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Groups > comp.lang.c > #397913

Re: A thought of C

From Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com>
Newsgroups comp.lang.c
Subject Re: A thought of C
Date 2026-04-24 14:55 +0300
Organization A noiseless patient Spider
Message-ID <20260424145518.00001f7f@yahoo.com> (permalink)
References (12 earlier) <10se969$3vbuc$1@paganini.bofh.team> <10sec6o$3e343$1@dont-email.me> <10sef6d$3dgcd$5@kst.eternal-september.org> <10sfght$3mhj2$1@dont-email.me> <10sfj46$3n229$2@dont-email.me>

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On Fri, 24 Apr 2026 13:11:02 +0200
David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> wrote:

> On 24/04/2026 12:27, Bart wrote:
> > On 24/04/2026 01:57, Keith Thompson wrote:  
> >> Bart <bc@freeuk.com> writes:  
> >>> On 24/04/2026 00:15, Waldek Hebisch wrote:  
> >> [...]  
> >>> As I said these are low-level decisions of compiler. Usually I do
> >>> not worry about these, but they do come up sometimes.
> >>>
> >>> For example in a bignum library, a lot of gcc's advantage (it is
> >>> 2.x times faster) is because it optimises divides by a constant.
> >>>
> >>> There I could cheat and use that same code in my compiler for that
> >>> particular constant (10 and 1000000000 are used), but it would be
> >>> unethical.  
> >> [...]
> >>
> >> How would it be unethical?  
> > 
> > It would be unfairly skewing the results of a very specific
> > benchmark with a very specific constant.
> > 
> > That would give a misleading impression of the compiler's abilities 
> > involving division by constants in general.
> >   
> 
> No, it would give a very good idea of the compiler's ability to
> optimise division by constants.
> 

You misunderstood.
Bart says that if he adds peephole reciprocal optimization, just for
values of 10 and 1e9, to *his* compiler then it would be cheating.

> If you want to test its ability to divide by non-constants, do that.
> 
> > In other words, cheating.  
> 
> Not remotely.  If one tool does a better job than another tool, it is 
> not "cheating" just because your favourite did not win.
> 
> > 
> > There is a similar thing with multiplication by small integers,
> > which can be done with address modes and shifting, but those occur
> > more commonly and can benefit more programs. The special code
> > needed is also very simple.  
> 
> The cost/benefit trade-offs there are quite different here, and very 
> dependent on the target processor.  For some small integers, or
> specific larger ones (like powers of 2), there are obvious choices.
> Other than that, modern processors and microcontrollers usually have
> very fast hardware multipliers which are faster than shift-and-add
> arrangements. For very small or old devices, it can be a different
> matter.
> 
> Division hardware, on the other hand, is often slow, and often
> limited (such as only on one execution unit on a superscaler
> processor, and only partially pipelined).

Apple appears to have fully pipelined integer divider.
Integer dividers of newer x86-64 CPUs, starting from AMD Zen3, are
still only minimally pipelined, but latency improved a lot.
Still not improved enough to beat reciprocal method for division by
constant case.

>  So doing division of a
> constant by multiplying by a scaled reciprocal, then shifting, is
> almost always a better choice. Indeed, if you are going to do
> multiple divisions by the same non-constant integer, you are better
> off calculating (at runtime) a scaled reciprocal once, and then doing
> all those divisions by multiplies.  (gcc does not do that
> optimisation, AFAICS.)
> 
> Compile-time algorithms to handle multiply-by-scaled-reciprocal are
> not difficult, though there's a bit of fiddling to make sure it's
> exactly right, especially for signed types. 

It's actually easier for signed types, because input guaranteed to be
in narrower range.
For 32-bit signed division by positive x, reciprocal r, calculated as
r = (2**(floor(log2(x))+32)-1)/x + 1, would work for any x that is not
power of 2.
For unsigned case, it works for majority of x, but not for all of them.
For example, reciprocal division by 7, demonstrated in post of KT, would
not work for full 32-bit unsigned range.

