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Groups > sci.logic > #346714 > unrolled thread

Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics

Started byolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
First post2026-06-17 16:14 -0500
Last post2026-06-23 09:55 -0500
Articles 20 on this page of 364 — 11 participants

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  Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-17 16:14 -0500
    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-18 14:35 -0500
      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-19 10:23 +0300
        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-19 07:46 -0500
          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-19 20:28 +0000
            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-19 15:50 -0500
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-19 21:05 +0000
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-19 16:24 -0500
            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-19 15:57 -0500
            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-19 18:30 -0500
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-19 22:27 -0700
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 09:20 -0500
            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-19 21:35 -0500
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-19 22:27 -0700
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-19 23:04 -0700
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 09:29 -0500
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 09:22 -0500
            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-19 21:40 -0500
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-20 11:05 +0300
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 14:02 -0500
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 15:17 -0400
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 12:30 -0700
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 15:45 -0500
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 15:03 -0500
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 16:17 -0400
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 16:03 -0500
                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 17:17 -0400
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-21 13:02 +0300
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-21 12:57 +0300
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 18:51 -0500
                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 20:16 -0400
                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-22 10:13 +0300
                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 08:13 -0500
                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 11:01 -0700
                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 13:12 -0500
                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 12:28 -0700
                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-23 08:39 +0300
                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 09:29 -0500
                                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-24 11:23 +0300
                                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-24 15:19 -0500
                                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-25 10:09 +0300
                                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-25 08:43 -0500
                                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-26 09:17 +0300
                                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 07:59 -0500
                                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-27 10:16 +0300
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-21 12:48 +0300
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 13:36 -0500
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics phoenix <j63840576@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 12:54 -0600
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-22 09:23 +0300
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 00:18 -0700
            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 08:50 -0500
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-20 15:34 +0000
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 10:47 -0500
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-20 16:08 +0000
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 11:37 -0500
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-21 13:11 +0300
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 18:55 -0500
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-22 09:27 +0300
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 00:19 -0700
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 07:05 -0500
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-23 08:43 +0300
                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- One-two punch Destroys Liars olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 09:38 -0500
                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- One-two punch Destroys Liars Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 08:53 -0700
            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 09:51 -0500
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-21 14:04 +0300
            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 16:39 -0500
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics phoenix <j63840576@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 16:36 -0600
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 18:15 -0500
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics phoenix <j63840576@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 18:32 -0600
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 19:44 -0500
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-22 10:46 +0300
                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 10:16 -0500
                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-23 08:49 +0300
                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 09:40 -0500
                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-24 12:45 +0300
                                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-24 15:23 -0500
                                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-25 10:14 +0300
                                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-25 08:47 -0500
                                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-26 09:23 +0300
                                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 08:02 -0500
                                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-27 10:19 +0300
                                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics polcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 10:34 -0500
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 21:27 -0700
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 00:22 -0700
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 21:16 -0700
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics André G. Isaak <agisaak@gm.invalid> - 2026-06-21 18:05 -0600
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 19:14 -0500
          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-20 10:50 +0300
            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 09:41 -0500
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-21 13:17 +0300
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 18:58 -0500
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-22 09:41 +0300
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 07:09 -0500
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-23 08:55 +0300
                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 09:47 -0500
                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-24 12:52 +0300
                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-24 15:25 -0500
                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-25 10:18 +0300
                                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-25 08:58 -0500
                                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-26 09:34 +0300
                                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 08:05 -0500
                                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-27 10:27 +0300
                                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics polcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 10:36 -0500
                                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-28 11:04 +0300
      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-19 22:25 -0700
        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 09:18 -0500
          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 10:36 -0400
            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 09:54 -0500
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 10:57 -0400
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 10:22 -0500
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 11:23 -0400
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 10:44 -0500
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 11:48 -0400
                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 09:45 -0700
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 16:20 -0400
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 09:29 -0700
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 11:45 -0500
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 09:47 -0700
                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 11:57 -0500
                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 13:13 -0400
                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 10:21 -0700
                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 10:19 -0700
                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 12:33 -0500
                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 13:36 -0400
                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 12:13 -0700
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-20 19:48 +0000
                        Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 16:00 -0500
                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 17:19 -0400
                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 16:30 -0500
                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 17:34 -0400
                                Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 17:26 -0500
                                  Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 20:11 -0400
                                    Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 19:26 -0500
                                      Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 20:29 -0400
                                        Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 20:06 -0500
                                          Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 21:28 -0400
                                            Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 20:32 -0500
                                              Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 21:38 -0400
                                                Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 20:48 -0500
                                                  Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 21:51 -0400
                                                    Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-06-25 12:54 -0700
                                                    Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-25 16:01 -0500
