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[PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock

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  [PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Ioan-Adrian Ratiu <adi@adirat.com> - 2015-11-18 20:30 +0100
    Re: [PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org> - 2015-11-18 21:40 +0100
      Re: [PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Ioan-Adrian Ratiu <adi@adirat.com> - 2015-11-18 22:10 +0100
        Re: [PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Josh Cartwright <joshc@ni.com> - 2015-11-19 01:00 +0100
          Re: [PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Ioan-Adrian Ratiu <adi@adirat.com> - 2015-11-19 07:50 +0100
            Re: [PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org> - 2015-11-19 10:20 +0100
              Re: [PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Ioan-Adrian Ratiu <adi@adirat.com> - 2015-11-19 17:40 +0100
                Re: [PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org> - 2015-11-19 22:40 +0100
                  Re: [PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Ioan-Adrian Ratiu <adi@adirat.com> - 2015-11-20 21:10 +0100
        Re: [PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org> - 2015-11-19 10:00 +0100
    [PATCH v2] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Ioan-Adrian Ratiu <adi@adirat.com> - 2015-11-20 21:20 +0100
      Re: [PATCH v2] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock Ioan-Adrian Ratiu <adi@adirat.com> - 2015-11-29 11:30 +0100

#1272500 — [PATCH] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock

The critical section protected by usbhid->lock in hid_ctrl() is too
big and in rare cases causes a recursive deadlock because of its call
to hid_input_report().

This deadlock reproduces on newer wacom tablets like 056a:033c because
the wacom driver in its irq handler ends up calling hid_hw_request()
from wacom_intuos_schedule_prox_event() in wacom_wac.c. What this means
is that it submits a report to reschedule a proximity read through a
sync ctrl call which grabs the lock in hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
before calling hid_input_report(). When the irq kicks in on the same
cpu, it also tries to grab the lock resulting in a recursive deadlock.

The proper fix is to shrink the critical section in hid_ctrl() to
protect only the instructions which modify usbhid, thus move the lock
after the hid_input_report() call and the deadlock dissapears.

Signed-off-by: Ioan-Adrian Ratiu <adi@adirat.com>
---
 drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c b/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c
index 36712e9..5dd426f 100644
--- a/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c
+++ b/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c
@@ -477,8 +477,6 @@ static void hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
 	struct usbhid_device *usbhid = hid->driver_data;
 	int unplug = 0, status = urb->status;
 
-	spin_lock(&usbhid->lock);
-
 	switch (status) {
 	case 0:			/* success */
 		if (usbhid->ctrl[usbhid->ctrltail].dir == USB_DIR_IN)
@@ -498,6 +496,8 @@ static void hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
 		hid_warn(urb->dev, "ctrl urb status %d received\n", status);
 	}
 
+	spin_lock(&usbhid->lock);
+
 	if (unplug) {
 		usbhid->ctrltail = usbhid->ctrlhead;
 	} else {
-- 
2.6.3

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#1272545

On Wed, 18 Nov 2015, Ioan-Adrian Ratiu wrote:

> The critical section protected by usbhid->lock in hid_ctrl() is too
> big and in rare cases causes a recursive deadlock because of its call
> to hid_input_report().
> 
> This deadlock reproduces on newer wacom tablets like 056a:033c because
> the wacom driver in its irq handler ends up calling hid_hw_request()
> from wacom_intuos_schedule_prox_event() in wacom_wac.c. What this means
> is that it submits a report to reschedule a proximity read through a
> sync ctrl call which grabs the lock in hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
> before calling hid_input_report(). When the irq kicks in on the same
> cpu, it also tries to grab the lock resulting in a recursive deadlock.
> 
> The proper fix is to shrink the critical section in hid_ctrl() to
> protect only the instructions which modify usbhid, thus move the lock
> after the hid_input_report() call and the deadlock dissapears.

I think the proper fix actually is to spin_lock_irqsave() in hid_ctrl(), 
isn't it?

