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Re: A thought of C

From Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com>
Newsgroups comp.lang.c
Subject Re: A thought of C
Date 2026-04-22 20:37 -0700
Organization A noiseless patient Spider
Message-ID <86340m5ou8.fsf@linuxsc.com> (permalink)
References (12 earlier) <10s3akj$7ajg$1@dont-email.me> <10s3otn$bk6v$1@dont-email.me> <10s5atn$2sck7$1@paganini.bofh.team> <86ik9j63hc.fsf@linuxsc.com> <10sal8n$2967c$2@dont-email.me>

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Bart <bc@freeuk.com> writes:

> On 22/04/2026 05:09, Tim Rentsch wrote:
>
>> antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) writes:
>>
>>> Bart <bc@freeuk.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> On 19/04/2026 20:32, David Brown wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> On 19/04/2026 19:47, Bart wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> Get the value of 'b',
>>>>>
>>>>> You can't do that.  "b" has no value.  "b" is indeterminate, and
>>>>> using its value is UB - the code has no meaning right out of the
>>>>> gate.
>>>>>
>>>>> When you use "b" in an expression, you are /not/ asking C to read
>>>>> the bits and bytes stored at the address of the object "b".  You
>>>>> are asking for the /value/ of the object "b".  How the compiler
>>>>> gets that value is up to the compiler - it can read the memory, or
>>>>> use a stored copy in a register, or use program analysis to know
>>>>> what the value is in some other way.  And if the object "b" does
>>>>> not have a value, you are asking the impossible.
>>>>>
>>>>> Try asking a human "You have two numbers, b and c.  Add them.
>>>>> What is the answer?".
>>>>
>>>> You have two slates A and B which someone should have wiped clean
>>>> then written a new number on each.
>>>>
>>>> But that part hasn't been done;  they each still have an old number
>>>> from their last use.
>>>>
>>>> You can still add them together, nothing bad will happen.  It just
>>>> may be the wrong answer if the purpose of the exercise was to find
>>>> the sum of two specific new numbers.
>>>>
>>>> But the purpose may also be see how good they are adding.  Or in
>>>> following instructions.
>>>>
>>>>>> whatever it happens to be, add the value of 'c' scaled by 8, and
>>>>>> store the result it into 'a'.  The only things to consider are
>>>>>> that some intermediate results may lose the top bits.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Is 'a = b' equally undefined?  If so that C is even crazy than
>>>>>> I'd thought.
>>>>>
>>>>> If "a" or "b" are indeterminate, then using them is undefined.  I
>>>>> have two things - are they the same colour?  How is that supposed
>>>>> to make sense?
>>>>>
>>>>> You keep thinking of objects like "b" as a section of memory with
>>>>> a bit pattern in it.  Objects are not that simple in C - C is not
>>>>> assembly.
>>>>
>>>> Why ISN'T it that simple?  What ghastly thing would happen if it
>>>> was?
>>>>
>>>> "b" will be some location in memory or it might be some register,
>>>> and it WILL have a value.  That value happens to be unknown until
>>>> it is initialised.
>>>>
>>>> So accessing it will return garbage (unless you know exactly what
>>>> you are doing then it may be something useful).
>>>>
>>>> My original example was something like 'a = b + c' (I think in my
>>>> language), converted to my IL, then expressed in very low-level C.
>>>>
>>>> You were concerned that in that C, the values weren't initialised.
>>>> How would that have affected the code that C compiler generated
>>>> from that?
>>>
>>> You look at trivial example, where AFAICS the best answer is:
>>> "Compiler follows general rules, why should it make exception for
>>> this case?".  Note that in this trivial case "interesting"
>>> behaviour could happen on exotic hardware (probably disallowed
>>> by C23 rules, but AFAICS legal for earlier C versions).
>>
>> The kinds of behavior Bart is asking about has been undefined
>> behavior for just over 15 years, since 2011 ISO C.
>
> So what was it between 1972 and 2011?

Between 1989 and 2011 the behavior was either always undefined or
potentially undefined, depending on when, on what data types are
involved, on some implementation-specific choices, and on how one
reads some passages in the C standard that unfortunately were not
written as clearly as they might have been.

Between 1978 and 1989, the defining document for C was K&R's "The
C Programming Language."  K&R doesn't have a notion of undefined
behavior;  but, neither does it give a definition of what happens
in such cases.  I think it's fair to say that during this time
period the behavior was "not defined", as opposed to being
specifically "undefined behavior".  K&R is written in an informal
style, and is meant to be read as such.

Between 1972 and 1978 Unix was not available to the general public,
and I think for all practical purposes neither was C.  Also AFAIAA
there was no recognized defining document for C during that time.
IIRC there were some papers written about C before 1978, but nothing
like a real language manual.  So the answer seems to be either that
the question doesn't make sense or that everything is "undefined
behavior" because there is no language manual that defines it.

I think the key point is that, TTBOMK, nothing has been written to
exclude the possibility of arbitrary (aka "undefined") behavior when
reading uninitialized memory, perhaps not counting some special
cases such as reading via type unsigned char.