                                                    Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-25 16:05 -0500
                                                  Re: Disjunction introduction --- new premise from out of no where Tristan Wibberley <tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk> - 2026-07-04 15:11 +0100
                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-20 21:43 +0000
                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-20 17:47 -0500
                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-21 11:26 +0000
                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 13:42 -0500
                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction phoenix <j63840576@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 12:53 -0600
                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-21 20:04 +0000
                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 15:42 -0500
                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction André G. Isaak <agisaak@gm.invalid> - 2026-06-21 15:08 -0600
                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 18:02 -0500
                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge André G. Isaak <agisaak@gm.invalid> - 2026-06-21 18:02 -0600
                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge -- Kristen Welker olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 19:12 -0500
                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge -- Kristen Welker dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 20:20 -0400
                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-22 09:49 +0300
                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 07:10 -0500
                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-23 09:06 +0300
                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 09:48 -0500
                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 08:53 -0700
                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-24 13:00 +0300
                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-24 15:26 -0500
                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-25 10:21 +0300
                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-25 11:14 -0500
                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-26 09:39 +0300
                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 08:10 -0500
                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 09:20 -0400
                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 08:45 -0500
                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 09:57 -0400
                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 09:24 -0500
                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 12:08 -0400
                                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 12:22 -0500
                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 13:25 -0400
                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 12:39 -0500
                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 13:42 -0400
                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 12:53 -0500
                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 14:02 -0400
                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge André G. Isaak <agisaak@gm.invalid> - 2026-06-26 12:14 -0600
                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 13:48 -0500
                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 14:51 -0400
                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 14:07 -0500
                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 15:17 -0400
                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 14:38 -0500
                                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 15:55 -0400
                                                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 17:01 -0500
                                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 18:08 -0400
                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 17:58 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 19:18 -0400
                                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 19:05 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 20:23 -0400
                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 19:48 -0500
                                                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 21:11 -0400
                                                                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 20:39 -0500
                                                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 21:51 -0400
                                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 21:00 -0500
                                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge polcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 08:34 -0500
                                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-27 11:05 +0300
                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge polcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 10:47 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 15:37 -0700
                                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 17:47 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 19:24 -0700
                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 22:21 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 19:25 -0700
                                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-28 11:22 +0300
                                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-28 11:17 +0300
                                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-27 10:48 +0300
                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge polcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 10:45 -0500
                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-28 11:38 +0300
                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-27 10:35 +0300
                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge polcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 10:43 -0500
                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 14:01 -0400
                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 13:27 -0500
                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 14:29 -0400
                                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 13:38 -0500
                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 14:39 -0400
                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 14:01 -0500
                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 15:04 -0400
                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 14:16 -0500
                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 15:23 -0400
                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 14:40 -0500
                                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 15:54 -0400
                                                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 15:04 -0500
                                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 16:11 -0400
                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 15:17 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 16:22 -0400
                                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 15:27 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 16:30 -0400
                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 16:36 -0400
                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 15:52 -0500
                                                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 16:59 -0400
                                                                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 16:24 -0500
                                                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 17:50 -0400
                                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 17:11 -0500
                                                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 18:15 -0400
                                                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 17:18 -0500
                                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 18:21 -0400
                                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 17:29 -0500
                                                                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 18:33 -0400
                                                                                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 17:44 -0500
                                                                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 18:53 -0400
                                                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 18:27 -0500
                                                                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 19:33 -0400
                                                                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 18:59 -0500
                                                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge dbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 21:13 -0400
                                                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 20:33 -0500
                                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-28 12:38 +0300
                                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-28 12:31 +0300
                                                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-28 22:12 -0500
                                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-29 09:23 +0300
                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-29 08:38 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-30 10:48 +0300
                                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-30 08:43 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-01 10:01 +0300
                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-01 10:09 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-30 11:43 +0300
                                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-30 09:22 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-01 10:13 +0300
                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-01 10:13 -0500
                                                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-02 09:44 +0300
                                                                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-02 09:45 -0500
                                                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-07-02 08:16 -0700
                                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-02 11:47 -0500
                                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-03 12:15 +0300
                                                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-03 11:41 +0300
                                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-03 10:23 -0500
                                                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-07-03 10:34 -0700
