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Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures...

From Richard Heathfield <invalid@see.sig.invalid>
Organization Go, ion artisan!
Subject Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures...
Newsgroups comp.lang.c
References <32aade7c-a60c-4d76-9b25-ddb285438ce2@googlegroups.com>
Message-ID <uP8Aw.574247$El2.256448@fx04.am4> (permalink)
Date 2015-02-03 18:54 +0000

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jeffkrob16@gmail.com wrote:

> All,
> 
> I'm working with the code from the "General Polygon Clipper" Project.

James and Bartc have already answered the question you asked, so I'm going 
instead to answer a question you didn't ask...

> I've
> come across a recursive subroutine "add_to_sbtree" & included is the
> associated typedef struct.

...and it's about this phrase: "the associated typedef struct".

Thinking back to when I was fairly new to C, I remember having a similar 
confusion here. I thought that "typedef struct" was a sort of two-word 
keyword. But it isn't. It's a shorthand that combines two very different 
concepts, and it's important to disentangle these two concepts from each 
other.

There is, of course, no such thing as a "typedef struct". There are structs, 
and there are typedefs. So let's look at them separately, and then see how 
and why we combine them.

A struct is an "aggregate data type". My minimal research suggests that this 
concept also exists in Fortran, so you should be fine with it.

A struct is a programmer-defined aggregate data type, so you get to choose 
what it contains:

struct Point
{
  int x;
  int y;
};

for example. Now, the above is not a data definition. It defines a type. It 
says: "there now exists a type 'struct Point', which has members int x and 
int y."

If we wanted to define an instance of such a struct, we'd do it like this:

struct Point p;

p is now a struct Point, and p.x and p.y are its members.

We can take p's address: &p

We can define a pointer: struct Point *q = &p;

and so on. Okay, that'll do for struct, for now.

Enter the typedef.

The typedef keyword allows us to introduce a synonym for a type. Thus, if 
we're feeling particularly unkind to our readers, we can do things like 
this:

typedef int rabbit;

'rabbit' is now a synonym for 'int', so we can do this:

rabbit r = 0;

rabbit *pr = &r;

etc.

But this isn't a typedef int. It's just a typedef.

The syntax for typedef works like this: if you want a synonym X for a 
particular type Y, start by writing a declaration of X:

Y X;

and then add typedef at the beginning:

typedef Y X;

X is now a synonym for Y.

So if, for example, we have an array of six pointers to function taking 
double and returning int, but we want to make life easy on ourselves, we 
start off with a function declaration:

int foo(double);

Now let's make that a pointer:

int (*foo)(double);

NOW let's make foo a synonym for "pointer to function taking double and 
returning int":

typedef int (*foo)(double);

And now let's declare our array of six of them:

foo myfuncptrs[6];

Compared to the syntax for declaring such an array /without/ typedef, this 
is a major win!

Okay, back to structs.

We're sick and tired of typing 'struct' at the front of every declaration of 
a commonly-used struct. So we want to use a typedef. The rules are exactly 
the same. Start off with your struct declaration:

struct Point
{
  int x;
  int y;
} mypoint;

and now add typedef to the front:

typedef struct Point
{
  int x;
  int y;
} mypoint;

You can now write: mypoint firstpoint, secondpoint; firstpoint.x = 6; and so 
on.

Self-referential structures are a little trickier, because you have to 
remember to use the word struct after all. You can't do this:

typedef struct Tree
{
  tree *left;
  tree *right;
  int value;
} tree;

but you *can* do this:

typedef struct Tree
{
  struct Tree *left;
  struct Tree *right;
  int value;
} tree;

Personally, I dislike this way of doing things. I think it's better to make 
a clear distinction between the creation of the type and the creation of the 
synonym:

struct Tree
{
  struct Tree *left;
  struct Tree *right;
  int value;
};

typedef struct Tree tree;

Strictly speaking, the synonym could be 'Tree', but I prefer, again, to keep 
the names different to avoid confusion. Normally, though, I don't rely on 
case, but on an underscore:

struct tree_
{
  struct tree_ *left;
  struct tree_ *right;
  int value;
};

typedef struct tree_ tree;

Note that the underscore, if you choose to use it, goes at the end, not at 
the beginning. Many identifiers that begin with an underscore are reserved 
for the implementation, so in practice it's best to avoid them completely. 
But you're okay with underscores at the end.

The key point to take away is this: separate in your mind the concepts of 
'typedef' and 'struct'. They are not related in any way, other than that you 
can create a synonym for a struct, just as you can for any other type.

<snip>

-- 
Richard Heathfield
Email: rjh at cpax dot org dot uk
"Usenet is a strange place" - dmr 29 July 1999
Sig line 4 vacant - apply within

