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Groups > comp.arch > #109362 > unrolled thread

Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress)

Started bymitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1)
First post2024-10-01 19:02 +0000
Last post2024-10-03 00:30 +0000
Articles 20 on this page of 456 — 31 participants

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Contents

  Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-01 19:02 +0000
    Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-01 20:00 +0000
      Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-01 21:04 +0000
        Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-01 23:38 +0000
          Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-03 00:31 +0000
            Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-03 01:26 +0000
            Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-03 06:28 +0000
            Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-03 09:21 +0200
              Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-03 09:39 +0000
                Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-03 14:34 +0200
                Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-03 22:17 +0000
                  Re: Byte ordering Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> - 2024-10-03 15:33 -1000
                  Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-04 11:23 +0200
                    Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-04 17:30 +0000
                      Re: Byte ordering BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-04 14:05 -0500
                        Re: Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-04 23:06 +0000
                          Re: Byte ordering BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-04 19:44 -0500
                            Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-05 06:35 +0000
                          Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-05 06:34 +0000
                      Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-05 06:31 +0000
                        Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-05 17:52 +0000
                          Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-05 18:11 +0000
                            Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-05 22:53 +0300
                              Re: Byte ordering Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-06 22:07 +0200
                              Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-06 21:53 +0000
                                Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 06:29 +0000
                                  Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 16:16 +0000
                                    Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 19:57 +0300
                                      Re: Byte ordering Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-07 16:00 -0400
                                        Re: Byte ordering Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-08 00:11 +0300
                                      Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 21:46 +0000
                                        Re: Byte ordering Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-08 10:40 +0200
                      Re: Byte ordering David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-06 11:58 +0200
                        Re: Byte ordering anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-06 13:04 +0000
                          Re: Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2024-10-06 16:34 +0100
                            Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 06:32 +0000
                              Re: Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2024-10-08 22:28 +0100
                                Re: Byte ordering EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-10-09 13:37 -0400
                                  VMS/NT memory management (was: Byte ordering) Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-09 16:01 -0400
                                    Re: VMS/NT memory management (was: Byte ordering) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-09 23:16 +0000
                                      Re: VMS/NT memory management EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-10-11 15:21 -0400
                                        Re: VMS/NT memory management scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-12 15:20 +0000
                                  Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-14 23:55 +0000
                                    Re: Byte ordering Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 11:16 +0300
                                      Re: Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2024-10-15 18:40 +0100
                                      Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-18 05:56 +0000
                                    Re: Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2024-10-15 18:40 +0100
                                      Re: Byte ordering scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-15 18:57 +0000
                                      Re: Byte ordering George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-15 19:51 -0400
                                        Re: Byte ordering Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-16 07:36 +0200
                                          Re: Byte ordering David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-16 09:17 +0200
                                            Re: Byte ordering George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-16 21:19 -0400
                                              Re: Byte ordering David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-17 14:39 +0200
                                            Re: clouds, not Byte ordering John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-17 02:35 +0000
                                              Re: clouds, not Byte ordering David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-17 14:41 +0200
                                      Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-18 05:57 +0000
                                    Re: Byte ordering "Paul A. Clayton" <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2024-10-16 11:34 -0400
                                      Re: Microkernels & Capabilities (was Re: Byte ordering) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-18 05:54 +0000
                                Re: Byte ordering Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-14 23:51 +0000
                                  Re: Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-15 00:17 +0000
                            80286 protected mode anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-07 07:33 +0000
                              Re: 80286 protected mode Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2024-10-07 12:42 +0000
                                Re: 80286 protected mode Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-07 15:17 +0200
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 17:45 +0300
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 21:55 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-08 10:44 +0200
                              Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 16:32 +0000
                                Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 20:03 +0300
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-07 17:40 +0000
                              Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 21:52 +0000
                              Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-07 23:13 +0000
                                Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-08 06:16 +0000
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-08 20:53 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-09 08:48 +0200
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-14 23:46 +0000
                                Re: 80286 protected mode anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-08 07:28 +0000
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-08 07:28 -0400
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-09 10:24 +0200
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-09 16:28 +0000
                                      Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-09 16:42 +0000
                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-09 22:20 +0200
                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2024-10-09 14:52 -0700
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-10 00:33 +0000
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-10 08:30 +0200
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-10 08:24 +0200
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-11 08:15 -0700
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-15 17:26 -0400
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-15 21:55 +0000
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-15 22:05 +0000
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-16 00:24 +0000
                                                    Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-16 01:08 +0000
                                                      Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-16 02:48 +0000
                                                        Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-16 03:09 +0000
                                                          Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-17 19:49 +0000
                                                            Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-17 21:03 +0000
                                                            Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-20 07:08 +0000
                                                              Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-20 15:49 -0400
                                                                Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-21 18:19 -0700
                                                                  Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-22 17:28 -0400
                                                      Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-16 10:04 +0200
                                                      Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode "Paul A. Clayton" <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2024-10-16 15:07 -0400
                                                        Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-16 19:41 +0000
                                                          Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-17 16:13 +0200
                                                        Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-20 07:07 +0000
                                                          Re: C and turtles, 80286 protected mode "Paul A. Clayton" <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2024-10-20 12:14 -0400
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-16 15:38 +0000
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-16 23:06 -0400
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-17 03:16 -0700
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-17 16:16 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-16 20:00 +0000
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-16 22:18 +0000
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-17 01:18 -0700
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-17 00:40 -0700
                                                        Re: fine points of dynamic memory allocation, not 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-17 18:31 +0000
                                                          Re: fine points of dynamic memory allocation, not 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-17 19:01 +0000
                                                            Re: fine points of dynamic memory allocation, not 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-17 19:32 +0000
                                                              Re: fine points of dynamic memory allocation, not 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-17 21:01 +0000
                                                          Re: fine points of dynamic memory allocation, not 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-18 07:12 -0700
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-17 02:48 -0700
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-16 09:38 +0200
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-16 23:32 -0400
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-17 16:25 +0200
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-17 03:17 -0700
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-16 09:21 +0200
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-16 11:18 -0400
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-16 19:57 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-21 14:04 -0400
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2024-10-18 17:38 +0100
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-18 21:45 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2024-10-20 21:51 +0100
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-21 08:58 +0200
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-21 09:21 +0200
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-21 18:32 -0700
                                                            Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-22 08:27 +0200
                                                              Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-23 07:25 -0700
                                                                Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-23 18:11 +0000
                                                                  Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-23 18:27 +0000
                                                                    Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-23 21:12 +0200
                                                                      Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2024-10-27 20:45 +0000
                                                                  Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-23 21:11 +0200
                                                                    Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-23 21:01 +0000
                                                                      Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-24 07:39 +0200
                                                                        Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-24 18:32 +0000
                                                                          Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-28 11:39 +0100
                                                                          Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-28 16:30 +0000
                                                                            Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2024-10-28 10:12 -0700
                                                                              Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-28 18:14 +0000
                                                                            Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-10-28 15:24 -0400
                                                                              Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-29 06:33 +0000
                                                                                Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-29 08:07 +0100
                                                                                  Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-29 19:57 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-29 20:21 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-29 21:27 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-29 20:30 +0000
                                                                                Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-10-29 14:29 -0400
                                                                          Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-10-29 14:19 -0400
                                                                Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-23 21:09 +0200
