 +0000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-27 03:29 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid> - 2026-09-27 13:50 +0000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-27 08:04 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid> - 2026-09-27 15:16 +0000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-27 08:29 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid> - 2026-09-28 06:38 +0000
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-28 17:34 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@htigct.com> - 2026-09-28 10:17 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-29 17:09 +1000
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-28 12:54 +1000
                Re: discharging caps john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> - 2026-09-27 20:14 -0700
                Re: discharging caps Bill Sloman <bill.sloman@ieee.org> - 2026-09-28 16:58 +1000
                Re: discharging caps legg <legg@nospam.magma.ca> - 2026-09-26 10:25 -0400

csiph-web