-- 
Jiri Kosina
SUSE Labs

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#1272574

On Wed, 18 Nov 2015 21:37:42 +0100 (CET)
Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org> wrote:

> On Wed, 18 Nov 2015, Ioan-Adrian Ratiu wrote:
> 
> > The critical section protected by usbhid->lock in hid_ctrl() is too
> > big and in rare cases causes a recursive deadlock because of its call
> > to hid_input_report().
> > 
> > This deadlock reproduces on newer wacom tablets like 056a:033c because
> > the wacom driver in its irq handler ends up calling hid_hw_request()
> > from wacom_intuos_schedule_prox_event() in wacom_wac.c. What this means
> > is that it submits a report to reschedule a proximity read through a
> > sync ctrl call which grabs the lock in hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
> > before calling hid_input_report(). When the irq kicks in on the same
> > cpu, it also tries to grab the lock resulting in a recursive deadlock.
> > 
> > The proper fix is to shrink the critical section in hid_ctrl() to
> > protect only the instructions which modify usbhid, thus move the lock
> > after the hid_input_report() call and the deadlock dissapears.  
> 
> I think the proper fix actually is to spin_lock_irqsave() in hid_ctrl(), 
> isn't it?
> 

That was my first attempt, yes, but the deadlock still happens with interrupts
disabled. It is very weird, I know. I tried many configurations, like disabling
PREEMPT_RT and other stuff which might affect the call stack in this case, but
the only two methods which actually avoid the deadlock are:

1. don't call wacom_intuos_schedule_prox_event() / hid_hw_request() from the
wacom driver

2. shrink the critical region to not cover hid_input_report() inside hid_ctrl()

I am very open to any ideas on how to better fix this, just to be able to use a
mainline kernel with my device without out of tree patching :)
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#1272695

[Multipart message — attachments visible in raw view] — view raw

On Wed, Nov 18, 2015 at 11:05:44PM +0200, Ioan-Adrian Ratiu wrote:
> On Wed, 18 Nov 2015 21:37:42 +0100 (CET)
> Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org> wrote:
> 
> > On Wed, 18 Nov 2015, Ioan-Adrian Ratiu wrote:
> > 
> > > The critical section protected by usbhid->lock in hid_ctrl() is too
> > > big and in rare cases causes a recursive deadlock because of its call
> > > to hid_input_report().
> > > 
> > > This deadlock reproduces on newer wacom tablets like 056a:033c because
> > > the wacom driver in its irq handler ends up calling hid_hw_request()
> > > from wacom_intuos_schedule_prox_event() in wacom_wac.c. What this means
> > > is that it submits a report to reschedule a proximity read through a
> > > sync ctrl call which grabs the lock in hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
> > > before calling hid_input_report(). When the irq kicks in on the same
> > > cpu, it also tries to grab the lock resulting in a recursive deadlock.
> > > 
> > > The proper fix is to shrink the critical section in hid_ctrl() to
> > > protect only the instructions which modify usbhid, thus move the lock
> > > after the hid_input_report() call and the deadlock dissapears.  
> > 
> > I think the proper fix actually is to spin_lock_irqsave() in hid_ctrl(), 
> > isn't it?
> > 
> 
> That was my first attempt, yes, but the deadlock still happens with interrupts
> disabled. It is very weird, I know.

I think your best course of action is to figure out why this is the
case, instead of continuing with trying to solve the symptoms.  Do you
have actual callstacks showing the cases where you hit?  That might be
useful to share (your lockdep picture cuts out the callstacks).

Also, have you tried without the PREEMPT_RT patch in the picture at all?

  Josh

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#1272884

On Wed, 18 Nov 2015 17:58:56 -0600
Josh Cartwright <joshc@ni.com> wrote:

> On Wed, Nov 18, 2015 at 11:05:44PM +0200, Ioan-Adrian Ratiu wrote:
> > On Wed, 18 Nov 2015 21:37:42 +0100 (CET)
> > Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org> wrote:
> >   
> > > On Wed, 18 Nov 2015, Ioan-Adrian Ratiu wrote:
> > >   
> > > > The critical section protected by usbhid->lock in hid_ctrl() is too
> > > > big and in rare cases causes a recursive deadlock because of its call
> > > > to hid_input_report().
> > > > 
> > > > This deadlock reproduces on newer wacom tablets like 056a:033c because
> > > > the wacom driver in its irq handler ends up calling hid_hw_request()
> > > > from wacom_intuos_schedule_prox_event() in wacom_wac.c. What this means
> > > > is that it submits a report to reschedule a proximity read through a
> > > > sync ctrl call which grabs the lock in hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
> > > > before calling hid_input_report(). When the irq kicks in on the same
> > > > cpu, it also tries to grab the lock resulting in a recursive deadlock.
> > > > 
> > > > The proper fix is to shrink the critical section in hid_ctrl() to
> > > > protect only the instructions which modify usbhid, thus move the lock
> > > > after the hid_input_report() call and the deadlock dissapears.    
> > > 
> > > I think the proper fix actually is to spin_lock_irqsave() in hid_ctrl(), 
> > > isn't it?
> > >   
> > 
> > That was my first attempt, yes, but the deadlock still happens with
> > interrupts disabled. It is very weird, I know.  
> 
> I think your best course of action is to figure out why this is the
> case, instead of continuing with trying to solve the symptoms.  Do you
> have actual callstacks showing the cases where you hit?  That might be
> useful to share (your lockdep picture cuts out the callstacks).
> 
> Also, have you tried without the PREEMPT_RT patch in the picture at all?
> 
>   Josh

Yes, of course I tried it without PREEMPT_RT_FULL :) This happens on vanilla
mainline kernels (only after 4.4-rc1 which introduced support for this kind of
tablets).

I also backported all the wacom patches to 4.1 non-RT and the same deadlock
happens.

I've sent another email with some lockdep traces and printk's on a running
vanilla linux-next, maybe it didn't get through, here are the links again:

First part of lockdep report:
http://imgur.com/clLsCWe

Second part:
http://imgur.com/Wa2PzRl

Here are some printk's of mine while reproducing + debugging the issue:
http://imgur.com/SETOHT7

I'll continue to research this more in depth, but progress is slow because I
don't have much time, I'm doing this in my spare time because it's my
girlfriend's tablet.
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#1272956

On Thu, 19 Nov 2015, Ioan-Adrian Ratiu wrote:

> First part of lockdep report:
> http://imgur.com/clLsCWe
> 
> Second part:
> http://imgur.com/Wa2PzRl
> 
> Here are some printk's of mine while reproducing + debugging the issue:
> http://imgur.com/SETOHT7

So the real problem is that Intuos driver is calling hid_hw_request() 
(which tries to grab the lock in usbhid_submit_report()) while handling 
the CTRL IRQ (lock gets acquired there).

So the proper way to fix seems to be delaying the scheduling of the 
proximity read event in wacom_intuos_inout() to workqueue.

> I'll continue to research this more in depth, but progress is slow 
> because I don't have much time, I'm doing this in my spare time because 
> it's my girlfriend's tablet.

Oh, now I understand the level of severity of this bug! :-)

Thanks,

-- 
Jiri Kosina
SUSE Labs

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#1273273

On Thu, 19 Nov 2015 10:10:19 +0100 (CET)
Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org> wrote:

> On Thu, 19 Nov 2015, Ioan-Adrian Ratiu wrote:
> 
> > First part of lockdep report:
> > http://imgur.com/clLsCWe
> > 
> > Second part:
> > http://imgur.com/Wa2PzRl
> > 
> > Here are some printk's of mine while reproducing + debugging the issue:
> > http://imgur.com/SETOHT7  
> 
> So the real problem is that Intuos driver is calling hid_hw_request() 
> (which tries to grab the lock in usbhid_submit_report()) while handling 
> the CTRL IRQ (lock gets acquired there).
> 
> So the proper way to fix seems to be delaying the scheduling of the 
> proximity read event in wacom_intuos_inout() to workqueue.
> 
> > I'll continue to research this more in depth, but progress is slow 
> > because I don't have much time, I'm doing this in my spare time because 
> > it's my girlfriend's tablet.  
> 
> Oh, now I understand the level of severity of this bug! :-)
> 
> Thanks,
> 

Yes, exactly, you are beginning to understand! :)  When I've put my 2 variants
above to solve this deadlock, by "removing the call from wacom" at 1) I was
trying to say exactly this, removing it from the irq to a workqueue.