                                                                Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-24 06:55 +0000
                                                                  Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-24 10:00 +0200
                                                                    Re: Retirement hobby (was Re: 80286 protected mode) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-24 16:34 +0000
                                                      Re: portable malloc Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-21 23:17 +0000
                                                        Re: portable malloc mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-21 23:52 +0000
                                                          Re: portable malloc Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-22 01:09 +0000
                                                            Re: portable malloc George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2024-10-22 17:26 -0400
                                                        Re: portable malloc Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2024-10-27 20:42 +0000
                                                          Re: portable malloc Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-27 21:04 +0000
                                                          Re: portable malloc David Schultz <david.schultz@earthlink.net> - 2024-10-27 17:55 -0500
                                                          Re: tiny portable malloc John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-27 23:58 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-09 18:10 +0000
                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-09 22:22 +0200
                                        Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-09 21:37 +0000
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-10 08:31 +0200
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-10 18:38 +0000
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-10 21:21 +0200
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-10 20:00 +0000
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-10 23:54 +0300
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-10 21:03 +0000
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2024-10-10 16:19 -0500
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-11 13:37 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-11 15:13 +0300
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-11 16:54 +0200
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 12:00 +0300
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-13 14:10 +0200
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-10 21:30 +0000
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-11 14:10 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-11 18:55 +0000
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-12 00:02 +0200
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-11 23:32 +0000
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-12 17:16 +0200
                                                            Re: 80286 protected mode Bernd Linsel <bl1-thispartdoesnotbelonghere@gmx.com> - 2024-10-12 19:26 +0200
                                                              Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-13 12:57 +0200
                                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 19:36 +0000
                                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-13 19:43 +0000
                                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 23:01 +0300
                                                            Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-12 18:33 +0000
                                                              Re: 80286 protected mode Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2024-10-13 10:31 +0300
                                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 12:26 +0300
                                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2024-10-13 13:33 +0300
                                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2024-10-13 15:32 -0500
                                                              Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-13 13:58 +0200
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-12 05:06 +0000
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 12:36 -0500
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-12 18:17 +0000
                                                            Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-12 18:37 +0000
                                                              Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 01:25 +0000
                                                              Re: 80286 protected mode "Paul A. Clayton" <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 23:09 -0400
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-12 18:32 +0000
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-13 10:56 +0300
                                                            Re: 80286 protected mode "Paul A. Clayton" <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2024-10-13 13:32 -0400
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-13 21:21 +0200
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-14 15:19 +0200
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2024-10-14 16:40 +0200
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-14 17:19 +0200
                                                        Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-14 19:08 +0300
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-15 10:53 +0200
                                                            memcpy and friend (was: 80286 protected mode) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 13:12 +0300
                                                              Re: memcpy and friend (was: 80286 protected mode) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-15 13:20 +0200
                                                                Re: memcpy and friend (was: 80286 protected mode) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 14:55 +0300
                                                                  Re: memcpy and friend (was: 80286 protected mode) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-15 14:03 +0200
                                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-18 06:00 -0700
                                                      Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-18 05:39 -0700
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-10-12 05:11 -0700
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-13 15:45 +0000
                                      Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-14 17:04 +0200
                                        Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-14 19:02 +0000
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-14 22:20 +0300
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-15 00:14 +0000
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 10:41 +0300
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-14 19:39 +0000
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-15 00:15 +0000
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-18 12:47 +0300
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-18 14:06 +0000
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-18 17:34 +0300
                                                  Re: 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-18 16:19 +0000
                                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-19 19:46 +0300
                                          Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-15 12:38 +0200
                                            Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 14:22 +0300
                                              Re: 80286 protected mode David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-10-15 14:09 +0200
                                                Re: 80286 protected mode Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 19:46 +0000
                              Re: 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-08 16:00 +0000
                                Re: 80286 protected mode anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-08 16:23 +0000
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2024-10-08 21:03 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-15 05:20 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-15 11:59 +0300
                                      Re: 80286 protected mode Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-18 07:01 +0000
                          Re: Byte ordering antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-03 03:37 +0000
                            Re: Byte ordering anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-03 08:38 +0000
                              Re: Byte ordering scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-03 18:11 +0000
                              Re: Byte ordering antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-04 22:40 +0000
                                Re: Byte ordering Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-05 08:54 +0100
                                80286 protected mode (was: Byte ordering) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-05 11:10 +0000
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode (was: Byte ordering) Robert Swindells <rjs@fdy2.co.uk> - 2025-01-05 18:30 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2025-01-05 16:38 -0500
                                  Re: 80286 protected mode antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-05 21:49 +0000
                                    Re: 80286 protected mode George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-01-05 23:01 -0500
                                      Segments (was: 80286 protected mode) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-06 08:24 +0000
                                        Re: Segments (was: 80286 protected mode) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-06 14:41 +0200
                                        Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-06 16:05 +0100
                                          Re: Segments anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-06 16:36 +0000
                                            Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-06 19:49 +0000
                                          Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-06 19:41 +0000
                                            Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-07 11:45 +0100
                                          Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-06 22:02 +0000
                                            Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-06 22:57 +0000
                                              Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-07 11:05 +0000
                                                Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-07 14:43 +0000
                                                  Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-07 17:04 +0200
                                                    Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-07 15:28 +0000
                                                      Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-07 16:41 +0000
                                                    Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-07 20:16 +0000
                                                      Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-07 21:26 +0000
                                                      Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-07 22:01 +0000
                                                        Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-07 23:16 +0000
                                                          Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-08 11:53 +0000
                                                            Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-11 22:31 +0000
                                                Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-14 17:46 -0800
                                                  Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-15 07:09 +0000
                                                    Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-15 14:00 +0200
                                                      Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-15 18:00 +0000
                                                        Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-15 22:28 +0200
                                                          Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-15 20:59 +0000
                                                            Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 12:36 +0100
                                                              Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-16 14:35 +0200
                                                                Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 13:59 +0100
                                                                  Re: Segments antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-16 16:46 +0000
                                                                    Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-16 18:12 +0000
                                                                      Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-16 18:30 +0000
                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-18 03:08 +0000
                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-01-18 10:59 +0200
                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-18 19:41 +0000
                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-19 17:33 +0100
                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-19 18:28 +0000
                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-20 12:55 +0200
                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-20 11:12 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-20 22:05 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-21 01:25 +0200
                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-21 00:17 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-21 06:21 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments Bill Findlay <findlaybill@blueyonder.co.uk> - 2025-01-21 10:36 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-21 17:49 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-02-03 14:09 -0500
                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-03 21:13 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-03 21:23 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-03 22:47 +0000
                                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-03 23:11 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-05 12:11 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-05 14:55 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-05 23:36 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-06 11:41 -0500
                                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-06 17:13 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-06 13:51 -0500
                                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-02-06 12:06 -0800
                                                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-06 16:53 -0500
                                                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-07 02:53 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-02-09 15:45 -0500
                                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-09 21:03 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-07 02:39 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-07 13:57 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-07 18:25 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-07 20:32 +0000
                                                                                                                    Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-08 22:19 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-10 20:18 +0000
