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Groups > comp.arch > #109362 > unrolled thread

Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress)

Started bymitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1)
First post2024-10-01 19:02 +0000
Last post2024-10-03 00:30 +0000
Articles 20 on this page of 456 — 31 participants

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Contents

  Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-01 19:02 +0000
    Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-01 20:00 +0000
      Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-01 21:04 +0000
        Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-01 23:38 +0000
          Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-03 00:31 +0000
            Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-03 01:26 +0000
            Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-03 06:28 +0000
            Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-03 09:21 +0200
              Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-03 09:39 +0000
                Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-03 14:34 +0200
                Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-03 22:17 +0000
                  Re: Byte ordering Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> - 2024-10-03 15:33 -1000
                  Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-04 11:23 +0200
                    Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-04 17:30 +0000
                      Re: Byte ordering BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-04 14:05 -0500
                        Re: Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-04 23:06 +0000
                          Re: Byte ordering BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-04 19:44 -0500
                            Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-05 06:35 +0000
                          Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-05 06:34 +0000
                      Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-05 06:31 +0000
                        Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-05 17:52 +0000
                          Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-05 18:11 +0000
                            Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-05 22:53 +0300
                              Re: Byte ordering Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-06 22:07 +0200
                              Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-06 21:53 +0000
                                Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 06:29 +0000
                                  Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 16:16 +0000
                                    Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 19:57 +0300
                                      Re: Byte ordering Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-07 16:00 -0400
                                        Re: Byte ordering Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-08 00:11 +0300
                                      Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 21:46 +0000
                                        Re: Byte ordering Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-08 10:40 +0200
                      Re: Byte ordering David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-06 11:58 +0200
                        Re: Byte ordering anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-06 13:04 +0000
                          Re: Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2024-10-06 16:34 +0100
                            Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 06:32 +0000
                              Re: Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2024-10-08 22:28 +0100
                                Re: Byte ordering EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-10-09 13:37 -0400
                                  VMS/NT memory management (was: Byte ordering) Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-09 16:01 -0400
                                    Re: VMS/NT memory management (was: Byte ordering) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-09 23:16 +0000
                                      Re: VMS/NT memory management EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-10-11 15:21 -0400
                                        Re: VMS/NT memory management scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-12 15:20 +0000
                                  Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-14 23:55 +0000
                                    Re: Byte ordering Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 11:16 +0300
                                      Re: Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2024-10-15 18:40 +0100
                                      Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-18 05:56 +0000
                                    Re: Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2024-10-15 18:40 +0100
                                      Re: Byte ordering scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-15 18:57 +0000
                                      Re: Byte ordering George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-15 19:51 -0400
                                        Re: Byte ordering Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-16 07:36 +0200
                                          Re: Byte ordering David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-16 09:17 +0200
                                            Re: Byte ordering George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-16 21:19 -0400
                                              Re: Byte ordering David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-17 14:39 +0200
                                            Re: clouds, not Byte ordering John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-17 02:35 +0000
                                              Re: clouds, not Byte ordering David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-17 14:41 +0200
                                      Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-18 05:57 +0000
                                    Re: Byte ordering "Paul A. Clayton" <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2024-10-16 11:34 -0400
                                      Re: Microkernels & Capabilities (was Re: Byte ordering) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-18 05:54 +0000
                                Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-14 23:51 +0000
                                  Re: Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-15 00:17 +0000
                            80286 protected mode anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-07 07:33 +0000
                              Re: 80286 protected mode Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2024-10-07 12:42 +0000
                                Re: 80286 protected mode Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-07 15:17 +0200
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 17:45 +0300
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 21:55 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-08 10:44 +0200
                              Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 16:32 +0000
                                Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 20:03 +0300
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 17:40 +0000
                              Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 21:52 +0000
                              Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-07 23:13 +0000
                                Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-08 06:16 +0000
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-08 20:53 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-09 08:48 +0200
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-14 23:46 +0000
                                Re: 80286 protected mode anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-08 07:28 +0000
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-08 07:28 -0400
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-09 10:24 +0200
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-09 16:28 +0000
                                      Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-09 16:42 +0000
                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-09 22:20 +0200
                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2024-10-09 14:52 -0700
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-10 00:33 +0000
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-10 08:30 +0200
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-10 08:24 +0200
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-11 08:15 -0700
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-15 17:26 -0400
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-15 21:55 +0000
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-15 22:05 +0000
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-16 00:24 +0000
                                                    Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-16 01:08 +0000
                                                      Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-16 02:48 +0000
                                                        Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-16 03:09 +0000
                                                          Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-17 19:49 +0000
                                                            Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-17 21:03 +0000
                                                            Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-20 07:08 +0000
                                                              Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-20 15:49 -0400
                                                                Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-21 18:19 -0700
                                                                  Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-22 17:28 -0400
                                                      Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-16 10:04 +0200
                                                      Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode "Paul A. Clayton" <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2024-10-16 15:07 -0400
                                                        Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-16 19:41 +0000
                                                          Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-17 16:13 +0200
                                                        Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-20 07:07 +0000
                                                          Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode "Paul A. Clayton" <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2024-10-20 12:14 -0400
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-16 15:38 +0000
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-16 23:06 -0400
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-17 03:16 -0700
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-17 16:16 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-16 20:00 +0000
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-16 22:18 +0000
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-17 01:18 -0700
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-17 00:40 -0700
                                                        Re: fine points of dynamic memory allocation, not 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-17 18:31 +0000
                                                          Re: fine points of dynamic memory allocation, not 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-17 19:01 +0000
                                                            Re: fine points of dynamic memory allocation, not 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-17 19:32 +0000
                                                              Re: fine points of dynamic memory allocation, not 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-17 21:01 +0000
                                                          Re: fine points of dynamic memory allocation, not 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-18 07:12 -0700
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-17 02:48 -0700
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-16 09:38 +0200
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-16 23:32 -0400
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-17 16:25 +0200
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-17 03:17 -0700
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-16 09:21 +0200
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-16 11:18 -0400
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-16 19:57 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-21 14:04 -0400
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2024-10-18 17:38 +0100
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-18 21:45 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2024-10-20 21:51 +0100
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-21 08:58 +0200
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-21 09:21 +0200
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-21 18:32 -0700
                                                            Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-22 08:27 +0200
                                                              Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-23 07:25 -0700
                                                                Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-23 18:11 +0000
                                                                  Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-23 18:27 +0000
                                                                    Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-23 21:12 +0200
                                                                      Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2024-10-27 20:45 +0000
                                                                  Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-23 21:11 +0200
                                                                    Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-23 21:01 +0000
                                                                      Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-24 07:39 +0200
                                                                        Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-24 18:32 +0000
                                                                          Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-28 11:39 +0100
                                                                          Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-28 16:30 +0000
                                                                            Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2024-10-28 10:12 -0700
                                                                              Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-28 18:14 +0000
                                                                            Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-10-28 15:24 -0400
                                                                              Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-29 06:33 +0000
                                                                                Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-29 08:07 +0100
                                                                                  Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-29 19:57 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-29 20:21 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-29 21:27 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-29 20:30 +0000