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Thread

Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... jeffkrob16@gmail.com - 2015-02-03 09:33 -0800
  Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-03 17:59 +0000
  Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... James Kuyper <jameskuyper@verizon.net> - 2015-02-03 13:01 -0500
  Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Barry Schwarz <schwarzb@dqel.com> - 2015-02-03 10:49 -0800
  Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <invalid@see.sig.invalid> - 2015-02-03 18:54 +0000
  Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... asetofsymbols@gmail.com - 2015-02-03 11:50 -0800
    Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... asetofsymbols@gmail.com - 2015-02-03 12:07 -0800
    Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Lew Pitcher <lew.pitcher@digitalfreehold.ca> - 2015-02-03 15:14 -0500
    Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Barry Schwarz <schwarzb@dqel.com> - 2015-02-03 15:06 -0800
      Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... asetofsymbols@gmail.com - 2015-02-03 22:19 -0800
  Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-03 21:40 +0000
    Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... asetofsymbols@gmail.com - 2015-02-03 22:56 -0800
      Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... asetofsymbols@gmail.com - 2015-02-03 23:02 -0800
      Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... asetofsymbols@gmail.com - 2015-02-04 00:01 -0800
  Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... jeffkrob16@gmail.com - 2015-02-04 10:53 -0800
    Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-04 11:21 -0800
    Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-04 19:32 +0000
    Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Barry Schwarz <schwarzb@dqel.com> - 2015-02-04 11:59 -0800
    Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... hormelfree@gmail.com - 2015-02-04 15:30 -0800
      Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... jeffkrob16@gmail.com - 2015-02-04 19:41 -0800
        Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-05 04:06 +0000
          Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-05 10:36 +0000
            Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-05 10:59 +0000
            Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-05 11:03 +0000
            Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-05 12:30 +0000
              Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-05 12:46 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-05 12:49 +0000
            Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... hormelfree@gmail.com - 2015-02-05 15:08 -0800
          Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-05 08:48 -0800
          Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... hormelfree@gmail.com - 2015-02-05 15:16 -0800
            Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-05 23:35 +0000
              Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... hormelfree@gmail.com - 2015-02-07 12:11 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-07 12:22 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-07 22:03 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-07 14:47 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-07 17:15 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ian Collins <ian-news@hotmail.com> - 2015-02-08 17:22 +1300
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-08 02:47 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-08 11:20 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-08 14:36 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ian Collins <ian-news@hotmail.com> - 2015-02-09 11:51 +1300
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-08 15:02 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Geoff <geoff@invalid.invalid> - 2015-02-08 16:55 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-09 03:24 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-09 11:56 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2015-02-09 14:25 +0100
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-09 14:00 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2015-02-09 15:26 +0100
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-09 14:39 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2015-02-09 16:59 +0100
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... raltbos@xs4all.nl (Richard Bos) - 2015-02-09 16:01 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-09 13:39 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... James Kuyper <jameskuyper@verizon.net> - 2015-02-09 09:46 -0500
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-09 14:50 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-09 08:22 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... gazelle@shell.xmission.com (Kenny McCormack) - 2015-02-09 13:24 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-09 16:03 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-09 11:01 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-09 21:54 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Öö Tiib <ootiib@hot.ee> - 2015-02-09 19:22 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-10 11:34 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-10 14:15 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-10 00:38 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-10 09:21 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ian Collins <ian-news@hotmail.com> - 2015-02-10 22:24 +1300
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-10 09:25 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-10 09:03 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-10 17:12 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-10 09:56 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-10 18:12 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-10 11:24 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... gazelle@shell.xmission.com (Kenny McCormack) - 2015-02-10 20:18 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-10 09:16 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-10 22:12 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-11 02:58 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-10 19:00 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-11 07:56 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... David Thompson <dave.thompson2@verizon.net> - 2015-02-22 18:08 -0500
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-10 16:01 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ian Collins <ian-news@hotmail.com> - 2015-02-10 11:26 +1300
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2015-02-10 10:29 +0100
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-09 08:32 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-09 11:09 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... gazelle@shell.xmission.com (Kenny McCormack) - 2015-02-09 19:39 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Martin Shobe <martin.shobe@yahoo.com> - 2015-02-09 14:04 -0600
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-09 12:24 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2015-02-10 10:34 +0100
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-08 11:42 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-07 22:50 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-07 17:07 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-08 11:29 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-08 12:14 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-08 13:44 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-08 22:39 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-08 11:12 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-08 20:01 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-08 20:06 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-08 21:04 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-08 21:11 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-08 23:48 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-08 13:30 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Lew Pitcher <lew.pitcher@digitalfreehold.ca> - 2015-02-08 16:47 -0500
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-08 14:53 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-09 02:31 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-09 10:35 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-09 13:57 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-09 07:59 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Öö Tiib <ootiib@hot.ee> - 2015-02-09 18:15 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-10 05:54 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-09 16:17 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-08 22:04 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-08 14:57 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-08 23:45 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-09 02:53 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-09 09:29 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-09 10:10 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-09 11:24 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ike Naar <ike@iceland.freeshell.org> - 2015-02-09 17:36 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-09 17:56 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-09 10:51 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-09 11:10 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2015-02-09 11:25 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-09 11:43 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-10 02:13 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-10 03:26 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... raltbos@xs4all.nl (Richard Bos) - 2015-02-09 21:18 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Bartc <bc@freeuk.com> - 2015-02-09 23:11 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-08 12:10 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-08 11:18 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2015-02-08 19:27 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... hormelfree@gmail.com - 2015-02-09 15:00 -0800
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-09 16:00 -0800
        Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2015-02-05 02:49 -0800
          Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-05 11:16 +0000
          Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2015-02-05 09:00 -0800
            Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-06 00:29 +0000
              Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Robert Wessel <robertwessel2@yahoo.com> - 2015-02-05 19:20 -0600
              Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... "Charles Richmond" <numerist@aquaporin4.com> - 2015-02-06 16:15 -0600
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-07 00:57 +0000
              Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... Kaz Kylheku <kaz@kylheku.com> - 2015-02-07 01:40 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-07 08:22 +0000
                Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2015-02-07 12:06 +0000
            Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... John Bode <jfbode1029@gmail.com> - 2015-02-06 15:03 -0800
        Re: Fortran Guy Learning C - Structures... hormelfree@gmail.com - 2015-02-05 15:12 -0800

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