                                                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-10 23:40 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-11 14:04 +0000
                                                                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-11 20:19 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-11 20:49 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-11 23:29 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-12 00:34 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-13 16:42 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-13 18:12 +0000
                                                                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-13 21:48 +0000
                                                                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-13 22:23 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-14 19:13 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-14 19:51 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-14 21:50 +0000
                                                                                                                                        Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-15 15:31 +0000
                                                                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-15 23:28 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-16 19:56 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-02-11 09:30 -0800
                                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-11 18:19 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-02-06 20:49 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-02-05 21:31 +0000
                                                                              Re: Stacks, was Segments Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-01-19 23:37 +0200
                                                                                Re: Stacks, was Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-20 09:00 +0100
                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2025-01-27 17:26 -0800
                                                                          Re: Stacks, was Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-18 16:30 +0000
                                                                            Re: Stacks, was Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-18 17:40 +0000
                                                                      Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-16 20:46 +0200
                                                                      Re: Segments antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-16 20:34 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-16 21:02 +0000
                                                                    Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 22:16 +0100
                                                                      Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-16 21:40 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-17 10:20 +0100
                                                                          Re: Segments "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2025-01-17 10:08 -0500
                                                                            Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-17 15:17 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2025-01-19 18:49 +0000
                                                                      Re: Segments antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-01-17 02:22 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-16 19:52 -0800
                                                                          Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-17 15:52 +0100
                                                                        Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-17 15:30 +0100
                                                                      Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-17 16:42 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-17 18:21 +0100
                                                                          Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-17 20:08 +0000
                                                                        Re: Segments George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-01-21 20:30 -0500
                                                                          Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-22 02:19 +0000
                                                                            Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-22 14:58 +0000
                                                                              Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-22 17:45 +0000
                                                                                Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-22 20:00 +0000
                                                                                  Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-22 22:25 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-22 22:44 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-23 01:39 +0200
                                                                                        Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 01:00 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-23 11:52 +0200
                                                                                            Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-23 17:41 +0200
                                                                                              Re: Segments EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-01-23 14:22 -0500
                                                                                        Re: Segments anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-23 08:14 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-23 12:23 +0200
                                                                                            Re: Segments anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-23 12:39 +0000
                                                                                              Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 14:04 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 14:31 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Segments Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2025-01-27 17:18 -0800
                                                                                          Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-23 14:02 -0800
                                                                                      Re: Segments George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-01-23 11:50 -0500
                                                                                        Re: Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 17:18 +0000
                                                                          Re: stack sizes, Segments John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-22 02:54 +0000
                                                                            Re: stack sizes, Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-22 15:25 +0200
                                                                              Re: stack sizes, Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-22 15:01 +0000
                                                                                Re: stack sizes, Segments Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-23 01:45 +0200
                                                                                  Re: stack sizes, Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 01:07 +0000
                                                                                    Re: stack sizes, Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-23 02:47 +0000
                                                                                      Re: stack sizes, Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 14:00 +0000
                                                                                        Re: stack sizes, Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-23 17:49 +0000
                                                                                          Re: stack sizes, Segments scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-23 19:45 +0000
                                                                                            Re: stack sizes, Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-23 20:04 +0000
                                                                                            Re: stack sizes, Segments anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-24 08:11 +0000
                                                                                              Re: stack sizes, Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-24 14:50 +0000
                                                                                    Re: stack sizes, Segments anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-23 07:24 +0000
                                                                                Re: stack sizes, Segments George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-01-22 20:28 -0500
                                                          Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 11:43 +0100
                                                    Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-15 13:42 -0800
                                                      Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-15 22:39 +0000
                                                    Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-16 10:11 +0100
                                                      Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 13:11 +0100
                                                        Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-16 13:10 -0800
                                                          Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-16 22:23 +0100
                                                      Re: Segments Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-01-16 09:15 -0800
                                                        Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-16 17:24 +0000
                                                          Re: Segments Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-01-16 09:55 -0800
                                                            Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-16 18:23 +0000
                                                            Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-16 20:22 +0100
                                                          Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-16 19:14 +0000
                                                        Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-16 20:12 +0100
                                                          Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-16 15:18 -0800
                                                            Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-16 23:39 +0000
                                                              Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-16 17:04 -0800
                                                                Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-17 02:10 +0000
                                                                  Re: Segments David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-01-17 16:15 +0100
                                                                    Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-17 18:02 +0100
                                                                    Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-17 10:55 -0800
                                                                Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-17 19:27 +0000
                                                              Re: Segments Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-01-17 21:05 -0800
                                                          Re: Segments Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-01-20 12:29 -0800
                                                            Re: Segments Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-22 14:15 +0100
                                                              Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-22 18:44 +0000
                                            Re: Segments mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-06 23:41 +0000
                                              Re: Segments Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-01-07 10:53 +0000
                                        Re: Segments Andy Valencia <vandys@vsta.org> - 2025-01-11 13:59 -0800
                                      Re: what's a segment, 80286 protected mode John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-06 18:58 +0000
                                        Re: what's a segment, 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-06 19:45 +0000
                                        Re: what's a segment, 80286 protected mode scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-06 19:48 +0000
                                        Re: what's a segment, 80286 protected mode Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> - 2025-01-06 17:28 -1000
                                Re: Byte ordering scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-05 15:20 +0000
                              Re: the 286, Byte ordering John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-05 02:56 +0000
                                Re: the 286, Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-05 03:55 +0000
                                  Re: the 286, Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2025-01-05 15:15 +0000
                                    Re: the 286, Byte ordering scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-01-05 15:23 +0000
                                    Re: the 286, Byte ordering anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-01-05 17:51 +0000
                                      Re: the 286, Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-05 19:40 +0000
                                      Re: the 286, Byte ordering John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-01-05 20:01 +0000
                                        Re: the 286, Byte ordering Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-05 20:46 +0000
                                        Re: the 286, Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-05 20:55 +0000
                                          Re: the 286, Byte ordering Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-01-05 22:01 +0100
                                            Re: the 286, Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2025-01-06 00:35 +0000
                                              Re: the 286, Byte ordering mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-01-06 03:02 +0000
                                                Re: the 286, Byte ordering Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-01-06 15:19 +0200
                              Re: Byte ordering jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2025-01-05 14:48 +0000
                  Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-06 18:50 +0300
                    Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-07 06:33 +0000
                Re: Byte ordering (was: Whether something is RISC or not) jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2024-10-03 23:49 +0100
        Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-10-02 20:23 +0000
      Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) David Schultz <david.schultz@earthlink.net> - 2024-10-02 10:07 -0500
        Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2024-10-02 16:08 +0000
          Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) David Schultz <david.schultz@earthlink.net> - 2024-10-02 13:51 -0500
          Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-02 21:34 +0000
            Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) David Schultz <david.schultz@earthlink.net> - 2024-10-02 18:55 -0500
      Re: Whether something is RISC or not (Re: PDP-8 theology, not Concertina II Progress) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-10-03 00:30 +0000

