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Groups > alt.os.development > #9309

Re: Processor ISAs

From Rod Pemberton <NoHaveNotOne@bcczxcfre.cmm>
Newsgroups alt.os.development
Subject Re: Processor ISAs
Date 2016-03-24 19:17 -0400
Organization Aioe.org NNTP Server
Message-ID <20160324191744.6b6a1d5a@_> (permalink)
References <nd19lt$3h5$1@dont-email.me>

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On Thu, 24 Mar 2016 13:58:19 -0500
"Bill Cunningham" <billcun-remove-@suddenlink.net> wrote:

>     Would anyone happen to know which would have the simplest ISA?
> I don't right off. Say old DEC stuff. Processors and Intel 8 bit
> architectures? And of course the Z80. If various bit sizes of DEC
> processors had simple instruction sets. Similar to RISC. Maybe they
> would be more powerful land less to learn.

Your post might also be a post for comp.arch or alt.folklore.computers.
comp.arch will discuss the architecture design, and a.f.c. will discuss
anything related to old computers, most likely the instruction sets
in this case and stories from the past.

The 68000 was used for teaching programming in schools throughout
the 1990's.  It's 32-bit.  IIRC, it doesn't have an MMU like the
later 68040 or a modern 80x86, and IIRC the instruction set is
orthogonal.  It was used in the second generation home PC's, such
as Amiga 1000, Atari STs, and earlier Macintoshes.  You can look
it and all other microprocessors up on Wikipedia or Google.

I "cut my teeth" on the 6510 (6502 variant) in the Commodore C64
in the 1980's.  I picked up the general purpose 80x86 instructions
of the 80486 and later rather easily in the early 2000's, but they
were originally designed in the 1970's too.  So, there was not much
difference in terms of basic operations.

I also learned some Z80 in magazines, also way back in the 1980's.
Today, I don't recall the Z80 instructions other than it seemed
simple, like the 6502.  The Z80 was great for projects because it
didn't need additional circuitry to drive the DRAM chips of the
era.  So, it was widely written about and used for hobby projects,
much like the Parallax Stamp a decade ago, or the Raspberry Pi or
Arduino today.

The basic 6502 instructions are easy, but the 6502 is somewhat of a
load-store architecture and only has a few registers.  It has many
memory addressing modes for each instruction to compensate for the
lack of registers, i.e., mostly memory use. You'll need a copy of the
manual for the chart with the memory modes to keep them straight.
It has only one accumulator, meaning you're restricted to do most
math through that register.  It uses zero page (low 256 bytes) as a
temporary register file or small stack.  I.e., it's constrained,
but simple.

The basic general purpose instructions of the 8086 through 80486
and later are similar in functionality to the 6502, but you have
eight general purpose registers, all of which can do general integer
arithmetic.  So, it's more orthogonal.  Still, there are some
instructions which only work with specific registers, being CISC.
The 16-bit instruction set has a bunch of limited memory addressing
modes, and other limitations, like early 8-bit processors.  The
32-bit instruction set is much more orthogonal and uniform, but
it not as clean as a RISC design.

I never programmed the DEC's in assembly, but only used C.
I only used a Timex Sinclair 1000 once at a friend's house.


Rod Pemberton

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Thread

Processor ISAs "Bill Cunningham" <billcun-remove-@suddenlink.net> - 2016-03-24 13:58 -0500
  Re: Processor ISAs "Alexei A. Frounze" <alexfrunews@gmail.com> - 2016-03-24 13:50 -0700
    Re: Processor ISAs "Bill Cunningham" <billcun-remove-@suddenlink.net> - 2016-03-24 17:31 -0500
  Re: Processor ISAs Rod Pemberton <NoHaveNotOne@bcczxcfre.cmm> - 2016-03-24 19:17 -0400
  Re: Processor ISAs "Benjamin David Lunt" <zfysz@fysnet.net> - 2016-03-24 17:50 -0700
    Re: Processor ISAs "Bill Cunningham" <billcun-remove-@suddenlink.net> - 2016-03-25 13:21 -0500
  Re: Processor ISAs "wolfgang kern" <nowhere@never.at> - 2016-03-25 08:24 +0100
    Re: Processor ISAs Herbert Kleebauer <klee@unibwm.de> - 2016-03-25 12:43 +0100
  Re: Processor ISAs Lucretia <laguest9000@googlemail.com> - 2016-03-28 06:45 -0700
    Re: Processor ISAs Lucretia <laguest9000@googlemail.com> - 2016-03-28 06:54 -0700
      Re: Processor ISAs "wolfgang kern" <nowhere@never.at> - 2016-03-28 22:40 +0200
        Re: Processor ISAs Lucretia <laguest9000@googlemail.com> - 2016-03-29 13:00 -0700
          Re: Processor ISAs "wolfgang kern" <nowhere@never.at> - 2016-03-30 11:17 +0200
      Re: Processor ISAs James Harris <james.harris.1@gmail.com> - 2016-04-01 10:15 +0100
        Re: Processor ISAs "wolfgang kern" <nowhere@never.at> - 2016-04-01 13:16 +0200
          Re: Processor ISAs James Harris <james.harris.1@gmail.com> - 2016-04-01 22:48 +0100
            OT: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor ISAs] Rod Pemberton <NoHaveNotOne@bcczxcfre.cmm> - 2016-04-01 21:22 -0400
              Re: OT: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor ISAs] Rod Pemberton <NoHaveNotOne@bcczxcfre.cmm> - 2016-04-01 21:26 -0400
              Re: OT: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor ISAs] Bob Eager <news0006@eager.cx> - 2016-04-02 08:46 +0000
                Re: OT: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor Bogus@Embarq.com (Steve) - 2016-04-03 12:31 +0000
                Re: OT: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor Morten Reistad <first@last.name.invalid> - 2016-04-03 14:44 +0200
                Re: OT: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor Bob Eager <news0006@eager.cx> - 2016-04-03 18:53 +0000
                Re: OT: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor Bogus@Embarq.com (Steve) - 2016-04-03 20:07 +0000
                Re: OT: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor Bob Eager <news0006@eager.cx> - 2016-04-03 21:18 +0000
                Re: OT: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor "J. Clarke" <j.clarke.873638@gmail.com> - 2016-04-03 20:20 -0400
                Re: OT: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor "J. Clarke" <j.clarke.873638@gmail.com> - 2016-04-03 20:17 -0400
                Re: OT: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor pechter@pechter.dyndns.org (William Pechter) - 2016-04-04 15:53 +0000
              Re: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor ISAs] "Charles Richmond" <numerist@aquaporin4.com> - 2016-04-04 17:24 -0500
                Re: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor ISAs] Bob Eager <news0006@eager.cx> - 2016-04-04 23:08 +0000
                Re: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor ISAs] Bogus@Embarq.com (Steve) - 2016-04-05 17:43 +0000
                Re: processor binary- or pin-compatibility, was [Re: Processor ISAs] Ahem A Rivet's Shot <steveo@eircom.net> - 2016-04-05 19:15 +0100
            Re: Processor ISAs "wolfgang kern" <nowhere@never.at> - 2016-04-02 10:59 +0200

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