                                                                                Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-10-29 14:29 -0400
                                                                          Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-29 14:19 -0400
                                                                Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-23 21:09 +0200
                                                                Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-24 06:55 +0000
                                                                  Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-24 10:00 +0200
                                                                    Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-24 16:34 +0000
                                                      Re: portable malloc Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-21 23:17 +0000
                                                        Re: portable malloc mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-21 23:52 +0000
                                                          Re: portable malloc Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-22 01:09 +0000
                                                            Re: portable malloc George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-22 17:26 -0400
                                                        Re: portable malloc Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2024-10-27 20:42 +0000
                                                          Re: portable malloc Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-27 21:04 +0000
                                                          Re: portable malloc David Schultz <david.schultz@earthlink.net> - 2024-10-27 17:55 -0500
                                                          Re: tiny portable malloc John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-27 23:58 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-09 18:10 +0000
                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-09 22:22 +0200
                                        Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-09 21:37 +0000
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-10 08:31 +0200
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-10 18:38 +0000
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-10 21:21 +0200
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-10 20:00 +0000
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-10 23:54 +0300
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-10 21:03 +0000
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2024-10-10 16:19 -0500
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-11 13:37 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-11 15:13 +0300
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-11 16:54 +0200
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 12:00 +0300
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-13 14:10 +0200
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-10 21:30 +0000
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-11 14:10 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-11 18:55 +0000
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-12 00:02 +0200
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-11 23:32 +0000
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-12 17:16 +0200
                                                            Re: 80286 protected mode Bernd Linsel <bl1-thispartdoesnotbelonghere@gmx.com> - 2024-10-12 19:26 +0200
                                                              Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-13 12:57 +0200
                                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 19:36 +0000
                                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-13 19:43 +0000
                                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 23:01 +0300
                                                            Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-12 18:33 +0000
                                                              Re: 80286 protected mode Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2024-10-13 10:31 +0300
                                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 12:26 +0300
                                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2024-10-13 13:33 +0300
                                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2024-10-13 15:32 -0500
                                                              Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-13 13:58 +0200
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-12 05:06 +0000
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 12:36 -0500
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-12 18:17 +0000
                                                            Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-12 18:37 +0000
                                                              Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 01:25 +0000
                                                              Re: 80286 protected mode "Paul A. Clayton" <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 23:09 -0400
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-12 18:32 +0000
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 10:56 +0300
                                                            Re: 80286 protected mode "Paul A. Clayton" <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2024-10-13 13:32 -0400
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-13 21:21 +0200
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-14 15:19 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-14 16:40 +0200
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-14 17:19 +0200
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-14 19:08 +0300
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-15 10:53 +0200
                                                            memcpy and friend (was: 80286 protected mode) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 13:12 +0300
                                                              Re: memcpy and friend (was: 80286 protected mode) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-15 13:20 +0200
                                                                Re: memcpy and friend (was: 80286 protected mode) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 14:55 +0300
                                                                  Re: memcpy and friend (was: 80286 protected mode) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-15 14:03 +0200
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-18 06:00 -0700
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-18 05:39 -0700
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-12 05:11 -0700
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-13 15:45 +0000
                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-14 17:04 +0200
                                        Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-14 19:02 +0000
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-14 22:20 +0300
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-15 00:14 +0000
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 10:41 +0300
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-14 19:39 +0000
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-15 00:15 +0000
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-18 12:47 +0300
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-18 14:06 +0000
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-18 17:34 +0300
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-18 16:19 +0000
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-19 19:46 +0300
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-15 12:38 +0200
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 14:22 +0300
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-15 14:09 +0200
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 19:46 +0000
                              Re: 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-08 16:00 +0000
                                Re: 80286 protected mode anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-08 16:23 +0000
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-08 21:03 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-15 05:20 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 11:59 +0300
                                      Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-18 07:01 +0000
                          Re: Byte ordering antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-03 03:37 +0000
                            Re: Byte ordering anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-03 08:38 +0000
                              Re: Byte ordering scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-03 18:11 +0000
                              Re: Byte ordering antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-04 22:40 +0000
                                Re: Byte ordering Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-05 08:54 +0100
                                80286 protected mode (was: Byte ordering) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-05 11:10 +0000
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode (was: Byte ordering) Robert Swindells <rjs@fdy2.co.uk> - 2025-01-05 18:30 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2025-01-05 16:38 -0500
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-05 21:49 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-01-05 23:01 -0500
                                      Segments (was: 80286 protected mode) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-06 08:24 +0000
                                        Re: Segments (was: 80286 protected mode) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-06 14:41 +0200
                                        Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-06 16:05 +0100
                                          Re: Segments anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-06 16:36 +0000
                                            Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-06 19:49 +0000
                                          Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-06 19:41 +0000
                                            Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-07 11:45 +0100
                                          Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-06 22:02 +0000
                                            Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-06 22:57 +0000
                                              Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-07 11:05 +0000
                                                Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-07 14:43 +0000
                                                  Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-07 17:04 +0200
                                                    Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-07 15:28 +0000
                                                      Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-07 16:41 +0000
                                                    Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-07 20:16 +0000
                                                      Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-07 21:26 +0000
                                                      Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-07 22:01 +0000
                                                        Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-07 23:16 +0000
                                                          Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-08 11:53 +0000
                                                            Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-11 22:31 +0000
                                                Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-14 17:46 -0800
                                                  Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-15 07:09 +0000
                                                    Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-15 14:00 +0200
                                                      Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-15 18:00 +0000
                                                        Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-15 22:28 +0200
                                                          Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-15 20:59 +0000
                                                            Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 12:36 +0100
                                                              Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-16 14:35 +0200
                                                                Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 13:59 +0100
                                                                  Re: Segments antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-16 16:46 +0000
                                                                    Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-16 18:12 +0000
                                                                      Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-16 18:30 +0000
                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-18 03:08 +0000
                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-01-18 10:59 +0200
                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-18 19:41 +0000
                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-19 17:33 +0100
                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-19 18:28 +0000
                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-20 12:55 +0200
                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-20 11:12 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-20 22:05 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-21 01:25 +0200
                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-21 00:17 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-21 06:21 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments Bill Findlay <findlaybill@blueyonder.co.uk> - 2025-01-21 10:36 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-21 17:49 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-02-03 14:09 -0500
                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-03 21:13 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-03 21:23 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-03 22:47 +0000
                                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-03 23:11 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-05 12:11 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-05 14:55 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-05 23:36 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-06 11:41 -0500
                                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-06 17:13 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-06 13:51 -0500
                                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-02-06 12:06 -0800
                                                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-06 16:53 -0500
                                                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-07 02:53 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-09 15:45 -0500
                                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-09 21:03 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-07 02:39 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-07 13:57 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-07 18:25 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-07 20:32 +0000