Page 3 of 23 — ← Prev page 1 2 [3] 4 5 … 23  Next page →


#109640 — Re: VMS/NT memory management

FromEricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com>
Date2024-10-11 15:21 -0400
SubjectRe: VMS/NT memory management
Message-ID<AVeOO.11286$Vuz4.1302@fx08.iad>
In reply to#109610
Scott Lurndal wrote:
> Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> writes:
>>> In the VMS/WinNT way, each memory section is defined as either shared
>>> or private when created and cannot be changed. This allows optimizations
>>> in page table and page file handling.
>> Interesting.  Do you happen to have a pointer for further reading
>> about it?
>>
>>> *nix needs to maintain various data structures to support forking
>>> memory just in case it happens.
>> I can't imagine what those datastructures would be (which might be just
>> another way to say that I was brought up on POSIX and can't imagine the
>> world differently).
>>
> 
> http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/vax/vms/training/EY-8264E-DP_VMS_Internals_and_Data_Structures_4.4_1988.pdf

Yeah, that's a great book on how VMS works in detail.
My copy is v1.0 from 1981.
It describes the various data structures, some down to the bit level.
Then chapter 15 Paging Dynamics walks through the details of how
paging works.

A book of comparable detail on Linux (but dated) would be:

Understanding the Linux Virtual Memory Manager, Gorman, 2007
https://www.kernel.org/doc/gorman/pdf/understand.pdf

Of a similar nature on Windows but without the detail of the above two is:

(this appears to be two volumes jammed together)
Windows Internals 6th ed vol 1&2, 2012
https://empyreal96.github.io/nt-info-depot/Windows-Internals-PDFs/Windows%20Internals%206e%20Part1%2B2.pdf


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#109655 — Re: VMS/NT memory management

Fromscott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal)
Date2024-10-12 15:20 +0000
SubjectRe: VMS/NT memory management
Message-ID<NswOO.82298$S9Vb.80997@fx45.iad>
In reply to#109640
EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> writes:
>Scott Lurndal wrote:
>> Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> writes:
>>>> In the VMS/WinNT way, each memory section is defined as either shared
>>>> or private when created and cannot be changed. This allows optimizations
>>>> in page table and page file handling.
>>> Interesting.  Do you happen to have a pointer for further reading
>>> about it?
>>>
>>>> *nix needs to maintain various data structures to support forking
>>>> memory just in case it happens.
>>> I can't imagine what those datastructures would be (which might be just
>>> another way to say that I was brought up on POSIX and can't imagine the
>>> world differently).
>>>
>> 
>> http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/vax/vms/training/EY-8264E-DP_VMS_Internals_and_Data_Structures_4.4_1988.pdf
>
>Yeah, that's a great book on how VMS works in detail.
>My copy is v1.0 from 1981.

I also have a printed copy from 1981, along with the
internals class notes and the microfiche.

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#109709 — Re: Byte ordering

FromLawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid>
Date2024-10-14 23:55 +0000
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<vekb2f$1co97$6@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109592
On Wed, 09 Oct 2024 13:37:41 -0400, EricP wrote:

> The Posix interface support was there so *MS* could bid on US government
> and military contracts which, at that time frame, were making noise
> about it being standard for all their contracts.
> The Posix DLLs didn't come with WinNT, you had to ask MS for them
> specially.

And that whole POSIX subsystem was so sadistically, unusably awful, it 
just had to be intended for show as a box-ticking exercise, nothing more.

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOeku3hDzrM>

> Back then "object oriented" and "micro-kernel" buzzwords were all the
> rage.

OO still lives on in higher-level languages. Microsoft’s one attempt to 
incorporate its OO architecture--Dotnet--into the lower layers of the OS, 
in Windows Vista, was an abject, embarrassing failure which hopefully 
nobody will try to repeat.

On the other hand, some stubborn holdouts are still fond of microkernels 
-- you just have to say the whole idea is pointless, and they come out of 
the woodwork in a futile attempt to disagree ...

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#109716 — Re: Byte ordering

FromMichael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com>
Date2024-10-15 11:16 +0300
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<20241015111655.000064b3@yahoo.com>
In reply to#109709
On Mon, 14 Oct 2024 23:55:59 -0000 (UTC)
Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> wrote:

> On Wed, 09 Oct 2024 13:37:41 -0400, EricP wrote:
> 
> > The Posix interface support was there so *MS* could bid on US
> > government and military contracts which, at that time frame, were
> > making noise about it being standard for all their contracts.
> > The Posix DLLs didn't come with WinNT, you had to ask MS for them
> > specially.  
> 
> And that whole POSIX subsystem was so sadistically, unusably awful,
> it just had to be intended for show as a box-ticking exercise,
> nothing more.
> 
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOeku3hDzrM>
> 
> > Back then "object oriented" and "micro-kernel" buzzwords were all
> > the rage.  
> 
> OO still lives on in higher-level languages. Microsoft’s one attempt
> to incorporate its OO architecture--Dotnet--into the lower layers of
> the OS, in Windows Vista, was an abject, embarrassing failure which
> hopefully nobody will try to repeat.
>

It sounds like you confusing .net with something unrelated. 
Probably with Microsoft's failed WinFS filesystem. 
WinFS was *not* object-oriented.

