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Groups > comp.lang.c > #394652

Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case

From David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no>
Newsgroups comp.lang.c
Subject Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case
Date 2025-10-22 15:41 +0200
Organization A noiseless patient Spider
Message-ID <10damv3$ku01$1@dont-email.me> (permalink)
References <10da67g$3q59f$1@dont-email.me> <10da8bo$hker$1@dont-email.me> <10dag3d$jkju$1@dont-email.me>

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On 22/10/2025 13:44, Richard Harnden wrote:
> On 22/10/2025 10:32, Janis Papanagnou wrote:
>> On 22.10.2025 10:56, pozz wrote:
>>>
>>>> Switch statements without a default case can lead to unexpected
>>>> behavior and incomplete handling of all possible cases. When a switch
>>>> statement lacks a default case, if a value is encountered that does
>>>> not match any of the specified cases, the program will continue
>>>> execution without any defined behavior or handling.
>>>
>>> Maybe I misunderstood that sentence caused by my bad English. I knew
>>> that in case the switch value is not present in any case inside the
>>> switch, the program continues without doing anything (in the switch) and
>>> without any problem.
>>>
>>> int x = 3;
>>> switch(x) {
>>>    case 1: printf("Hello");break;
>>>    case 2: printf("World");break;
>>> }
>>>
>>> Will the program execution continue without any defined behaviour?

Presumably you meant "without any undefined behaviour" ?  The code is 
fine - if no cases match and there is no default case, execution 
continues from the end of the switch statement.  Like most warnings, 
this is about a possible bug in the code - not a definite one.

>>
>> Your program fragment is well defined.
>>
>> What the poster certainly tried to express was that in case you
>> haven't implemented a complete list of all possible cases and
>> also not provided a 'default' to catch all non-specified cases,
>> then you might get in troubles with your program, probably by
>> possible oversights, future extensions, new data, and whatnot.
>>
>> Personally I have the habit to always define a default branch,
>> and even if that default is impossible to reach you'll find an
>> error message (like "internal error with unexpected value...")
>> generated at that place.

I don't think it is normally appropriate to add a default case unless 
you actually need it - code that exists but can never be reached is 
untestable and can be confusing to people reading the code.  But 
sometimes it can be useful to add a "default : printf("Internal 
error...");" for debugging, however.

In some code, I will have "default : __builtin_unreachable();" to 
improve code efficiency.


>>
> Use an enum, and the compiler will warn you ...
> 
> $ cat x.c
> #include <stdio.h>
> 
> enum x {A, B, C};
> 
> int main(void)
> {
>      enum x x = C;
> 
>      switch (x)
>      {
>          case A:
>              printf("A\n");
>              break;
> 
>          case B:
>              printf("B\n");
>              break;
>      }
> 
>      return 0;
> }
> 
> $ gcc -Wall x.c
> x.c: In function ‘main’:
> x.c:9:9: warning: enumeration value ‘C’ not handled in switch [-Wswitch]
>      9 |         switch (x)
>        |         ^~~~~~
> 
> 

gcc has a number of warning options regarding switches :

-Wimplicit-fallthrough=n
Warns when you have fall-through between cases, unless you add a 
[[fallthrough]] attribute, "// fallthrough" comment, or the like.  It is 
enabled by -Wextra.

-Wswitch
Warns when you have a switch on an enumerated type, and are missing an 
enumeration value and don't have a default case.  This is in -Wall.

-Wswitch-default
Warns when a switch does not have a default case.

-Wswitch-enum
Warns when you have a switch on an enumerated type, and are missing an 
enumeration value, even if you have a default case.



I think it is generally a good idea to use enumerated types when you are 
representing a number of possible options, rather than a plain "int" 
with "magic numbers" or individual #define constants.  Then "-Wswitch" 
(usually from "-Wall") or "-Wswitch-enum" is typically a good idea.

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Thread

bugprone-switch-missing-default-case pozz <pozzugno@gmail.com> - 2025-10-22 10:56 +0200
  Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2025-10-22 11:32 +0200
    Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Richard Harnden <richard.nospam@gmail.invalid> - 2025-10-22 12:44 +0100
      Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Thiago Adams <thiago.adams@gmail.com> - 2025-10-22 10:05 -0300
        Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-10-22 18:22 +0000
          Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-23 09:12 +0200
            Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Thiago Adams <thiago.adams@gmail.com> - 2025-10-23 08:03 -0300
              Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-23 17:06 +0200
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Thiago Adams <thiago.adams@gmail.com> - 2025-10-23 13:15 -0300
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2025-10-23 17:46 +0100
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Thiago Adams <thiago.adams@gmail.com> - 2025-10-23 14:12 -0300
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-23 22:40 +0200
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-10-23 20:51 +0000
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-10-23 16:21 -0700
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-24 08:59 +0200
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-10-24 15:51 +0000
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case tTh <tth@none.invalid> - 2025-10-23 23:57 +0200
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-24 09:22 +0200
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-10-23 23:23 +0000
                Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-24 09:53 +0200
      Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-22 15:41 +0200
        Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2025-10-22 16:05 +0200
          Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-22 17:23 +0200
            Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2025-10-23 04:54 +0200
              Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-23 09:30 +0200
            Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-10-23 22:40 +0000
        Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-10-22 12:41 -0700
          Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case pozz <pozzugno@gmail.com> - 2025-10-23 08:47 +0200
            Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-10-23 16:17 -0700
              Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-10-23 19:13 -0700
          Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-23 10:44 +0200
      Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2025-10-22 15:56 +0200
        Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-22 17:25 +0200
          Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2025-10-23 04:39 +0200
            Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-23 09:08 +0200
          Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-10-23 16:31 -0700
            Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-10-24 10:09 +0200
  Re: bugprone-switch-missing-default-case Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-10-22 18:13 +0000

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