                                                                                                                    Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-08 22:19 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-10 20:18 +0000
                                                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-10 23:40 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-11 14:04 +0000
                                                                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-11 20:19 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-11 20:49 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-11 23:29 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-12 00:34 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-13 16:42 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-13 18:12 +0000
                                                                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-13 21:48 +0000
                                                                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-13 22:23 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-14 19:13 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-14 19:51 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-14 21:50 +0000
                                                                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-15 15:31 +0000
                                                                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-15 23:28 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-16 19:56 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-02-11 09:30 -0800
                                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-11 18:19 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-06 20:49 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-05 21:31 +0000
                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-01-19 23:37 +0200
                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-20 09:00 +0100
                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2025-01-27 17:26 -0800
                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-18 16:30 +0000
                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-18 17:40 +0000
                                                                      Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-16 20:46 +0200
                                                                      Re: Segments antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-16 20:34 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-16 21:02 +0000
                                                                    Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 22:16 +0100
                                                                      Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-16 21:40 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-17 10:20 +0100
                                                                          Re: Segments "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2025-01-17 10:08 -0500
                                                                            Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-17 15:17 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2025-01-19 18:49 +0000
                                                                      Re: Segments antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-17 02:22 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-16 19:52 -0800
                                                                          Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-17 15:52 +0100
                                                                        Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-17 15:30 +0100
                                                                      Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-17 16:42 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-17 18:21 +0100
                                                                          Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-17 20:08 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-01-21 20:30 -0500
                                                                          Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-22 02:19 +0000
                                                                            Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-22 14:58 +0000
                                                                              Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-22 17:45 +0000
                                                                                Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-22 20:00 +0000
                                                                                  Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-22 22:25 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-22 22:44 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-23 01:39 +0200
                                                                                        Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 01:00 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-23 11:52 +0200
                                                                                            Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-23 17:41 +0200
                                                                                              Re: Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-01-23 14:22 -0500
                                                                                        Re: Segments anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-23 08:14 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-23 12:23 +0200
                                                                                            Re: Segments anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-23 12:39 +0000
                                                                                              Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 14:04 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 14:31 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Segments Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2025-01-27 17:18 -0800
                                                                                          Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-23 14:02 -0800
                                                                                      Re: Segments George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-01-23 11:50 -0500
                                                                                        Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 17:18 +0000
                                                                          Re: stack sizes, Segments John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-22 02:54 +0000
                                                                            Re: stack sizes, Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-22 15:25 +0200
                                                                              Re: stack sizes, Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-22 15:01 +0000
                                                                                Re: stack sizes, Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-23 01:45 +0200
                                                                                  Re: stack sizes, Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 01:07 +0000
                                                                                    Re: stack sizes, Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-23 02:47 +0000
                                                                                      Re: stack sizes, Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 14:00 +0000
                                                                                        Re: stack sizes, Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-23 17:49 +0000
                                                                                          Re: stack sizes, Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 19:45 +0000
                                                                                            Re: stack sizes, Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-23 20:04 +0000
                                                                                            Re: stack sizes, Segments anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-24 08:11 +0000
                                                                                              Re: stack sizes, Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-24 14:50 +0000
                                                                                    Re: stack sizes, Segments anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-23 07:24 +0000
                                                                                Re: stack sizes, Segments George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-01-22 20:28 -0500
                                                          Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 11:43 +0100
                                                    Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-15 13:42 -0800
                                                      Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-15 22:39 +0000
                                                    Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-16 10:11 +0100
                                                      Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 13:11 +0100
                                                        Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-16 13:10 -0800
                                                          Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 22:23 +0100
                                                      Re: Segments Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-01-16 09:15 -0800
                                                        Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-16 17:24 +0000
                                                          Re: Segments Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-01-16 09:55 -0800
                                                            Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-16 18:23 +0000
                                                            Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-16 20:22 +0100
                                                          Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-16 19:14 +0000
                                                        Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-16 20:12 +0100
                                                          Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-16 15:18 -0800
                                                            Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-16 23:39 +0000
                                                              Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-16 17:04 -0800
                                                                Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-17 02:10 +0000
                                                                  Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-17 16:15 +0100
                                                                    Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-17 18:02 +0100
                                                                    Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-17 10:55 -0800
                                                                Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-17 19:27 +0000
                                                              Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-17 21:05 -0800
                                                          Re: Segments Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-01-20 12:29 -0800
                                                            Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-22 14:15 +0100
                                                              Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-22 18:44 +0000
                                            Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-06 23:41 +0000
                                              Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-07 10:53 +0000
                                        Re: Segments Andy Valencia <vandys@vsta.org> - 2025-01-11 13:59 -0800
                                      Re: what's a segment, 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-06 18:58 +0000
                                        Re: what's a segment, 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-06 19:45 +0000
                                        Re: what's a segment, 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-06 19:48 +0000
                                        Re: what's a segment, 80286 protected mode Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> - 2025-01-06 17:28 -1000
                                Re: Byte ordering scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-05 15:20 +0000
                              Re: the 286, Byte ordering John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-05 02:56 +0000
                                Re: the 286, Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-05 03:55 +0000
                                  Re: the 286, Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2025-01-05 15:15 +0000
                                    Re: the 286, Byte ordering scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-05 15:23 +0000
                                    Re: the 286, Byte ordering anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-05 17:51 +0000
                                      Re: the 286, Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-05 19:40 +0000
                                      Re: the 286, Byte ordering John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-05 20:01 +0000
                                        Re: the 286, Byte ordering Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-05 20:46 +0000
                                        Re: the 286, Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-05 20:55 +0000
                                          Re: the 286, Byte ordering Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-05 22:01 +0100
                                            Re: the 286, Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2025-01-06 00:35 +0000
                                              Re: the 286, Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-06 03:02 +0000
                                                Re: the 286, Byte ordering Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-06 15:19 +0200
                              Re: Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2025-01-05 14:48 +0000
                  Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-06 18:50 +0300
                    Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 06:33 +0000
                Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2024-10-03 23:49 +0100
        Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-02 20:23 +0000
      Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) David Schultz <david.schultz@earthlink.net> - 2024-10-02 10:07 -0500
        Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-02 16:08 +0000
          Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) David Schultz <david.schultz@earthlink.net> - 2024-10-02 13:51 -0500
          Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-02 21:34 +0000
            Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) David Schultz <david.schultz@earthlink.net> - 2024-10-02 18:55 -0500
      Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-03 00:30 +0000