AFAIK, .net is hugely successful application development technology
that was never incorporated into lower layers of the OS.

If you are interested in failed attempts to incorporate .net into
something it does not fit then please consider Silverlight. 
But then, the story of Silverlight is not dissimilar to the story of
in-browser Java, with main difference that the latter was more harmful
to the industry.

> On the other hand, some stubborn holdouts are still fond of
> microkernels -- you just have to say the whole idea is pointless, and
> they come out of the woodwork in a futile attempt to disagree ...

Seems, you are not ashamed to admit your trolling tactics.

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#109729 — Re: Byte ordering

Fromjgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman)
Date2024-10-15 18:40 +0100
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<memo.20241015184005.19028n@jgd.cix.co.uk>
In reply to#109716
In article <20241015111655.000064b3@yahoo.com>, already5chosen@yahoo.com
(Michael S) wrote:

> Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> wrote:
> > OO still lives on in higher-level languages. Microsoft_s one 
> > attempt to incorporate its OO architecture--Dotnet--into the 
> > lower layers of the OS, in Windows Vista, was an abject,
> > embarrassing failure which hopefully nobody will try to repeat.

> AFAIK, .net is hugely successful application development technology
> that was never incorporated into lower layers of the OS.

You're correct. There was an experimental Microsoft OS that was almost
entirely written in .NET but it was never commercialised. 

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singularity_(operating_system)>

John 

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#109795 — Re: Byte ordering

FromLawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid>
Date2024-10-18 05:56 +0000
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<vest9j$35pc2$4@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109716
On Tue, 15 Oct 2024 11:16:55 +0300, Michael S wrote:

> AFAIK, .net is hugely successful application development technology that
> was never incorporated into lower layers of the OS.

Look up the infamous “Longhorn reset”. Microsoft had to chuck away a bunch 
of low-performance, high-overhead code and try again, and Dotnet was the 
reason. This delayed Windows Vista by about a year and a half, and it was 
still a rush to get it out.

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#109730 — Re: Byte ordering

Fromjgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman)
Date2024-10-15 18:40 +0100
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<memo.20241015184006.19028o@jgd.cix.co.uk>
In reply to#109709
In article <vekb2f$1co97$6@dont-email.me>, ldo@nz.invalid (Lawrence
D'Oliveiro) wrote:

> On the other hand, some stubborn holdouts are still fond of 
> microkernels -- you just have to say the whole idea is pointless, 
> and they come out of the woodwork in a futile attempt to disagree 

The idea is impractical, not pointless. A hybrid kernel gives most of the
advantages of a microkernel to its developers, and avoids the need for
lots of context switches. It doesn't let you easily replace low-level OS
components, but not many people actually want that. 

<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_kernel>

Windows NT and Apple's XNU, used in all their operating systems, are both
hybrid kernels, so the idea is somewhat practical. 

John 

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#109731 — Re: Byte ordering

Fromscott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal)
Date2024-10-15 18:57 +0000
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<7WyPO.262352$v8v2.145716@fx18.iad>
In reply to#109730
jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) writes:
>In article <vekb2f$1co97$6@dont-email.me>, ldo@nz.invalid (Lawrence
>D'Oliveiro) wrote:
>
>> On the other hand, some stubborn holdouts are still fond of 
>> microkernels -- you just have to say the whole idea is pointless, 
>> and they come out of the woodwork in a futile attempt to disagree 
>
>The idea is impractical, not pointless. A hybrid kernel gives most of the
>advantages of a microkernel to its developers, and avoids the need for
>lots of context switches. It doesn't let you easily replace low-level OS
>components, but not many people actually want that.

It's useful to note that the primary shortcoming of a
microkernel (domain crossing latency) is mostly not a problem
on RISC processors (like ARM64) where the ring change
takes about the same amount of time as a function call.

One might also argue that in many aspects, a hypervisor is
a 'microkernel' with some hardware support on most modern
CPUs.
 
Disclaimer: I spent most of the 90's working with the
Chorus microkernel.

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#109738 — Re: Byte ordering

FromGeorge Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net>
Date2024-10-15 19:51 -0400
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<ogvtgjhh4eujri9p7biok6c14qd9mv40v3@4ax.com>
In reply to#109730
On Tue, 15 Oct 2024 18:40 +0100 (BST), jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman)
wrote:

>In article <vekb2f$1co97$6@dont-email.me>, ldo@nz.invalid (Lawrence
>D'Oliveiro) wrote:
>
>> On the other hand, some stubborn holdouts are still fond of 
>> microkernels -- you just have to say the whole idea is pointless, 
>> and they come out of the woodwork in a futile attempt to disagree 
>
>The idea is impractical, not pointless. A hybrid kernel gives most of the
>advantages of a microkernel to its developers, and avoids the need for
>lots of context switches. It doesn't let you easily replace low-level OS
>components, but not many people actually want that. 

Actually, I think there are a whole lot of people who can't afford
non-stop server hardware but would greatly appreciate not having to
waste time with a shutdown/reboot every time some OS component gets
updated.

YMMV.

>
><https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_kernel>
>
>Windows NT and Apple's XNU, used in all their operating systems, are both
>hybrid kernels, so the idea is somewhat practical. 
>
>John 

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#109743 — Re: Byte ordering

FromTerje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no>
Date2024-10-16 07:36 +0200
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<venjcu$23p27$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109738
George Neuner wrote:
> On Tue, 15 Oct 2024 18:40 +0100 (BST), jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman)
> wrote:
> 
>> In article <vekb2f$1co97$6@dont-email.me>, ldo@nz.invalid (Lawrence
>> D'Oliveiro) wrote:
>>
>>> On the other hand, some stubborn holdouts are still fond of
>>> microkernels -- you just have to say the whole idea is pointless,
>>> and they come out of the woodwork in a futile attempt to disagree
>>
>> The idea is impractical, not pointless. A hybrid kernel gives most of the
>> advantages of a microkernel to its developers, and avoids the need for
>> lots of context switches. It doesn't let you easily replace low-level OS
>> components, but not many people actually want that.
> 
> Actually, I think there are a whole lot of people who can't afford
> non-stop server hardware but would greatly appreciate not having to
> waste time with a shutdown/reboot every time some OS component gets
> updated.
> 
> YMMV.

