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Re: How to downsample this signal?

From rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com>
Newsgroups comp.dsp
Subject Re: How to downsample this signal?
Date 2017-05-16 15:35 -0400
Organization A noiseless patient Spider
Message-ID <offk46$fi4$2@dont-email.me> (permalink)
References (4 earlier) <ofbdtb$vg$1@node1.news.atman.pl> <ofcf3l$6o8$1@dont-email.me> <87h90mqfwv.fsf@garnerundergroundinc.com> <ofe7r4$oc4$1@dont-email.me> <8760h0pw02.fsf@garnerundergroundinc.com>

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On 5/16/2017 1:11 PM, Randy Yates wrote:
> rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> writes:
>
>> On 5/15/2017 11:49 AM, Randy Yates wrote:
>>> rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> writes:
>>>
>>>> On 5/15/2017 1:21 AM, Piotr Wyderski wrote:
>>>>> rickman wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> Are the 248 words for data or also program?
>>>>>
>>>>> Data only, there are dedicated code memories. The control part
>>>>> is totally crazy: there are two separate code memories working
>>>>> in parallel (they take both paths simultaneosly in order to
>>>>> provide instructions with no delay in the case of a branch).
>>>>> But there is no such thing as a program counter, the code
>>>>> memories store instructions at consecutive addresses without
>>>>> any deeper structure. A run of instructions is called a block
>>>>> and is ended with the presence of a jump instruction. There
>>>>> is also a third control memory which stores the information
>>>>> where the i-th block begins and to which j-th state the FSM
>>>>> should go in the case of a branch. In short, hardware basic
>>>>> blocks. The data path is a VLIW with exposed pipelining,
>>>>> which adds fun.
>>>>>
>>>>>> That should be plenty of room for coefficients.
>>>>>
>>>>> But doesn't the FIR require a lot of cells for
>>>>> the past data values?
>>>>
>>>> Like I said, I wrote this a long time ago, so I am not the resource to
>>>> be asking.  I can't picture how it works, but I specifically remember
>>>> NOT needing to store previous data inputs.  I am thinking you store
>>>> outputs which will be fewer because of the decimation.  As the input
>>>> data comes in the output samples can be built up and when one is
>>>> complete it is outputted and replaced by a new one.
>>>>
>>>> But read a proper reference.  If I wasn't busy today I'd dig this up
>>>> for you.
>>>
>>> Yes you do need to store N-1 previous inputs (plus 1 current input) for
>>> a length N polyphase FIR decimation by M. Just think first principles:
>>> for any output y[k], you need N inputs to compute it, even if k = n*M.
>>
>> I am pretty sure that conclusion is not correct.  When I was asked to
>> implement a polyphase filter that was the part I had trouble getting
>> my head around but finally understood how it worked.  At the time this
>> was being done on a very early DSP chip with very limited memory, so
>> storing the N-1 previous samples was not an option.  The guy
>> presenting the problem to me was the classic engineer who could read
>> and understand things, but couldn't explain anything to other people.
>> So I had to take the paper he gave me and finally figure it out for
>> myself.
>>
>> I will dig around when I get a chance and figure out exactly how this
>> worked.  But the basic idea is that instead of saving multiple inputs
>> and calculating the outputs one at a time (iterating over the stored
>> inputs) - as each input comes in it is iterated over the stored
>> outputs and each output is ... well output, when it has been fully
>> calculated. Since there are fewer outputs than inputs (by the
>> decimation factor of M) you store fewer outputs than you would inputs.
>>
>> This is not hard to understand if you just stop thinking it *has* to
>> be the way you are currently seeing it.  (shown here with simplified
>> notation since it is too messy to show the indexes with decimation)
>>
>> y(k)   = a(0)x(i)   + a(1)x(i-1) + a(2)x(i-2) + ...
>> y(k+1) = a(0)x(i+1) + a(1)x(i)   + a(2)x(i-1) + ...
>> y(k+2) = a(0)x(i+2) + a(1)x(i+1) + a(2)x(i)   + ...
>> y(k+3) = a(0)x(i+3) + a(1)x(i+2) + a(2)x(i+1) + ...
>>
>> Instead of thinking you have to calculate all the terms of y(k) at one
>> time (and so store the last N*M values of x), consider that when x(i)
>> arrives, you can calculate the x(i) terms and add them into y(k)
>> (which is then output) and y(k+1), y(k+2)...  This allows the storage
>> of fewer values by a factor of M.  It does require more memory fetches
>> than the standard MAC calculation since you have to fetch not only the
>> coefficient and the input, but also the intermediate output value
>> being calculated on each MAC operation.
>>
>> Maybe I won't have to dig it up.  I'm pretty sure this is how it
>> worked. It ties in nicely with the "polyphase" aspect to allow a
>> minimum number of calculations on arrival of each input since not all
>> the coefficients are used on each input.  So the coefficients are
>> divided into "phases" (N/M coefficients) with only one phase used for
>> any given input sample.
>
> Counter-example: Consider M = 8, N = 8 (8 coefficients and decimating by
> 8). Then each output y(k) depends on x(k*M + n), 0 < n < M - 1, and thus
> the sets of input values for different outputs are disjoint.