Page 4 of 23 — ← Prev page 1 2 3 [4] 5 6 … 23  Next page →


#109515 — 80286 protected mode

Fromanton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl)
Date2024-10-07 07:33 +0000
Subject80286 protected mode
Message-ID<2024Oct7.093314@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>
In reply to#109494
jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) writes:
>In article <2024Oct6.150415@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>,
>anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) wrote:
>
>> I find it hard to believe that many customers would ask Intel 
>> for something the 80286 protected mode with segments limited 
>> to 64KB, and even if, that Intel would listen to them.  This 
>> looks much more like an idee fixe to me that one or more of 
>> the 286 project leaders had, and all customer input was made 
>> to fit into this idea, or was ignored.
>
>Either half-remembered from older architectures, or re-invented and
>considered viable a decade after the original inventors had learned
>better.

Here's another speculation: The 286 protected mode was what they
already had in mind when they built the 8086, but there were not
enough transistors to do it in the 8086, so they did real mode, and in
the 80286 they finally got around to it.  And the idea was (like AFAIK
in the iAPX432) to have one segment per object and per procedure,
i.e., the large memory model.  The smaller memory models were
possible, but not really intended.  The Huge memory model was
completely alien to protected mode, as was direct hardware access, as
was common on the IBM PC.  And computing with segment register
contents was also not intended.

If programmers had used the 8086 in the intended way, porting to
protected mode would have been easy, but the programmers used it in
other ways, and the protected mode flopped.

Would it have been differently if the 8086/8088 had already had
protected mode?  I think that having one segment per object would have
been too inefficient, and also that 8192 segments is not enough for
that kind of usage, given 640KB of RAM (not to mention the 16MB that
the 286 supported); and with 640KB having the segments limited to 64KB
is too restrictive for a number of applications.

- anton
-- 
'Anyone trying for "industrial quality" ISA should avoid undefined behavior.'
  Mitch Alsup, <c17fcd89-f024-40e7-a594-88a85ac10d20o@googlegroups.com>

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#109523 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromLars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com>
Date2024-10-07 12:42 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<slrnvg7lpc.25gut.lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com>
In reply to#109515
On 2024-10-07, Anton Ertl <anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> wrote:
> Here's another speculation: The 286 protected mode was what they
> already had in mind when they built the 8086, but there were not
> enough transistors to do it in the 8086, so they did real mode, and in
> the 80286 they finally got around to it.  And the idea was (like AFAIK
> in the iAPX432) to have one segment per object and per procedure,
> i.e., the large memory model.  The smaller memory models were
> possible, but not really intended.  The Huge memory model was
> completely alien to protected mode, as was direct hardware access, as
> was common on the IBM PC.  And computing with segment register
> contents was also not intended.
>
> If programmers had used the 8086 in the intended way, porting to
> protected mode would have been easy, but the programmers used it in
> other ways, and the protected mode flopped.
>
> Would it have been differently if the 8086/8088 had already had
> protected mode?  I think that having one segment per object would have
> been too inefficient, and also that 8192 segments is not enough for
> that kind of usage, given 640KB of RAM (not to mention the 16MB that
> the 286 supported); and with 640KB having the segments limited to 64KB
> is too restrictive for a number of applications.

I completely agree. Back when the 8086 was designed, 640K seemed like a
lot. They never expected it to grow beyond the minframes of their time.

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#109524 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromTerje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no>
Date2024-10-07 15:17 +0200
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<ve0n1h$1nqlh$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109523
Lars Poulsen wrote:
> On 2024-10-07, Anton Ertl <anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> wrote:
>> Here's another speculation: The 286 protected mode was what they
>> already had in mind when they built the 8086, but there were not
>> enough transistors to do it in the 8086, so they did real mode, and in
>> the 80286 they finally got around to it.  And the idea was (like AFAIK
>> in the iAPX432) to have one segment per object and per procedure,
>> i.e., the large memory model.  The smaller memory models were
>> possible, but not really intended.  The Huge memory model was
>> completely alien to protected mode, as was direct hardware access, as
>> was common on the IBM PC.  And computing with segment register
>> contents was also not intended.
>>
>> If programmers had used the 8086 in the intended way, porting to
>> protected mode would have been easy, but the programmers used it in
>> other ways, and the protected mode flopped.
>>
>> Would it have been differently if the 8086/8088 had already had
>> protected mode?  I think that having one segment per object would have
>> been too inefficient, and also that 8192 segments is not enough for
>> that kind of usage, given 640KB of RAM (not to mention the 16MB that
>> the 286 supported); and with 640KB having the segments limited to 64KB
>> is too restrictive for a number of applications.
> 
> I completely agree. Back when the 8086 was designed, 640K seemed like a
> lot. They never expected it to grow beyond the minframes of their time.

640K was an artifact of the frame buffer placement selected by the 
original IBM PC, it could just as well have been 900+ K.

Afair the PC also mishandled interrupt handling?