This is _exactly_ (one of) the problem(s) cloud infrastructure solves: 
As soon as you have more than a single instance of a particular 
server/service, then you replace them in groups so that the service sees 
zero downtime even though all the servers have been updated/replaced.

Terje

-- 
- <Terje.Mathisen at tmsw.no>
"almost all programming can be viewed as an exercise in caching"

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#109745 — Re: Byte ordering

FromDavid Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no>
Date2024-10-16 09:17 +0200
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<venp9g$241bk$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109743
On 16/10/2024 07:36, Terje Mathisen wrote:
> George Neuner wrote:
>> On Tue, 15 Oct 2024 18:40 +0100 (BST), jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman)
>> wrote:
>>
>>> In article <vekb2f$1co97$6@dont-email.me>, ldo@nz.invalid (Lawrence
>>> D'Oliveiro) wrote:
>>>
>>>> On the other hand, some stubborn holdouts are still fond of
>>>> microkernels -- you just have to say the whole idea is pointless,
>>>> and they come out of the woodwork in a futile attempt to disagree
>>>
>>> The idea is impractical, not pointless. A hybrid kernel gives most of 
>>> the
>>> advantages of a microkernel to its developers, and avoids the need for
>>> lots of context switches. It doesn't let you easily replace low-level OS
>>> components, but not many people actually want that.
>>
>> Actually, I think there are a whole lot of people who can't afford
>> non-stop server hardware but would greatly appreciate not having to
>> waste time with a shutdown/reboot every time some OS component gets
>> updated.
>>
>> YMMV.
> 
> This is _exactly_ (one of) the problem(s) cloud infrastructure solves: 
> As soon as you have more than a single instance of a particular 
> server/service, then you replace them in groups so that the service sees 
> zero downtime even though all the servers have been updated/replaced.
> 

That's fine - /if/ you have a service that can easily be spread across 
multiple systems, and you can justify the cost of that.  Setting up a 
database server is simple enough.

Setting up a database server along with a couple of read-only 
replications is harder.  Adding a writeable failover secondary is harder 
still.  Making sure that everything works /perfectly/ when the primary 
goes down for maintenance, and that everything is consistent afterwards, 
is even harder.  Being sure it still all works even while the different 
parts have different versions during updates typically means you have to 
duplicate the whole thing so you can do test runs.  And if the database 
server is not open source, your license costs will be absurd, compared 
to what you actually need to provide the service - usually just one 
server instance.

Clouds do nothing to help any of that.

But clouds /do/ mean that your virtual machine can be migrated (with 
zero, or almost zero, downtime) to another physical server if there are 
hardware problems or during hardware maintenance.  And if you can do 
easy snapshots with your cloud / VM infrastructure, then you can roll 
back if things go badly wrong.  So you have a single server instance, 
you plan a short period of downtime, take a snapshot, stop the service, 
upgrade, restart.  That's what almost everyone does, other than the 
/really/ big or /really/ critical service providers.

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#109769 — Re: Byte ordering

FromGeorge Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net>
Date2024-10-16 21:19 -0400
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<0po0hj548t7tula7kda8jnelrs4qess881@4ax.com>
In reply to#109745
On Wed, 16 Oct 2024 09:17:03 +0200, David Brown
<david.brown@hesbynett.no> wrote:

>On 16/10/2024 07:36, Terje Mathisen wrote:
>> George Neuner wrote:
>>> On Tue, 15 Oct 2024 18:40 +0100 (BST), jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman)
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>> In article <vekb2f$1co97$6@dont-email.me>, ldo@nz.invalid (Lawrence
>>>> D'Oliveiro) wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> On the other hand, some stubborn holdouts are still fond of
>>>>> microkernels -- you just have to say the whole idea is pointless,
>>>>> and they come out of the woodwork in a futile attempt to disagree
>>>>
>>>> The idea is impractical, not pointless. A hybrid kernel gives most of 
>>>> the
>>>> advantages of a microkernel to its developers, and avoids the need for
>>>> lots of context switches. It doesn't let you easily replace low-level OS
>>>> components, but not many people actually want that.
>>>
>>> Actually, I think there are a whole lot of people who can't afford
>>> non-stop server hardware but would greatly appreciate not having to
>>> waste time with a shutdown/reboot every time some OS component gets
>>> updated.
>>>
>>> YMMV.
>> 
>> This is _exactly_ (one of) the problem(s) cloud infrastructure solves: 
>> As soon as you have more than a single instance of a particular 
>> server/service, then you replace them in groups so that the service sees 
>> zero downtime even though all the servers have been updated/replaced.
>> 
>
>That's fine - /if/ you have a service that can easily be spread across 
>multiple systems, and you can justify the cost of that.  Setting up a 
>database server is simple enough.
>
>Setting up a database server along with a couple of read-only 
>replications is harder.  Adding a writeable failover secondary is harder 
>still.  Making sure that everything works /perfectly/ when the primary 
>goes down for maintenance, and that everything is consistent afterwards, 
>is even harder.  Being sure it still all works even while the different 
>parts have different versions during updates typically means you have to 
>duplicate the whole thing so you can do test runs.  And if the database 
>server is not open source, your license costs will be absurd, compared 
>to what you actually need to provide the service - usually just one 
>server instance.
>
>Clouds do nothing to help any of that.
>
>But clouds /do/ mean that your virtual machine can be migrated (with 
>zero, or almost zero, downtime) to another physical server if there are 
>hardware problems or during hardware maintenance.  And if you can do 
>easy snapshots with your cloud / VM infrastructure, then you can roll 
>back if things go badly wrong.  So you have a single server instance, 
>you plan a short period of downtime, take a snapshot, stop the service, 
>upgrade, restart.  That's what almost everyone does, other than the 
>/really/ big or /really/ critical service providers.

For various definitions of "short period of downtime".  8-)

Fortunately, Linux installs updates - or stages updates for restart -
much faster than Windoze.  But rebooting to the point that all the
services are running still can take several minutes.  

That can feel like an eternity when it's the only <whatever> server in
a small business.