> (Your language signed
> division rounding may not be defined the same way as in C.)  Whether
> you think it is worth doing or not in your own tools, for specific
> constants or all constants, is entirely up to you.  But it is not
> "cheating" if other tools do it.
> 

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Thread

A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-14 22:47 +0800
  Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-14 18:45 +0100
    Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 02:41 +0800
      Re: A thought of C Jonathan Lamothe <jonathan@jlamothe.net> - 2026-04-14 15:56 -0400
      Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-14 22:41 +0100
        Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-15 00:20 +0200
          Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 00:33 +0100
            Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-15 09:57 +0200
              Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 15:43 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-16 09:10 +0200
              Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:12 -0700
              Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:12 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:20 -0700
            Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-16 06:28 -0400
              Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 14:03 -0700
              Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-16 22:13 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 14:33 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-16 20:26 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-17 12:27 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-17 14:37 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-17 16:37 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-17 15:54 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-17 14:49 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-17 16:45 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-17 17:42 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-17 10:22 -0700
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-18 03:41 +0800
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-18 15:37 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-18 16:08 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-18 17:35 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-19 13:44 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-19 16:06 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-18 17:35 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-18 18:29 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-19 12:17 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-19 12:50 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-19 14:17 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-19 15:28 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-19 17:47 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-19 18:47 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-19 21:32 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 00:36 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-20 08:25 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 12:45 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-20 15:02 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 15:32 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-20 18:04 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 10:50 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 20:50 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 14:30 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 23:09 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-22 05:01 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-22 04:53 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 10:48 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 21:13 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-20 20:27 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 15:04 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 09:00 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 14:59 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 23:36 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 18:22 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 11:01 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 13:44 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 13:48 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 15:43 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 16:01 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 18:03 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 09:19 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 18:51 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 13:16 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-22 01:01 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 19:53 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 09:40 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-22 13:01 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 14:23 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 00:52 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 19:26 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 11:30 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 13:12 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-23 15:12 +0300
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-23 14:18 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-23 17:35 +0300
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-23 10:32 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-23 17:45 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 13:43 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 16:40 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 17:42 +0100
                Re: A thought of C DFS <nospam@dfs.com> - 2026-04-25 10:38 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 15:16 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 13:50 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 04:43 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 13:33 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-23 14:22 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-23 17:39 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 17:02 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 14:40 +0200
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-23 14:17 +0000
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-23 19:42 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 22:04 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-23 23:15 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-24 01:06 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 17:57 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-24 08:27 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 01:33 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-24 11:27 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-24 13:11 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-24 14:55 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-24 14:05 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-24 17:26 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 10:09 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 10:14 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-23 16:10 +0200
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 08:25 +0200
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-23 17:41 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 20:19 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-25 23:04 +0000
                time measurements (Re: A thought of C) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-26 12:34 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 09:03 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 08:58 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 12:40 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 22:56 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 15:07 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 10:28 +0200
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 10:13 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 11:51 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 22:13 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 14:28 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 14:29 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 09:22 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 02:03 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 02:07 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 11:30 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 14:06 -0700
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-21 00:39 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 02:34 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-21 23:41 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-22 12:49 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 10:01 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 12:12 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 13:57 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-21 15:55 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 14:49 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-21 18:44 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 18:06 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-21 21:24 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 13:02 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-23 08:07 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-21 21:12 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 12:48 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-22 04:36 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 20:13 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-22 15:14 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 17:56 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 17:12 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 18:21 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 17:57 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 19:16 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 21:42 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 14:33 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 00:22 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 18:59 -0700
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 11:07 +0800
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 09:47 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 23:16 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 10:58 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 03:43 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 12:48 +0200
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-23 10:42 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 16:30 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-23 09:21 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 17:27 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-25 14:19 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 17:25 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-23 21:17 -0400
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 14:08 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 23:18 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-24 01:31 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 17:51 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:19 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-23 21:34 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-24 04:26 +0200
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-24 20:26 -0400
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:21 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:21 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:20 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:23 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:27 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:57 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 20:26 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 23:03 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 23:50 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-25 12:04 -0400