Terje

-- 
- <Terje.Mathisen at tmsw.no>
"almost all programming can be viewed as an exercise in caching"

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#109525 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromMichael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com>
Date2024-10-07 17:45 +0300
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<20241007174519.00001d47@yahoo.com>
In reply to#109524
On Mon, 7 Oct 2024 15:17:36 +0200
Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> wrote:

> Lars Poulsen wrote:
> > On 2024-10-07, Anton Ertl <anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> wrote:
> >  
> >> Here's another speculation: The 286 protected mode was what they
> >> already had in mind when they built the 8086, but there were not
> >> enough transistors to do it in the 8086, so they did real mode,
> >> and in the 80286 they finally got around to it.  And the idea was
> >> (like AFAIK in the iAPX432) to have one segment per object and per
> >> procedure, i.e., the large memory model.  The smaller memory
> >> models were possible, but not really intended.  The Huge memory
> >> model was completely alien to protected mode, as was direct
> >> hardware access, as was common on the IBM PC.  And computing with
> >> segment register contents was also not intended.
> >>
> >> If programmers had used the 8086 in the intended way, porting to
> >> protected mode would have been easy, but the programmers used it in
> >> other ways, and the protected mode flopped.
> >>
> >> Would it have been differently if the 8086/8088 had already had
> >> protected mode?  I think that having one segment per object would
> >> have been too inefficient, and also that 8192 segments is not
> >> enough for that kind of usage, given 640KB of RAM (not to mention
> >> the 16MB that the 286 supported); and with 640KB having the
> >> segments limited to 64KB is too restrictive for a number of
> >> applications.  
> > 
> > I completely agree. Back when the 8086 was designed, 640K seemed
> > like a lot. They never expected it to grow beyond the minframes of
> > their time.  
> 
> 640K was an artifact of the frame buffer placement selected by the 
> original IBM PC, it could just as well have been 900+ K.
> 
> Afair the PC also mishandled interrupt handling?
> 
> Terje
> 

Yes it did.
IIRC, Intel recommended interrupt slots 0 to 31 to be reserved for
hardware interrupts, but IBM ignored their recommendation and put
various BIOS at slots 16 to 31.

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#109557 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromLawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid>
Date2024-10-07 21:55 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<ve1lbp$1s0ug$5@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109524
On Mon, 7 Oct 2024 15:17:36 +0200, Terje Mathisen wrote:

> 640K was an artifact of the frame buffer placement selected by the
> original IBM PC, it could just as well have been 900+ K.

Another MS-DOS machine, the DEC Rainbow, could be upgraded to 896KiB of 
RAM. I know because our Comp Sci department had one.

That was the one with the dual Z80 and 8086 (8088?) chips, so it could run 
3 different OSes: CP/M-80, CP/M-86, and MS-DOS. Not more than one at once, 
though (that would have been some trick).

But it was not fully hardware-compatible with the IBM PC.

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#109571 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromTerje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no>
Date2024-10-08 10:44 +0200
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<ve2re6$24hio$3@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109557
Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> On Mon, 7 Oct 2024 15:17:36 +0200, Terje Mathisen wrote:
> 
>> 640K was an artifact of the frame buffer placement selected by the
>> original IBM PC, it could just as well have been 900+ K.
> 
> Another MS-DOS machine, the DEC Rainbow, could be upgraded to 896KiB of
> RAM. I know because our Comp Sci department had one.
> 
> That was the one with the dual Z80 and 8086 (8088?) chips, so it could run
> 3 different OSes: CP/M-80, CP/M-86, and MS-DOS. Not more than one at once,
> though (that would have been some trick).
> 
> But it was not fully hardware-compatible with the IBM PC.

When I was hired by Hydro in 1984, my boss decided that he liked the 
Rainbow best, so he took responsibility for that model, while I got all 
IBM compatibles: Hardware/Software/add-on cards/etc for a company with 
77K employees in 130 countries.

By the time Hydro was broken up into 3-4 separate companies (around 
2008?) I had to share that responsibility with 2-300 other people.

Terje

-- 
- <Terje.Mathisen at tmsw.no>
"almost all programming can be viewed as an exercise in caching"

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#109527 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromBrett <ggtgp@yahoo.com>
Date2024-10-07 16:32 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<ve12f1$1pgdd$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109515
Anton Ertl <anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> wrote:
> jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) writes:
>> In article <2024Oct6.150415@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>,
>> anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) wrote:
>> 
>>> I find it hard to believe that many customers would ask Intel 
>>> for something the 80286 protected mode with segments limited 
>>> to 64KB, and even if, that Intel would listen to them.  This 
>>> looks much more like an idee fixe to me that one or more of 
>>> the 286 project leaders had, and all customer input was made 
>>> to fit into this idea, or was ignored.
>> 
>> Either half-remembered from older architectures, or re-invented and
>> considered viable a decade after the original inventors had learned
>> better.
> 
> Here's another speculation: The 286 protected mode was what they
> already had in mind when they built the 8086, but there were not
> enough transistors to do it in the 8086, so they did real mode, and in
> the 80286 they finally got around to it.  And the idea was (like AFAIK
> in the iAPX432) to have one segment per object and per procedure,
> i.e., the large memory model.  The smaller memory models were
> possible, but not really intended.  The Huge memory model was
> completely alien to protected mode, as was direct hardware access, as
> was common on the IBM PC.  And computing with segment register
> contents was also not intended.
> 
> If programmers had used the 8086 in the intended way, porting to
> protected mode would have been easy, but the programmers used it in
> other ways, and the protected mode flopped.
> 
> Would it have been differently if the 8086/8088 had already had
> protected mode?  I think that having one segment per object would have
> been too inefficient, and also that 8192 segments is not enough for
> that kind of usage, given 640KB of RAM (not to mention the 16MB that
> the 286 supported); and with 640KB having the segments limited to 64KB
> is too restrictive for a number of applications.

I have for decades pointed out that the four bit offset of 8086 segments
was planned obsolescence. An 8 bit offset with 16 megabytes of address
space would have kept the low end alive for too long in Intels eyes. To
control the market you need to drive complexity onto the users, which weeds
out licensed competition.

Everything Intel did drove needless patentable complexity into the follow
on CPUs.