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Thread

A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-14 22:47 +0800
  Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-14 18:45 +0100
    Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 02:41 +0800
      Re: A thought of C Jonathan Lamothe <jonathan@jlamothe.net> - 2026-04-14 15:56 -0400
      Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-14 22:41 +0100
        Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-15 00:20 +0200
          Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 00:33 +0100
            Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-15 09:57 +0200
              Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 15:43 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-16 09:10 +0200
              Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:12 -0700
              Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:12 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:20 -0700
            Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-16 06:28 -0400
              Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 14:03 -0700
              Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-16 22:13 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 14:33 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-16 20:26 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-17 12:27 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-17 14:37 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-17 16:37 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-17 15:54 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-17 14:49 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-17 16:45 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-17 17:42 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-17 10:22 -0700
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-18 03:41 +0800
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-18 15:37 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-18 16:08 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-18 17:35 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-19 13:44 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-19 16:06 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-18 17:35 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-18 18:29 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-19 12:17 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-19 12:50 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-19 14:17 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-19 15:28 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-19 17:47 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-19 18:47 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-19 21:32 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 00:36 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-20 08:25 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 12:45 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-20 15:02 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 15:32 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-20 18:04 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 10:50 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 20:50 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 14:30 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 23:09 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-22 05:01 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-22 04:53 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 10:48 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 21:13 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-20 20:27 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 15:04 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 09:00 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 14:59 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 23:36 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-20 18:22 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 11:01 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 13:44 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 13:48 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 15:43 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 16:01 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 18:03 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 09:19 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 18:51 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 13:16 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-22 01:01 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 19:53 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 09:40 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-22 13:01 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 14:23 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 00:52 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 19:26 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 11:30 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 13:12 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-23 15:12 +0300
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-23 14:18 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-23 17:35 +0300
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-23 10:32 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-23 17:45 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 13:43 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 16:40 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 17:42 +0100
                Re: A thought of C DFS <nospam@dfs.com> - 2026-04-25 10:38 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 15:16 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 13:50 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 04:43 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 13:33 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-23 14:22 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-23 17:39 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 17:02 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 14:40 +0200
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-23 14:17 +0000
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-23 19:42 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 22:04 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-23 23:15 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-24 01:06 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 17:57 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-24 08:27 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 01:33 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-24 11:27 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-24 13:11 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-24 14:55 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-24 14:05 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-24 17:26 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 10:09 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 10:14 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-23 16:10 +0200
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 08:25 +0200
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-23 17:41 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 20:19 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-25 23:04 +0000
                time measurements (Re: A thought of C) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-26 12:34 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 09:03 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 08:58 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 12:40 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 22:56 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 15:07 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 10:28 +0200
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 10:13 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 11:51 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 22:13 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 14:28 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 14:29 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 09:22 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 02:03 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 02:07 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 11:30 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 14:06 -0700
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-21 00:39 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 02:34 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-21 23:41 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-22 12:49 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 10:01 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 12:12 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 13:57 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-21 15:55 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 14:49 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-21 18:44 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 18:06 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-21 21:24 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 13:02 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-23 08:07 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-21 21:12 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 12:48 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-22 04:36 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 20:13 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-22 15:14 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 17:56 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 17:12 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 18:21 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 17:57 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 19:16 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 21:42 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 14:33 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 00:22 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 18:59 -0700
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 11:07 +0800
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 09:47 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-22 23:16 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 10:58 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 03:43 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 12:48 +0200
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-23 10:42 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 16:30 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-23 09:21 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 17:27 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-25 14:19 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 17:25 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-23 21:17 -0400
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 14:08 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-23 23:18 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-24 01:31 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 17:51 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:19 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-23 21:34 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-24 04:26 +0200
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-24 20:26 -0400
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:21 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:21 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:20 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:23 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:27 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:57 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 20:26 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 23:03 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 23:50 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-25 12:04 -0400