Yes, so what?  You still don't need to store any inputs to calculate the 
output.

-- 

Rick C

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Thread

How to downsample this signal? Piotr Wyderski <peter.pan@neverland.mil> - 2017-05-13 09:23 +0200
  Re: How to downsample this signal? Evgeny Filatov <filatov.ev@mipt.ru> - 2017-05-13 15:42 +0300
  Re: How to downsample this signal? bitterlemon40@yahoo.ie - 2017-05-13 07:53 -0700
  Re: How to downsample this signal? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2017-05-13 11:48 -0400
  Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <yates@digitalsignallabs.com> - 2017-05-13 12:58 -0400
    Re: How to downsample this signal? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2017-05-13 16:04 -0400
      Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <yates@digitalsignallabs.com> - 2017-05-14 14:19 -0400
    Re: How to downsample this signal? Piotr Wyderski <peter.pan@neverland.mil> - 2017-05-15 00:42 +0200
      Re: How to downsample this signal? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2017-05-15 00:46 -0400
        Re: How to downsample this signal? Piotr Wyderski <peter.pan@neverland.mil> - 2017-05-15 07:21 +0200
          Re: How to downsample this signal? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2017-05-15 10:51 -0400
            Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <randyy@garnerundergroundinc.com> - 2017-05-15 11:49 -0400
              Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <randyy@garnerundergroundinc.com> - 2017-05-15 17:20 -0400
              Re: How to downsample this signal? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2017-05-16 02:59 -0400
                Re: How to downsample this signal? eric.jacobsen@ieee.org - 2017-05-16 15:59 +0000
                Re: How to downsample this signal? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2017-05-16 15:36 -0400
                Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <randyy@garnerundergroundinc.com> - 2017-05-16 13:11 -0400
                Re: How to downsample this signal? eric.jacobsen@ieee.org - 2017-05-16 18:08 +0000
                Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <randyy@garnerundergroundinc.com> - 2017-05-16 15:35 -0400
                Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <randyy@garnerundergroundinc.com> - 2017-05-16 15:45 -0400
                Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <randyy@garnerundergroundinc.com> - 2017-05-16 15:50 -0400
                Re: How to downsample this signal? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2017-05-16 21:36 -0400
                Re: How to downsample this signal? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2017-05-16 15:35 -0400
                Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <randyy@garnerundergroundinc.com> - 2017-05-16 15:36 -0400
                Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <randyy@garnerundergroundinc.com> - 2017-05-16 15:40 -0400
                Re: How to downsample this signal? rickman <gnuarm@gmail.com> - 2017-05-16 22:06 -0400
                Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <yates@digitalsignallabs.com> - 2017-05-17 01:25 -0400
      Re: How to downsample this signal? Evgeny Filatov <filatov.ev@mipt.ru> - 2017-05-15 14:51 +0300
      Re: How to downsample this signal? Randy Yates <randyy@garnerundergroundinc.com> - 2017-05-15 10:37 -0400
  Re: How to downsample this signal? makolber@yahoo.com - 2017-05-15 06:27 -0700
    Re: How to downsample this signal? Piotr Wyderski <peter.pan@neverland.mil> - 2017-05-15 20:39 +0200

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