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#109778 — Re: Byte ordering

FromDavid Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no>
Date2024-10-17 14:39 +0200
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<ver0ih$2obfr$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109769
On 17/10/2024 03:19, George Neuner wrote:
> On Wed, 16 Oct 2024 09:17:03 +0200, David Brown
> <david.brown@hesbynett.no> wrote:
> 
>> On 16/10/2024 07:36, Terje Mathisen wrote:
>>> George Neuner wrote:
>>>> On Tue, 15 Oct 2024 18:40 +0100 (BST), jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman)
>>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> In article <vekb2f$1co97$6@dont-email.me>, ldo@nz.invalid (Lawrence
>>>>> D'Oliveiro) wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> On the other hand, some stubborn holdouts are still fond of
>>>>>> microkernels -- you just have to say the whole idea is pointless,
>>>>>> and they come out of the woodwork in a futile attempt to disagree
>>>>>
>>>>> The idea is impractical, not pointless. A hybrid kernel gives most of
>>>>> the
>>>>> advantages of a microkernel to its developers, and avoids the need for
>>>>> lots of context switches. It doesn't let you easily replace low-level OS
>>>>> components, but not many people actually want that.
>>>>
>>>> Actually, I think there are a whole lot of people who can't afford
>>>> non-stop server hardware but would greatly appreciate not having to
>>>> waste time with a shutdown/reboot every time some OS component gets
>>>> updated.
>>>>
>>>> YMMV.
>>>
>>> This is _exactly_ (one of) the problem(s) cloud infrastructure solves:
>>> As soon as you have more than a single instance of a particular
>>> server/service, then you replace them in groups so that the service sees
>>> zero downtime even though all the servers have been updated/replaced.
>>>
>>
>> That's fine - /if/ you have a service that can easily be spread across
>> multiple systems, and you can justify the cost of that.  Setting up a
>> database server is simple enough.
>>
>> Setting up a database server along with a couple of read-only
>> replications is harder.  Adding a writeable failover secondary is harder
>> still.  Making sure that everything works /perfectly/ when the primary
>> goes down for maintenance, and that everything is consistent afterwards,
>> is even harder.  Being sure it still all works even while the different
>> parts have different versions during updates typically means you have to
>> duplicate the whole thing so you can do test runs.  And if the database
>> server is not open source, your license costs will be absurd, compared
>> to what you actually need to provide the service - usually just one
>> server instance.
>>
>> Clouds do nothing to help any of that.
>>
>> But clouds /do/ mean that your virtual machine can be migrated (with
>> zero, or almost zero, downtime) to another physical server if there are
>> hardware problems or during hardware maintenance.  And if you can do
>> easy snapshots with your cloud / VM infrastructure, then you can roll
>> back if things go badly wrong.  So you have a single server instance,
>> you plan a short period of downtime, take a snapshot, stop the service,
>> upgrade, restart.  That's what almost everyone does, other than the
>> /really/ big or /really/ critical service providers.
> 
> For various definitions of "short period of downtime".  8-)

Yes, indeed.

> 
> Fortunately, Linux installs updates - or stages updates for restart -
> much faster than Windoze.  But rebooting to the point that all the
> services are running still can take several minutes.
> 

My experience is that the updates on Linux servers are usually fast (for 
desktops they can be slow, but that is usually because you have far more 
and bigger programs).  Updates for virtual machines are particularly 
fast because you generally have a minimum of programs in the VM. 
Restarts are also fast for virtual machines - physical servers are often 
slow to restart, sometimes taking many minutes before they get to the 
point of starting the OS boot.

> That can feel like an eternity when it's the only <whatever> server in
> a small business.

Sure.  But for most small businesses, it's not hard to find off-peak 
times when you can have hours of downtime without causing a problem.

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#109770 — Re: clouds, not Byte ordering

FromJohn Levine <johnl@taugh.com>
Date2024-10-17 02:35 +0000
SubjectRe: clouds, not Byte ordering
Message-ID<vept4r$e1l$1@gal.iecc.com>
In reply to#109745
According to David Brown  <david.brown@hesbynett.no>:
>Setting up a database server along with a couple of read-only 
>replications is harder.  Adding a writeable failover secondary is harder 
>still.  Making sure that everything works /perfectly/ when the primary 
>goes down for maintenance, and that everything is consistent afterwards, 
>is even harder.  Being sure it still all works even while the different 
>parts have different versions during updates typically means you have to 
>duplicate the whole thing so you can do test runs.  And if the database 
>server is not open source, your license costs will be absurd, compared 
>to what you actually need to provide the service - usually just one 
>server instance.
>
>Clouds do nothing to help any of that.

AWS provides a database service that does most of that. You can spin
up databases, read-only mirrors, failover from one region to another,
staging environments to test upgrades. They offer MySQL and
PostgreSQL, as well as Oracle and DB2.

It's still a fair amount of work, but way less than doing it all yourself.

-- 
Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly

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#109779 — Re: clouds, not Byte ordering

FromDavid Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no>
Date2024-10-17 14:41 +0200
SubjectRe: clouds, not Byte ordering
Message-ID<ver0l2$2obfr$2@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109770
On 17/10/2024 04:35, John Levine wrote:
> According to David Brown  <david.brown@hesbynett.no>:
>> Setting up a database server along with a couple of read-only
>> replications is harder.  Adding a writeable failover secondary is harder
>> still.  Making sure that everything works /perfectly/ when the primary
>> goes down for maintenance, and that everything is consistent afterwards,
>> is even harder.  Being sure it still all works even while the different
>> parts have different versions during updates typically means you have to
>> duplicate the whole thing so you can do test runs.  And if the database
>> server is not open source, your license costs will be absurd, compared
>> to what you actually need to provide the service - usually just one
>> server instance.
>>
>> Clouds do nothing to help any of that.
> 
> AWS provides a database service that does most of that. You can spin
> up databases, read-only mirrors, failover from one region to another,
> staging environments to test upgrades. They offer MySQL and
> PostgreSQL, as well as Oracle and DB2.
> 
> It's still a fair amount of work, but way less than doing it all yourself.
> 

That's an additional service they provide - it's not an inherent part of 
a cloud infrastructure.  Still, it sounds like a useful service, and one 
that I might find useful in the future.

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#109796 — Re: Byte ordering

FromLawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid>
Date2024-10-18 05:57 +0000
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<vestbq$35pc2$5@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109730
On Tue, 15 Oct 2024 18:40 +0100 (BST), John Dallman wrote:

> Windows NT and Apple's XNU, used in all their operating systems, are
> both hybrid kernels, so the idea is somewhat practical.

The fact that both are regularly outperformed (and outfeatured) by Linux, 
on hardware that is supposedly optimized for those specific proprietary 
OSes, just reinforces my point.

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#109750 — Re: Byte ordering

From"Paul A. Clayton" <paaronclayton@gmail.com>
Date2024-10-16 11:34 -0400
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<veomeb$2a76j$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109709
On 10/14/24 7:55 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
[snip]
> On the other hand, some stubborn holdouts are still fond of microkernels
> -- you just have to say the whole idea is pointless, and they come out of
> the woodwork in a futile attempt to disagree ...