But please understand further my reasoning for submitting this patch. Consider
if this is a bug in the wacom driver or in the usbhid core? IMO
this is a usbhid bug: the critical region in hid_ctrl() is too big, there
is no reason for the call to hid_input_report() to be protected by
usbhid->lock.

The correct way to fix this deadlock is to fix the critical section in
usbhid, not remove the call from the wacom irq. If wacom wants to
reschedule in the irq, it should not deadlock on usbhid. "Fixing" the wacom call
would just work around the critical region bug inside usbhid.

I hope I've made myself clear this time; I really needed to explain this
patch better :( sorry.
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#1273522

On Thu, 19 Nov 2015, Ioan-Adrian Ratiu wrote:

> But please understand further my reasoning for submitting this patch. 
> Consider if this is a bug in the wacom driver or in the usbhid core? IMO 
> this is a usbhid bug: the critical region in hid_ctrl() is too big, 
> there is no reason for the call to hid_input_report() to be protected by 
> usbhid->lock.

Hmm, it's actually true that we might not need usbhid->lock during 
hid_input_report() at the end of the day, as we shouldn't be doing any 
URB-related operations there, neither iofl are being manipulated.

If you have already done the full analysis that shows that usbhid->lock is 
indeed not needed, this absolutely needs to go into changelog as proper 
justification.

Could you please reformulate the changelog in this respect and resubmit?

Thanks,

-- 
Jiri Kosina
SUSE Labs

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#1274395

On Thu, 19 Nov 2015 22:34:18 +0100 (CET)
Jiri Kosina <jikos@kernel.org> wrote:
> Could you please reformulate the changelog in this respect and resubmit?

Yes, of course, I tried to reformulate the problem and solution as clear and
succint as I could in v2, which I'll send shortly.

Thank you very much for your patience and feedback.
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#1272942

On Wed, 18 Nov 2015, Ioan-Adrian Ratiu wrote:

> > > The critical section protected by usbhid->lock in hid_ctrl() is too
> > > big and in rare cases causes a recursive deadlock because of its call
> > > to hid_input_report().
> > > 
> > > This deadlock reproduces on newer wacom tablets like 056a:033c because
> > > the wacom driver in its irq handler ends up calling hid_hw_request()
> > > from wacom_intuos_schedule_prox_event() in wacom_wac.c. What this means
> > > is that it submits a report to reschedule a proximity read through a
> > > sync ctrl call which grabs the lock in hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
> > > before calling hid_input_report(). When the irq kicks in on the same
> > > cpu, it also tries to grab the lock resulting in a recursive deadlock.
> > > 
> > > The proper fix is to shrink the critical section in hid_ctrl() to
> > > protect only the instructions which modify usbhid, thus move the lock
> > > after the hid_input_report() call and the deadlock dissapears.  
> > 
> > I think the proper fix actually is to spin_lock_irqsave() in hid_ctrl(), 
> > isn't it?
> 
> That was my first attempt, yes, but the deadlock still happens with interrupts
> disabled. 

That unfortunately however directly implies that your explanation above 
isn't actually correct description of the real problem.

So we'd better first understand the problem rather than papering it over 
with more or less random fixes.

First, have you tried to run your usecase on your system with lockdep 
enabled?

Thanks,

-- 
Jiri Kosina
SUSE Labs

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#1274401 — [PATCH v2] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock

The critical section protected by usbhid->lock in hid_ctrl() is too
big and because of this it causes a recursive deadlock. "Too big" means
the case statement and the call to hid_input_report() do not need to be
protected by the spinlock (no URB operations are done inside them).

The deadlock happens because in certain rare cases drivers try to grab
the lock while handling the ctrl irq which grabs the lock before them
as described above. For example newer wacom tablets like 056a:033c try
to reschedule proximity reads from wacom_intuos_schedule_prox_event()
calling hid_hw_request() -> usbhid_request() -> usbhid_submit_report()
which tries to grab the usbhid lock already held by hid_ctrl().