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 12:00 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-25 21:24 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-25 13:52 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-25 22:27 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-26 00:48 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 15:49 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-26 02:24 +0300
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-25 20:07 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 17:14 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-26 04:34 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 18:08 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-25 17:20 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-26 01:47 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 18:40 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-25 19:58 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 15:39 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-26 00:53 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 18:27 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-26 02:41 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 19:03 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 19:08 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-26 05:04 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-26 12:32 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-26 15:13 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-26 16:27 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-26 17:19 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-26 15:34 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-27 19:30 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-26 12:14 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-26 15:23 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-26 20:02 -0400
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-26 04:24 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 20:05 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-26 05:16 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 21:26 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-26 17:51 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 15:31 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-25 20:19 -0400
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 18:11 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-25 18:34 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-26 20:58 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 18:44 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 20:24 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 23:01 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 23:49 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-24 20:26 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 09:42 +0200
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-20 13:49 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 18:34 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-20 22:57 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 23:03 +0100
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 10:53 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 02:56 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-21 14:10 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-21 21:04 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 08:28 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 11:31 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-21 14:27 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 15:38 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-21 15:38 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-21 17:55 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-21 17:28 +0000
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 11:13 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-21 19:11 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-21 21:09 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-22 15:16 +0100
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-22 15:13 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 18:26 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Lew Pitcher <lew.pitcher@digitalfreehold.ca> - 2026-04-22 16:09 +0000
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 08:18 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 01:56 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-24 02:29 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 18:18 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-24 03:57 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 19:11 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-23 09:14 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-22 17:27 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-22 18:52 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-22 20:39 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-23 13:15 +0300
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-23 12:50 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-23 08:46 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-24 02:40 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 18:31 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-22 20:37 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-23 02:37 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-23 06:46 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-04-19 16:54 +0300
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-19 16:02 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-20 00:49 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-20 17:17 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-26 22:57 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-27 02:55 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-27 02:06 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-29 02:00 +0100
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-29 04:31 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-19 15:36 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-17 10:25 -0700
                Re: A thought of C James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-04-17 16:30 -0400
        Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 12:20 +0800
          Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 11:21 +0100
            Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 19:52 +0800
              Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 14:24 +0100
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 00:40 +0800
  Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-14 15:31 -0700
    Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 12:15 +0800
      Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-14 21:46 -0700
        Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 14:05 +0800
          Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-15 10:24 +0200
          Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 11:46 +0100
            Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 20:21 +0800
              Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 20:26 +0800
              Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-15 15:38 +0200
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 00:58 +0800
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-15 22:11 +0200
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 05:38 +0800
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 15:48 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:31 -0700
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-16 09:13 +0200
                Re: A thought of C antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-04-16 04:43 +0000
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-16 09:23 +0200
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-16 14:38 +0000
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-16 17:05 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Lew Pitcher <lew.pitcher@digitalfreehold.ca> - 2026-04-16 15:11 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-16 17:43 +0200
                Re: A thought of C Lew Pitcher <lew.pitcher@digitalfreehold.ca> - 2026-04-16 16:23 +0000
                Re: A thought of C cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2026-04-16 19:48 +0000
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-16 19:04 +0000
                Re: A thought of C scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-04-16 19:01 +0000
                Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 15:34 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:29 -0700
              Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 15:06 +0100
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 05:12 +0800
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-15 23:52 +0100
                Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 07:30 +0800
                Re: A thought of C Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-04-16 00:50 +0100
                Re: A thought of C Jonathan Lamothe <jonathan@jlamothe.net> - 2026-04-15 20:17 -0400
                Re: A thought of C David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-04-16 09:35 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:37 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:40 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:47 -0700
                Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-16 13:19 +0200
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 14:28 -0700
                Re: A thought of C "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 23:34 -0700
          Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 15:12 -0700
            Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 07:22 +0800
              Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 16:52 -0700
                [meta] signature quote (was Re: A thought of C) Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-16 03:13 +0200
  Re: A thought of C 🇵🇱Jacek Marcin Jaworski🇵🇱 <jmj@energokod.gda.pl> - 2026-04-15 07:00 +0200
  Re: A thought of C makendo <makendo@makendo.invalid> - 2026-04-15 21:40 +0800
    Re: A thought of C Jonathan Lamothe <jonathan@jlamothe.net> - 2026-04-15 10:51 -0400
      Re: A thought of C makendo <makendo@makendo.invalid> - 2026-04-16 12:44 +0800
    Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 01:11 +0800
    Re: A thought of C 🇵🇱Jacek Marcin Jaworski🇵🇱 <jmj@energokod.gda.pl> - 2026-04-15 20:23 +0200
      Re: A thought of C "Kerr-Mudd, John" <admin@127.0.0.1> - 2026-04-15 21:01 +0100
        Re: A thought of C 🇵🇱Jacek Marcin Jaworski🇵🇱 <jmj@energokod.gda.pl> - 2026-04-15 22:40 +0200
          Re: A thought of C "Kerr-Mudd, John" <admin@127.0.0.1> - 2026-04-16 11:38 +0100
            Re: A thought of C "Kerr-Mudd, John" <admin@127.0.0.1> - 2026-04-30 11:31 +0100
    Re: A thought of C Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-04-19 07:41 +0000
  Re: A thought of C Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-04-15 17:14 -0700
    Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 09:27 +0800
      Re: A thought of C Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-04-15 19:04 -0700
        Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 18:42 +0800
          Re: A thought of C gazelle@shell.xmission.com (Kenny McCormack) - 2026-04-16 13:10 +0000
            Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 22:21 +0800
              Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-16 17:03 +0200
          Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-16 22:14 +0800
            Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-18 22:17 +0800
              Re: A thought of C wij <wyniijj5@gmail.com> - 2026-04-21 06:29 +0800
              Re: A thought of C Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-04-24 02:27 +0000
      Re: A thought of C Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-04-16 04:05 +0200
    Re: A thought of C cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2026-04-16 11:24 +0000
  Re: A thought of C Rosario19 <Ros@invalid.invalid> - 2026-04-18 11:33 +0200

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