While the argument that only microkernels can provide modularity
with respect to software development seems highly flawed,
modularity with respect to privilege seems more challenging
(impossible?) for a monolithic kernel and modularity with respect
to fault isolation seems to require substantially more discipline/
constraint than typical for a monolithic design.

Data isolation seems possible in a monolithic kernel such that a
failure could be isolated to a specific subsystem and that
subsystem could be restarted into a known good state.
Microrebooting seems uncommon. I am guessing this comes from 
extremely high availability not being that important and/or other
mechanism are used for availability, especially at warehouse
scale.

Physical distribution of functionality may also be more foreign to
a monolithic kernel design. E.g., pinning functionality to a
particular core or kind of core may urge message passing. In
theory, something like MWAIT could be used for a fast and targeted
inter-processor interrupt, but the limit of one wait condition per
active thread is a significant constraint.

The primary argument against microkernels seem to be the poor
performance due to changing permission and more abstracted
communication. Most of the overhead for permission change is not
physically fundamental; the overhead can be nearly equal to that
of a function call. Since the overhead of indirect function calls
seems to be considered acceptable in a monolithic kernel, the
performance overhead argument seems limited to existing hardware
rather than implementable hardware.

(This also depends on permission metadata being present in a 
nearby cache. If the code/data and permission caches have similar
persistence, this would mean the fast case would be nearly equal.
With hierarchical page tables — especially if nested — the slow
case for permission change can be much worse for a permission
change.)

Software like FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) hints that some
microkernel aspects are desirable even in a monolithic kernel
system.

PA-RISC and Itanium had page groups, which could allow fast
permission removal (invalidating or removing some permissions from
a page group key could be fast). Fast de-privileging might be
useful. Scanning a binary for (not) re-enabling might be practical
if the operation is not simply a store, and this would allow
re-enabling permissions to be fast. However, actually removing
the permission to grant permissions seems better.

Itanium's Enter Privileged Code (EPC) instruction was intended to
provide fast system calls, but it had some complications in
interacting with other Itanium features (I vaguely recall).

I know relatively little about OSes, but the arguments I have read
on both sides seem to have been very biased.

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#109794 — Re: Microkernels & Capabilities (was Re: Byte ordering)

FromLawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid>
Date2024-10-18 05:54 +0000
SubjectRe: Microkernels & Capabilities (was Re: Byte ordering)
Message-ID<vest6o$35pc2$3@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109750
On Wed, 16 Oct 2024 11:34:31 -0400, Paul A. Clayton wrote:

> While the argument that only microkernels can provide modularity with
> respect to software development seems highly flawed, modularity with
> respect to privilege seems more challenging (impossible?) for a
> monolithic kernel and modularity with respect to fault isolation seems
> to require substantially more discipline/ constraint than typical for a
> monolithic design.

The CHERI project has been trying to revive the capability concept. They 
chose BSD over Linux (neither being microkernel-based) for their research 
purely on the basis that BSD was a slower-moving target. (Maybe they 
didn’t know about LTS Linux kernels.)

Seems like the idea of using a microkernel never occurred to them. Not 
seriously, anyway.

> Software like FUSE (Filesystem in Userspace) hints that some microkernel
> aspects are desirable even in a monolithic kernel system.

It is useful for less performance-intensive code. For example, NTFS 
support has primarily been primarily provided over the past couple of 
decades via FUSE; the equivalent kernel-based filesystem module has been 
lagging somewhat in features, even though that is still seen as the better 
approach for high performance.

Obviously this is not true of Linux filesystems in general, it just 
happens to be the case with NTFS.

> I know relatively little about OSes, but the arguments I have read on
> both sides seem to have been very biased.

Can’t argue with reality, though.

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#109708 — Re: Byte ordering

FromLawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid>
Date2024-10-14 23:51 +0000
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<vekapv$1co97$5@dont-email.me>
In reply to#109580
On Tue, 8 Oct 2024 22:28 +0100 (BST), John Dallman wrote:

> The same problem seems to have messed up all the attempts to provide
> good Unix emulation on VMS.

Was it the Perl build scripts that, at some point their compatibility 
tests on a *nix system, would announce “Congratulations! You’re not 
running EUNICE!”.

> In article <vdvvae$1k931$2@dont-email.me>, ldo@nz.invalid (Lawrence
> D'Oliveiro) wrote:
>
>> I think the whole _personality_ concept, along with the supposed
>> portability to non-x86 architectures, had just bit-rotted away by that
>> point.
> 
> Some combination of that, Microsoft confidence that "of course we can do
> something better now!" - they are very prone to overconfidence - and the
> terrible tendency of programmers to ignore the details of the old code.

It was the Microsoft management that did it -- the culmination of a whole 
sequence of short-term, profit-oriented decisions over many years ... 
decades. What may have started out as an “elegant design” finally became 
unrecognizable as such.

Compare what was happening to Linux over the same time interval, where the 
programmers were (largely) not beholden to managers and bean counters.

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#109711 — Re: Byte ordering

Frommitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1)
Date2024-10-15 00:17 +0000
SubjectRe: Byte ordering
Message-ID<4409d7d76314f27f6a14f3523d3e9365@www.novabbs.org>
In reply to#109708
On Mon, 14 Oct 2024 23:51:27 +0000, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:

> On Tue, 8 Oct 2024 22:28 +0100 (BST), John Dallman wrote:
>
>> The same problem seems to have messed up all the attempts to provide
>> good Unix emulation on VMS.
>
> Was it the Perl build scripts that, at some point their compatibility
> tests on a *nix system, would announce “Congratulations! You’re not
> running EUNICE!”.
>
>> In article <vdvvae$1k931$2@dont-email.me>, ldo@nz.invalid (Lawrence
>> D'Oliveiro) wrote:
>>
>>> I think the whole _personality_ concept, along with the supposed
>>> portability to non-x86 architectures, had just bit-rotted away by that
>>> point.
>>
>> Some combination of that, Microsoft confidence that "of course we can do
>> something better now!" - they are very prone to overconfidence - and the
>> terrible tendency of programmers to ignore the details of the old code.
>
> It was the Microsoft management that did it -- the culmination of a
> whole
> sequence of short-term, profit-oriented decisions over many years ...
> decades. What may have started out as an “elegant design” finally became
> unrecognizable as such.
>
> Compare what was happening to Linux over the same time interval, where
> the
> programmers were (largely) not beholden to managers and bean counters.

Last 5 words are unnecessary.

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