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Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow?

From Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com>
Newsgroups comp.lang.c
Subject Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow?
Date 2026-08-25 22:52 -0700
Organization A noiseless patient Spider
Message-ID <86zey9xwbi.fsf@linuxsc.com> (permalink)
References (16 earlier) <116lbu1$32eog$5@dont-email.me> <116ldkn$8blf$1@kst.eternal-september.org> <116lh3g$32eog$7@dont-email.me> <867bldzj0c.fsf@linuxsc.com> <116lmqi$32eog$8@dont-email.me>

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Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> writes:

> On 2026-08-26 04:57, Tim Rentsch wrote:
>
>> Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> writes:
>>
>>> On 2026-08-26 02:56, Keith Thompson wrote:
>>>
>>>> Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> writes:
>>>>
>>>>> On 2026-08-18 01:49, Keith Thompson wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>> scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) writes:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> writes:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> [...]
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Some people see that as an advantage - being able to write
>>>>>>>> "unsigned very_big = -1;".  I dislike it personally, but styles
>>>>>>>> and preferences vary, and it has portability advantages over,
>>>>>>>> say, 0xffff'ffff.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I also dislike that use of -1.  I prefer using ~0ul to get
>>>>>>> all-ones.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I'd use ~0ul to get all-ones,
>>>>>
>>>>> Exactly.  As '~' is the bit-complement operator it's the most
>>>>> obvious, most consistent, and thus to be expected to be understood
>>>>> by most if not all C-programmers.  But do we need the type
>>>>> qualification at all?  A quick test seems to indicate that '~0'
>>>>> can be used for all integral types.  (That's what my compiler
>>>>> says, don't know about the standard.)
>>>>>
>>>>>> -1 or -1u to get the largest value
>>>>>> of the type (or preferably UINT_MAX, but -1 is good if it's not
>>>>>> obvious *which* unsigned type I'm using).
>>>>
>>>> -1 is an expression of type int.  Converting it to an unsigned type
>>>> always yields the largest value of that type.  Same for -1 of any
>>>> signed type.
>>>>
>>>> -1u is of type unsigned int.  Converting it to an unsigned type
>>>> wider than unsigned int will not give you the largest value of that
>>>> type.  Using -1u makes sense only if you know you want a value of
>>>> type unsigned int.
>>>
>>> I'm not sure it was clear that my "But do we need the type
>>> qualification at all?" remark was meant for the '~0' context and
>>> "all-bits-set case".
>>>
>>> Mind, you had previously written:  "I prefer using ~0ul". - And I
>>> was asking whether that would be necessary here, i.e. for the
>>> bits-case and unknown sizes of the underlying types. - I'd think
>>> that a "generic" '~0' would suffice (and impose the least
>>> surprises).
>>
>> The expression ~0 works for some conforming implementations.
>
> Not sure I understand your formulation ("some conforming ...").
>
> Are you implying that the following examples are non-portable,
> undefined, or depending on the concrete (standard-)conforming
> implementation, or something else?

Yes.

> short unsigned int sd = ~0;
> unsigned int d = ~0;
> long unsigned int ld = ~0;
> long long unsigned int lld = ~0;
>
> The comment in my K&R copy sounds as if it should work on any
> integral type like that. - Have the C-standards changed that?

If you mean the original K&R then yes.

> Can you provide some evidence or C-standard-quote where that is
> documented? - I'm really interested to know.

https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1256.pdf

Section 6.2.6, Representation of types, subsection 6.2.6.2,
Integer types.  Give particular attention to paragraphs 2
through 4.

Also section 6.5 paragraph 4.  I'm sorry I'm not able to quote
these passages here;  some temporary difficulties are preventing
my doing that.


>> [...]
>> Generally I tend to prefer code that always works over code
>> that only sometimes works.
>
> I'd say that most people would agree to that triviality.
>
> I think we can spare us such Kindergarten-rhetorics; it neither
> supports or affirmates the answer nor provides any evidence for
> the expressed statement. - Thanks.

First my comment wasn't meant to be directed at you.  I was
just stating a general principle.

Second I could agree that such statements should go without
saying, except that all too often there are examples given that
seem to violate them.  Using ~0u or ~0ul are a case in point:
both of these forms are fragile.  Yet such constructs or other
fragile patterns are frequently presented as conventional
wisdom.

Third for supporting statements I have given references above.
You should be able to find all the explanation needed in the
referenced passages.

Let me say again that nothing in these last two replies was
meant to be antagonistic.  My aim has been simply to provide
factual answers, along with a general statement meant to explain
why one might want to prefer -1 over some of the suggested
alternatives.