> - anton


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#109530 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromMichael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com>
Date2024-10-07 20:03 +0300
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<20241007200335.000047b6@yahoo.com>
In reply to#109527
On Mon, 7 Oct 2024 16:32:34 -0000 (UTC)
Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> wrote:

> Anton Ertl <anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> wrote:
> > jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) writes:  
> >> In article <2024Oct6.150415@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>,
> >> anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) wrote:
> >>   
> >>> I find it hard to believe that many customers would ask Intel 
> >>> for something the 80286 protected mode with segments limited 
> >>> to 64KB, and even if, that Intel would listen to them.  This 
> >>> looks much more like an idee fixe to me that one or more of 
> >>> the 286 project leaders had, and all customer input was made 
> >>> to fit into this idea, or was ignored.  
> >> 
> >> Either half-remembered from older architectures, or re-invented and
> >> considered viable a decade after the original inventors had learned
> >> better.  
> > 
> > Here's another speculation: The 286 protected mode was what they
> > already had in mind when they built the 8086, but there were not
> > enough transistors to do it in the 8086, so they did real mode, and
> > in the 80286 they finally got around to it.  And the idea was (like
> > AFAIK in the iAPX432) to have one segment per object and per
> > procedure, i.e., the large memory model.  The smaller memory models
> > were possible, but not really intended.  The Huge memory model was
> > completely alien to protected mode, as was direct hardware access,
> > as was common on the IBM PC.  And computing with segment register
> > contents was also not intended.
> > 
> > If programmers had used the 8086 in the intended way, porting to
> > protected mode would have been easy, but the programmers used it in
> > other ways, and the protected mode flopped.
> > 
> > Would it have been differently if the 8086/8088 had already had
> > protected mode?  I think that having one segment per object would
> > have been too inefficient, and also that 8192 segments is not
> > enough for that kind of usage, given 640KB of RAM (not to mention
> > the 16MB that the 286 supported); and with 640KB having the
> > segments limited to 64KB is too restrictive for a number of
> > applications.  
> 
> I have for decades pointed out that the four bit offset of 8086
> segments was planned obsolescence. An 8 bit offset with 16 megabytes
> of address space would have kept the low end alive for too long in
> Intels eyes. To control the market you need to drive complexity onto
> the users, which weeds out licensed competition.
> 
> Everything Intel did drove needless patentable complexity into the
> follow on CPUs.
> 
> > - anton  
> 
> 
> 

You forget that Intel didn't and couldn't expect that 8088 would be
such stunning success. Not just that. According to Oral history they
didn't realize what they have in hands until 1983.

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#109535 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromBrett <ggtgp@yahoo.com>
Date2024-10-07 17:40 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<ve16dk$1q3ek$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109530
Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> wrote:
> On Mon, 7 Oct 2024 16:32:34 -0000 (UTC)
> Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> wrote:
> 
>> Anton Ertl <anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at> wrote:
>>> jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) writes:  
>>>> In article <2024Oct6.150415@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>,
>>>> anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) wrote:
>>>> 
>>>>> I find it hard to believe that many customers would ask Intel 
>>>>> for something the 80286 protected mode with segments limited 
>>>>> to 64KB, and even if, that Intel would listen to them.  This 
>>>>> looks much more like an idee fixe to me that one or more of 
>>>>> the 286 project leaders had, and all customer input was made 
>>>>> to fit into this idea, or was ignored.  
>>>> 
>>>> Either half-remembered from older architectures, or re-invented and
>>>> considered viable a decade after the original inventors had learned
>>>> better.  
>>> 
>>> Here's another speculation: The 286 protected mode was what they
>>> already had in mind when they built the 8086, but there were not
>>> enough transistors to do it in the 8086, so they did real mode, and
>>> in the 80286 they finally got around to it.  And the idea was (like
>>> AFAIK in the iAPX432) to have one segment per object and per
>>> procedure, i.e., the large memory model.  The smaller memory models
>>> were possible, but not really intended.  The Huge memory model was
>>> completely alien to protected mode, as was direct hardware access,
>>> as was common on the IBM PC.  And computing with segment register
>>> contents was also not intended.
>>> 
>>> If programmers had used the 8086 in the intended way, porting to
>>> protected mode would have been easy, but the programmers used it in
>>> other ways, and the protected mode flopped.
>>> 
>>> Would it have been differently if the 8086/8088 had already had
>>> protected mode?  I think that having one segment per object would
>>> have been too inefficient, and also that 8192 segments is not
>>> enough for that kind of usage, given 640KB of RAM (not to mention
>>> the 16MB that the 286 supported); and with 640KB having the
>>> segments limited to 64KB is too restrictive for a number of
>>> applications.  
>> 
>> I have for decades pointed out that the four bit offset of 8086
>> segments was planned obsolescence. An 8 bit offset with 16 megabytes
>> of address space would have kept the low end alive for too long in
>> Intels eyes. To control the market you need to drive complexity onto
>> the users, which weeds out licensed competition.
>> 
>> Everything Intel did drove needless patentable complexity into the
>> follow on CPUs.
>> 
> You forget that Intel didn't and couldn't expect that 8088 would be
> such stunning success. Not just that. According to Oral history they
> didn't realize what they have in hands until 1983.

Today the 8088 is a joke microcontroller, that was not the case when it was
introduced. The 8088 was a major project with major profits, not some
afterthought.

Yes the success eventually dwarfed expectations, but that was a lightning
strike, the plan was in place and so the lightning strike could be taken
advantage of to build a monopoly, instead of the small walled fortress with
moat that was planned.

You saw what happened to the MC680x0 series that did not have a moat or a
good plan.

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#109556 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromLawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid>
Date2024-10-07 21:52 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<ve1l6v$1s0ug$4@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109515
On Mon, 07 Oct 2024 07:33:14 GMT, Anton Ertl wrote:

> Here's another speculation: The 286 protected mode was what they already
> had in mind when they built the 8086, but there were not enough
> transistors to do it in the 8086, so they did real mode, and in the
> 80286 they finally got around to it.

Nah. Intel were never capable of thinking that far ahead. Each bodge to 
the x80/x86 line was made just to take the product one step further, 
without regard to any future growth. The 8086/8088 was designed to make it 
easy to port across 8080/8085 code, with the segment registers tacked on 
to give you a bit more address space if you needed it, if you could figure 
out how to use it -- that was their idea of “technological progress”.

And then the next step was to add this new-fangled “hardware memory 
protection” that the folks using the Big Computers were always going on 
about, so they bodged the 8086 segmentation scheme into kind of a memory-
management scheme in the 80286.