There are two ways to get out of this deadlock:
    1. Make the drivers work "around" the ctrl critical region, in the
    wacom case for ex. by delaying the scheduling of the proximity read
    request itself to a workqueue.
    2. Shrink the critical region so the usbhid lock protects only the
    instructions which modify usbhid state, calling hid_input_report()
    with the spinlock unlocked, allowing the device driver to grab the
    lock first, finish and then grab the lock afterwards in hid_ctrl().

This patch implements the 2nd solution.

Signed-off-by: Ioan-Adrian Ratiu <adi@adirat.com>
---
 drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c b/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c
index 36712e9..5dd426f 100644
--- a/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c
+++ b/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c
@@ -477,8 +477,6 @@ static void hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
 	struct usbhid_device *usbhid = hid->driver_data;
 	int unplug = 0, status = urb->status;
 
-	spin_lock(&usbhid->lock);
-
 	switch (status) {
 	case 0:			/* success */
 		if (usbhid->ctrl[usbhid->ctrltail].dir == USB_DIR_IN)
@@ -498,6 +496,8 @@ static void hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
 		hid_warn(urb->dev, "ctrl urb status %d received\n", status);
 	}
 
+	spin_lock(&usbhid->lock);
+
 	if (unplug) {
 		usbhid->ctrltail = usbhid->ctrlhead;
 	} else {
-- 
2.6.3

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#1279314 — Re: [PATCH v2] hid: usbhid: hid-core: fix recursive deadlock

On Fri, 20 Nov 2015 22:19:02 +0200
Ioan-Adrian Ratiu <adi@adirat.com> wrote:

> The critical section protected by usbhid->lock in hid_ctrl() is too
> big and because of this it causes a recursive deadlock. "Too big" means
> the case statement and the call to hid_input_report() do not need to be
> protected by the spinlock (no URB operations are done inside them).
> 
> The deadlock happens because in certain rare cases drivers try to grab
> the lock while handling the ctrl irq which grabs the lock before them
> as described above. For example newer wacom tablets like 056a:033c try
> to reschedule proximity reads from wacom_intuos_schedule_prox_event()
> calling hid_hw_request() -> usbhid_request() -> usbhid_submit_report()
> which tries to grab the usbhid lock already held by hid_ctrl().
> 
> There are two ways to get out of this deadlock:
>     1. Make the drivers work "around" the ctrl critical region, in the
>     wacom case for ex. by delaying the scheduling of the proximity read
>     request itself to a workqueue.
>     2. Shrink the critical region so the usbhid lock protects only the
>     instructions which modify usbhid state, calling hid_input_report()
>     with the spinlock unlocked, allowing the device driver to grab the
>     lock first, finish and then grab the lock afterwards in hid_ctrl().
> 
> This patch implements the 2nd solution.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Ioan-Adrian Ratiu <adi@adirat.com>
> ---
>  drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c | 4 ++--
>  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c b/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c
> index 36712e9..5dd426f 100644
> --- a/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c
> +++ b/drivers/hid/usbhid/hid-core.c
> @@ -477,8 +477,6 @@ static void hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
>  	struct usbhid_device *usbhid = hid->driver_data;
>  	int unplug = 0, status = urb->status;
>  
> -	spin_lock(&usbhid->lock);
> -
>  	switch (status) {
>  	case 0:			/* success */
>  		if (usbhid->ctrl[usbhid->ctrltail].dir == USB_DIR_IN)
> @@ -498,6 +496,8 @@ static void hid_ctrl(struct urb *urb)
>  		hid_warn(urb->dev, "ctrl urb status %d received\n", status);
>  	}
>  
> +	spin_lock(&usbhid->lock);
> +
>  	if (unplug) {
>  		usbhid->ctrltail = usbhid->ctrlhead;
>  	} else {

Hello again

Can this please be merged in the 4.4? There are quite a few people who have
their tablets deadlock and don't know how to patch their kernels so are stuck
waiting for a new release.

The severity of this issue is much bigger than I initially thought. Since I've
posted on the wacom mailing list that I have a fix for this deadlock I've
recived lots of email from people complaining of the same problem on a wide
range of tablets.

Some of those people know how to patch a kernel, some found this patch on the
mailing list and tested it and confirmed that it works on the wacom mailing
list (you can verify the deadlock + fix on that mailing list).

Thank you,
Adrian
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