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Thread

why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 03:01 -0500
  Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 13:11 +0200
    Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-08-11 12:45 +0100
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 14:34 +0200
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 14:55 +0200
        Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-11 15:19 +0200
          Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 15:27 +0200
            Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-11 16:08 +0200
              Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 16:18 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-11 17:11 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 17:20 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-11 17:32 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 17:39 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-11 18:33 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 18:39 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-11 23:31 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-08-11 11:46 -0400
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-11 18:35 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-08-11 22:53 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-12 10:08 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 03:58 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-12 13:31 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-12 22:43 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 13:44 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-13 00:24 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 16:49 -0500
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-13 08:38 +0200
                Re: Calculation of sine with tables (was Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow?) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-13 14:36 +0000
                Re: Calculation of sine with tables (was Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow?) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-13 17:07 +0200
                Re: Calculation of sine with tables (was Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow?) Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-13 19:07 +0200
                Re: Calculation of sine with tables (was Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow?) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-13 22:24 +0200
                Re: Calculation of sine with tables (was Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow?) Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-08-13 16:36 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-13 18:59 -0500
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-13 18:51 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 00:58 -0500
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 12:08 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 15:48 -0500
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 13:51 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 16:40 -0500
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 19:24 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 22:51 -0500
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 22:33 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-08-15 10:40 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-15 11:41 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-17 14:48 -0500
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-16 14:58 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-14 08:57 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 12:46 -0700
                Calculation of sine with tables (was Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow?) Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-13 14:45 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-15 13:00 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-15 23:17 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-17 10:07 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-18 00:35 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-18 11:22 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-18 22:22 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-18 21:59 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-18 08:38 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-18 22:17 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-18 15:42 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-18 17:44 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-19 21:55 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-19 18:25 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-20 22:03 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-21 07:31 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-19 04:53 +0800
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2026-08-13 12:59 -0400
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-08-12 20:23 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-11 18:19 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 20:21 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-11 21:10 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-12 00:42 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 06:41 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-12 14:19 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 16:56 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-12 15:32 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-12 22:05 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Paul <nospam@needed.invalid> - 2026-08-12 19:09 -0400
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-08-11 21:58 +0300
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 21:44 -0700
              Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-08-11 15:45 +0100
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 16:56 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-11 17:23 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 17:24 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-08-11 16:23 +0100
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 17:26 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 17:54 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 18:40 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 08:49 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Paul <nospam@needed.invalid> - 2026-08-12 09:11 -0400
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 16:05 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 12:40 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-13 15:46 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-13 14:28 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 16:20 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-08-11 18:43 +0100
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 19:56 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-08-11 20:41 +0100
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 06:42 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-12 10:23 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 20:24 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-08-11 20:27 +0100
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 06:45 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-11 17:16 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-16 07:33 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-16 17:12 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-16 17:51 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-16 18:35 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-16 18:41 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-16 21:30 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-08-16 23:41 +0100
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-17 08:56 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-17 03:32 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-17 08:59 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-17 11:08 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-08-17 03:48 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-08-17 04:25 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-17 13:44 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-17 14:26 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-17 16:58 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-08-17 16:49 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-23 09:14 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-26 02:27 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-08-25 17:56 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-26 03:56 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-25 19:57 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-26 05:33 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-25 22:52 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-26 09:48 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-26 20:29 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-27 10:12 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-08-26 03:29 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-26 15:40 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-23 06:50 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-17 10:22 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-17 19:49 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-17 20:00 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-17 20:37 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-26 02:48 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-08-18 18:18 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2026-08-18 20:26 +0000
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-11 15:17 +0200
        Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 15:28 +0200
          Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-11 16:43 +0200
            Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 16:47 +0200
              Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-11 17:24 +0200
    Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Paul <nospam@needed.invalid> - 2026-08-11 09:36 -0400
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 16:42 -0500
  Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2026-08-11 19:15 +0200
    Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 16:41 -0500
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 16:49 -0500
        Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-08-11 23:28 +0100
          Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 17:51 -0500
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 15:33 -0700
        Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 17:49 -0500
          Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-08-11 16:19 -0700
            Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 00:32 -0500
              Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 14:08 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 18:40 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-14 02:50 +0000
  Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-12 04:26 +0000
    Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 01:37 -0500
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Paul <nospam@needed.invalid> - 2026-08-13 00:12 -0400
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-14 11:22 +0800
        Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 01:00 -0500
          Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-14 14:47 +0800
            Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 13:54 -0500
              Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-16 22:49 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-17 14:56 -0500
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-17 23:53 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-17 19:59 -0500
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-18 02:47 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-17 15:17 -0500
            Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 12:03 -0700
              Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-15 03:51 +0800
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 12:52 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-15 04:01 +0800
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 13:27 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 13:29 -0700
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-15 04:49 +0800
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 20:32 -0700
    Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-08-12 11:28 +0100
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-12 23:52 +0000
        Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2026-08-13 01:30 +0100
          Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-13 02:24 +0000
            Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2026-08-12 21:13 -0700
              Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-13 14:33 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-13 16:45 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-13 14:55 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-13 18:10 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-13 16:16 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-13 16:21 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-17 06:37 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-17 21:37 +0800
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-13 17:19 +0200
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-08-13 16:09 +0000
                Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-13 18:52 +0200
          Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-08-18 16:33 +0000
  Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-13 17:19 +0800
    Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-13 19:07 -0500
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-14 10:58 +0800
        Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-14 01:14 -0500
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-08-17 06:40 +0000
        Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson <johann@myrkraverk.invalid> - 2026-08-17 21:40 +0800
  Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-18 00:42 -0500
    Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2026-08-18 09:34 +0200
    Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-18 11:32 +0200
      Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-21 17:22 -0500
        Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-08-22 12:30 +0200
          Re: why is there not a ipow version of pow? Lynn McGuire <lynnmcguire5@gmail.com> - 2026-08-24 19:09 -0500

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