Finally, in the 80386, they gave everybody the large, linear address space 
they had been crying out for. That is, everybody who wasn’t already using 
more sensibly-designed chips from companies like Motorola, NatSemi and the 
RISC vendors.

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#109558 — Re: 80286 protected mode

Frommitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1)
Date2024-10-07 23:13 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<7c8e5c75ce0f1e7c95ec3ae4bdbc9249@www.novabbs.org>
In reply to#109515
On Mon, 7 Oct 2024 7:33:14 +0000, Anton Ertl wrote:

> jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) writes:
>>In article <2024Oct6.150415@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>,
>>anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) wrote:
>>
>>> I find it hard to believe that many customers would ask Intel
>>> for something the 80286 protected mode with segments limited
>>> to 64KB, and even if, that Intel would listen to them.  This
>>> looks much more like an idee fixe to me that one or more of
>>> the 286 project leaders had, and all customer input was made
>>> to fit into this idea, or was ignored.
>>
>>Either half-remembered from older architectures, or re-invented and
>>considered viable a decade after the original inventors had learned
>>better.
>
> Here's another speculation: The 286 protected mode was what they
> already had in mind when they built the 8086, but there were not
> enough transistors to do it in the 8086, so they did real mode, and in
> the 80286 they finally got around to it.  And the idea was (like AFAIK
> in the iAPX432) to have one segment per object and per procedure,
> i.e., the large memory model.  The smaller memory models were
> possible, but not really intended.  The Huge memory model was
> completely alien to protected mode, as was direct hardware access, as
> was common on the IBM PC.  And computing with segment register
> contents was also not intended.

Is protected mode not "how Pascal" thinks of memory and objects
in memory ??

> If programmers had used the 8086 in the intended way, porting to
> protected mode would have been easy, but the programmers used it in
> other ways, and the protected mode flopped.

Whereas by the time 286 got out, everybody was wanting flat
memory ala C.

> Would it have been differently if the 8086/8088 had already had
> protected mode?  I think that having one segment per object would have
> been too inefficient, and also that 8192 segments is not enough for
> that kind of usage, given 640KB of RAM (not to mention the 16MB that
> the 286 supported); and with 640KB having the segments limited to 64KB
> is too restrictive for a number of applications.
>
> - anton

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#109562 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromLawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid>
Date2024-10-08 06:16 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<ve2inb$23gqs$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109558
On Mon, 7 Oct 2024 23:13:25 +0000, MitchAlsup1 wrote:

> Is protected mode not "how Pascal" thinks of memory and objects in
> memory ??

How is that different from C?

> Whereas by the time 286 got out, everybody was wanting flat memory ala
> C.

When did they not want that?

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#109578 — Re: 80286 protected mode

Frommitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1)
Date2024-10-08 20:53 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<8a762db010cecdc24bf7631b8f39b839@www.novabbs.org>
In reply to#109562
On Tue, 8 Oct 2024 6:16:12 +0000, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:

> On Mon, 7 Oct 2024 23:13:25 +0000, MitchAlsup1 wrote:
>
>> Is protected mode not "how Pascal" thinks of memory and objects in
>> memory ??
>
> How is that different from C?

In pascal you cannot subtract pointers to different objects,
in C you can.

>> Whereas by the time 286 got out, everybody was wanting flat memory ala
>> C.
>
> When did they not want that?

The Algol family of block structure gave the illusion that flat
was less necessary and it could all be done with lexical address-
ing and block scoping rules.

Then malloc() and mmap() came along.

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#109582 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromDavid Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no>
Date2024-10-09 08:48 +0200
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<ve58vq$2igvr$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109578
On 08/10/2024 22:53, MitchAlsup1 wrote:
> On Tue, 8 Oct 2024 6:16:12 +0000, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> 
>> On Mon, 7 Oct 2024 23:13:25 +0000, MitchAlsup1 wrote:
>>
>>> Is protected mode not "how Pascal" thinks of memory and objects in
>>> memory ??
>>
>> How is that different from C?
> 
> In pascal you cannot subtract pointers to different objects,
> in C you can.

No, you can't - unless the pointers are of compatible types, and each 
points to a sub-object within the same encompassing object.  So if you 
have two pointers that point within the same array, you can subtract 
them.  If they point to different objects, trying to subtract them is 
undefined behaviour.

> 
>>> Whereas by the time 286 got out, everybody was wanting flat memory ala
>>> C.
>>
>> When did they not want that?
> 
> The Algol family of block structure gave the illusion that flat
> was less necessary and it could all be done with lexical address-
> ing and block scoping rules.
> 
> Then malloc() and mmap() came along.

malloc() does not need a flat memory space.  C does not need a flat 
memory space.  Indeed, people use C all the time on systems where memory 
is disjoint.

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#109707 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromLawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid>
Date2024-10-14 23:46 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<vekag2$1co97$4@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109578
On Tue, 8 Oct 2024 20:53:00 +0000, MitchAlsup1 wrote:

> The Algol family of block structure gave the illusion that flat was less
> necessary and it could all be done with lexical address-
> ing and block scoping rules.
> 
> Then malloc() and mmap() came along.

Algol-68 already had heap allocation and flex arrays. (The folks over in 
MULTICS land were working on mmap.)

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#109568 — Re: 80286 protected mode

Fromanton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl)
Date2024-10-08 07:28 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<2024Oct8.092821@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>
In reply to#109558
mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) writes:
>Is protected mode not "how Pascal" thinks of memory and objects
>in memory ??

You can map the object of standard C (essentially what one malloc()
call gives you, or what a variable contains) and the equivalent of
Pascal into a segment on the 286, but then that object is limited to
64KB in size, and the program is limited to 8192 objects.  And the
program runs very slowly.  So I doubt that Pascal compiler
implementors though that the 80286 is their dream machine.  Especially
given that you can implement Pascal just as well with less performance
disadvantages on hardware with flat memory (and still perform bounds
checking where necessary).  In particular, I doubt that Turbo Pascal
used the 286 in this way.

>Whereas by the time 286 got out, everybody was wanting flat
>memory ala C.