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 12:00 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-25 21:24 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-25 13:52 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-25 22:27 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-26 00:48 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 15:49 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-26 02:24 +0300
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-25 20:07 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 17:14 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-26 04:34 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 18:08 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-25 17:20 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-26 01:47 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 18:40 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-25 19:58 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 15:39 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-26 00:53 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 18:27 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-26 02:41 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 19:03 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 19:08 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-26 05:04 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-26 12:32 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-26 15:13 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-26 16:27 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-26 17:19 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-26 15:34 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-27 19:30 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-26 12:14 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-26 15:23 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-26 20:02 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-26 04:24 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 20:05 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-26 05:16 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 21:26 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-26 17:51 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 15:31 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-25 20:19 -0400
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 18:11 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 18:34 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-26 20:58 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:44 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 20:24 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 23:01 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 23:49 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 20:26 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 09:42 +0200
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-20 13:49 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 18:34 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-20 22:57 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 23:03 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 10:53 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 02:56 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 14:10 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-21 21:04 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 08:28 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 11:31 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-21 14:27 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 15:38 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-21 15:38 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 17:55 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-21 17:28 +0000
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 11:13 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-21 19:11 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-21 21:09 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-22 15:16 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-22 15:13 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 18:26 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Lew Pitcher <lew.pitcher@digitalfreehold.ca> - 2026-04-22 16:09 +0000
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 08:18 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 01:56 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-24 02:29 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 18:18 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-24 03:57 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 19:11 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-23 09:14 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 17:27 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 18:52 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-22 20:39 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-23 13:15 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 12:50 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-23 08:46 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-24 02:40 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 18:31 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-22 20:37 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 02:37 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-23 06:46 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-19 16:54 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-19 16:02 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-20 00:49 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 17:17 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-26 22:57 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-27 02:55 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-27 02:06 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-29 02:00 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-29 04:31 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-19 15:36 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-17 10:25 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-17 16:30 -0400
        Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 12:20 +0800
          Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 11:21 +0100
            Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 19:52 +0800
              Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 14:24 +0100
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 00:40 +0800
  Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-14 15:31 -0700
    Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 12:15 +0800
      Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-14 21:46 -0700
        Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 14:05 +0800
          Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-15 10:24 +0200
          Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 11:46 +0100
            Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 20:21 +0800
              Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 20:26 +0800
              Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-15 15:38 +0200
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 00:58 +0800
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-15 22:11 +0200
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 05:38 +0800
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 15:48 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:31 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-16 09:13 +0200
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-16 04:43 +0000
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-16 09:23 +0200
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-16 14:38 +0000
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-16 17:05 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Lew Pitcher <lew.pitcher@digitalfreehold.ca> - 2026-04-16 15:11 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-16 17:43 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Lew Pitcher <lew.pitcher@digitalfreehold.ca> - 2026-04-16 16:23 +0000
                Re: A thought of C cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2026-04-16 19:48 +0000
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-16 19:04 +0000
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-16 19:01 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 15:34 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:29 -0700
              Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 15:06 +0100
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 05:12 +0800
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 23:52 +0100
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 07:30 +0800
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-16 00:50 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Jonathan Lamothe <jonathan@jlamothe.net> - 2026-04-15 20:17 -0400
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-16 09:35 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:37 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:40 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:47 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-16 13:19 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 14:28 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:34 -0700
          Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 15:12 -0700
            Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 07:22 +0800
              Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 16:52 -0700
                [meta] signature quote (was Re: A thought of C) Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-16 03:13 +0200
  Re: A thought of C 🇵🇱Jacek Marcin Jaworski🇵🇱 <jmj@energokod.gda.pl> - 2026-04-15 07:00 +0200
  Re: A thought of C makendo <makendo@makendo.invalid> - 2026-04-15 21:40 +0800
    Re: A thought of C Jonathan Lamothe <jonathan@jlamothe.net> - 2026-04-15 10:51 -0400
      Re: A thought of C makendo <makendo@makendo.invalid> - 2026-04-16 12:44 +0800
    Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 01:11 +0800
    Re: A thought of C 🇵🇱Jacek Marcin Jaworski🇵🇱 <jmj@energokod.gda.pl> - 2026-04-15 20:23 +0200
      Re: A thought of C "Kerr-Mudd, John" <admin@127.0.0.1> - 2026-04-15 21:01 +0100
        Re: A thought of C 🇵🇱Jacek Marcin Jaworski🇵🇱 <jmj@energokod.gda.pl> - 2026-04-15 22:40 +0200
          Re: A thought of C "Kerr-Mudd, John" <admin@127.0.0.1> - 2026-04-16 11:38 +0100
            Re: A thought of C "Kerr-Mudd, John" <admin@127.0.0.1> - 2026-04-30 11:31 +0100
    Re: A thought of C Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-04-19 07:41 +0000
  Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-15 17:14 -0700
    Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 09:27 +0800
      Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 19:04 -0700
        Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 18:42 +0800
          Re: A thought of C gazelle@shell.xmission.com (Kenny McCormack) - 2026-04-16 13:10 +0000
            Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 22:21 +0800
              Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-16 17:03 +0200
          Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 22:14 +0800
            Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-18 22:17 +0800
              Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 06:29 +0800
              Re: A thought of C Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-04-24 02:27 +0000
      Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-16 04:05 +0200
    Re: A thought of C cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2026-04-16 11:24 +0000
  Re: A thought of C Rosario19 <Ros@invalid.invalid> - 2026-04-18 11:33 +0200

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