It's interesting that, when C was standardized, the segmentation found
its way into it by disallowing subtracting and comparing between
addresses in different objects.  This disallows performing certain
forms of induction variable elimination by hand.  So while flat memory
is C culture so much that you write "flat memory ala C", the
standardized subset of C (what standard C fanatics claim is the only
meaning of "C") actually specifies a segmented memory model.

An interesting case is the Forth standard.  It specifies "contiguous
regions", which correspond to objects in C, but in Forth each address
is a cell and can be added, subtracted, compared, etc. irrespective of
where it came from.  So Forth really has a flat-memory model.  It has
had that since its origins in the 1970s.  Some of the 8086
implementations had some extensions for dealing with more than 64KB,
but they were never standardized and are now mostly forgotten.

- anton
-- 
'Anyone trying for "industrial quality" ISA should avoid undefined behavior.'
  Mitch Alsup, <c17fcd89-f024-40e7-a594-88a85ac10d20o@googlegroups.com>

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#109572 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromRobert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com>
Date2024-10-08 07:28 -0400
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<ve350m$25ngb$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109568
Nostalgia.
I think the second machine I bought was a ‘286. Which was a 20 MHz 
machine with a ‘287 math coprocessor. 4MB RAM. IIRC it was faster than 
the ‘386sx which I think was only 16 MHz at the time. Eventually I got a 
‘386, but I kept the ‘286 motherboard and for a while hung it on the 
wall as a piece of artwork. Invested some time learning about 
segmentation and protected mode. I still have the chips from the 
motherboard in a drawer somewhere.

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#109583 — Re: 80286 protected mode

FromDavid Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no>
Date2024-10-09 10:24 +0200
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<ve5ek3$2jamt$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109568
On 08/10/2024 09:28, Anton Ertl wrote:
> mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) writes:

>> Whereas by the time 286 got out, everybody was wanting flat
>> memory ala C.
> 
> It's interesting that, when C was standardized, the segmentation found
> its way into it by disallowing subtracting and comparing between
> addresses in different objects.

It is difficult to talk about the timing of features (either things that 
are allowed, or things explicitly disallowed) before the standardisation 
of C, as there was no single language "C".  Different variants supported 
by different compilers had different rules.

>  This disallows performing certain
> forms of induction variable elimination by hand.  So while flat memory
> is C culture so much that you write "flat memory ala C", the
> standardized subset of C (what standard C fanatics claim is the only
> meaning of "C") actually specifies a segmented memory model.
> 

No, the C standard does not in any sense specify a segmented memory 
model.  Nor does it specify a non-segmented or flat or contiguous memory.

The nearest it gets is the description of converting between pointers 
and integers, where it says that the conversion of a pointer to an 
integer might not fit in any integer type, in which case the conversions 
are undefined behaviour - but if they /are/ convertible, the intention 
is that the value (of type "uintptr_t") should be consistent with "the 
addressing structure of the execution environment".

The way C is specified is intended to be strong enough to allow 
programmers to do all they generally need to do using portable code 
(i.e., code that doesn't rely on anything other than standard 
behaviour), without unnecessarily restricting the kinds of systems that 
can implement C, and without unnecessarily restricting what people can 
write in non-portable code.

When would you ever /need/ to compare pointers to different objects? 
For almost all C programmers, the answer is "never".  Pretty much the 
only example people ever give of needing such comparisons is to 
implement memmove() efficiently - but you don't need to implement 
memmove(), because it is already in the standard library.  (Standard 
library implementations don't need to be portable, and can rely on 
extensions or other compiler-specific features.)

In practice, on all but the most niche or specialised platforms, if you 
do feel you need to compare random pointers, you can cast them to 
uintptr_t and compare these.  That will generally work on segmented, 
non-contiguous or flat memories.


> An interesting case is the Forth standard.  It specifies "contiguous
> regions", which correspond to objects in C, but in Forth each address
> is a cell and can be added, subtracted, compared, etc. irrespective of
> where it came from.  So Forth really has a flat-memory model.  It has
> had that since its origins in the 1970s.  Some of the 8086
> implementations had some extensions for dealing with more than 64KB,
> but they were never standardized and are now mostly forgotten.
> 

Forth does not require a flat memory model in the hardware, as far as I 
am aware, any more than C does.  (I appreciate that your knowledge of 
Forth is /vastly/ greater than mine.)  A Forth implementation could 
interpret part of the address value as the segment or other memory block 
identifier and part of it as an index into that block, just as a C 
implementation can.

A flat address model is almost certainly more /efficient/, for C, Forth 
and many other languages.  But that does not mean a particular model is 
/required/ or specified by the language.


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#109589 — Re: 80286 protected mode

Frommitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1)
Date2024-10-09 16:28 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<be506ccef76d682d13205c69c761a086@www.novabbs.org>
In reply to#109583
On Wed, 9 Oct 2024 8:24:34 +0000, David Brown wrote:

> On 08/10/2024 09:28, Anton Ertl wrote:.
>
> When would you ever /need/ to compare pointers to different objects?
> For almost all C programmers, the answer is "never".  Pretty much the
> only example people ever give of needing such comparisons is to
> implement memmove() efficiently - but you don't need to implement
> memmove(), because it is already in the standard library.  (Standard
> library implementations don't need to be portable, and can rely on
> extensions or other compiler-specific features.)

Somebody has to write memmove() and they want to use C to do it.

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#109591 — Re: 80286 protected mode

Fromscott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal)
Date2024-10-09 16:42 +0000
SubjectRe: 80286 protected mode
Message-ID<2oyNO.155431$15a6.73965@fx12.iad>
In reply to#109589
mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) writes:
>On Wed, 9 Oct 2024 8:24:34 +0000, David Brown wrote:
>
>> On 08/10/2024 09:28, Anton Ertl wrote:.
>>
>> When would you ever /need/ to compare pointers to different objects?
>> For almost all C programmers, the answer is "never".  Pretty much the
>> only example people ever give of needing such comparisons is to
>> implement memmove() efficiently - but you don't need to implement
>> memmove(), because it is already in the standard library.  (Standard
>> library implementations don't need to be portable, and can rely on
>> extensions or other compiler-specific features.)
>
>Somebody has to write memmove() and they want to use C to do it.

In most every mainstream implementation, memmove() is written
in assembler in order to inject the appropriate prefeches and
follow the recommended instruction usage per the target architecture
software optimization guide.

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