                                                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-03 13:17 -0500
                                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-07-03 13:36 -0700
                                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-07-03 18:14 -0700
                                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-04 10:02 +0300
                                                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-04 09:58 +0300
                                                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-04 08:24 -0500
                                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-06 13:13 +0300
                                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-06 12:51 -0500
                                                                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-08 10:29 +0300
                                                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-03 12:39 +0300
                                                                                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-03 11:43 -0500
                                                                                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-04 10:22 +0300
                                                                                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-04 08:29 -0500
                                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-07-04 14:07 +0000
                                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-04 11:38 -0500
                                                                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-07-04 17:42 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-06 10:10 +0300
                                                                                                                    Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-06 08:51 -0500
                                                                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-07-08 10:35 +0300
                                                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-28 11:38 +0300
                                                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge André G. Isaak <agisaak@gm.invalid> - 2026-06-27 13:40 -0600
                                                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 14:46 -0500
                                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-28 11:32 +0300
                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-22 12:47 +0000
                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 09:30 -0500
                                      Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-22 10:23 +0300
                                        Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 09:44 -0500
                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-22 15:22 +0000
                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 10:36 -0500
                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 12:07 -0700
                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 14:21 -0500
                                          Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-23 09:15 +0300
                                            Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 09:52 -0500
                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 08:54 -0700
                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 09:06 -0700
                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 11:56 -0500
                                              Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-24 13:06 +0300
                                                Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-24 16:31 -0500
                                                  Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- analytic/synthetic distinction Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-25 10:49 +0300
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-21 13:26 +0300
          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-21 13:23 +0300
            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-21 19:00 -0500
              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-22 10:40 +0300
                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 10:12 -0500
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-22 15:48 +0000
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 11:23 -0500
                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-22 18:42 +0000
                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 13:59 -0500
                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-22 19:50 +0000
                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 15:06 -0500
                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Alan Mackenzie <acm@muc.de> - 2026-06-22 20:38 +0000
                                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 16:01 -0500
                                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 16:55 -0500
                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 21:00 -0700
                                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 23:14 -0500
                                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 21:31 -0700
                                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 09:22 -0500
                                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 08:51 -0700
                                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 11:54 -0500
                                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 10:32 -0700
                                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 10:58 -0700
                                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 13:24 -0500
                                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 07:26 -0700
                                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 13:20 -0500
                                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-24 13:13 +0300
                                                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-24 16:33 -0500
                                                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs phoenix <j63840576@gmail.com> - 2026-06-24 18:28 -0600
                                                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-25 10:29 +0300
                                                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-25 11:16 -0500
                                                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-26 09:45 +0300
                                                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-26 08:15 -0500
                                                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-27 11:13 +0300
                                                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 07:25 -0700
                                                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs polcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 10:53 -0500
                                                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-28 12:51 +0300
                                                                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-30 06:23 -0700
                                                                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-30 09:53 -0500
                                                                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-30 10:36 -0700
                                                                      Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-30 19:47 -0700
                                                                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-30 22:01 -0500
                                                                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-07-01 05:13 -0700
                                                                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-01 09:59 -0500
                                                                              Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-07-01 10:00 -0700
                                                                                DAG of all general knowledge that can be expressed in Language olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-01 12:57 -0500
                                                                                  Re: DAG of all general knowledge that can be expressed in Language Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-07-01 12:31 -0700
                                                                                    Re: DAG of all general knowledge that can be expressed in Language "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-07-01 12:37 -0700
                                                                                      Re: DAG of all general knowledge that can be expressed in Language Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-07-01 13:16 -0700
                                                                                        Re: DAG of all general knowledge that can be expressed in Language "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-07-01 18:59 -0700
                                                                                    Re: DAG of all general knowledge that can be expressed in Language olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-07-01 14:51 -0500
                                                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed graphs Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-27 07:19 -0700
                                          Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) --- cycles in directed  graphs Python <python@cccp.invalid> - 2026-06-23 21:04 +0000
                                Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 21:16 -0700
                                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Ross Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 21:28 -0700
                            Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-22 15:08 -0500
                        Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 09:17 -0500
                  Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics Mikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi> - 2026-06-23 09:26 +0300
                    Re: Ross A. Finlayson, readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics olcott <polcott333@gmail.com> - 2026-06-23 09:55 -0500

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#347044 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromdbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 14:51 -0400
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111mho7$lde0$6@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347043
On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>
>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no meaning 
>>>> in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>
>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>
>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>
>> André
>>
> 
> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
> 
> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
> 

So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to put 
things in words you can understand:

Godel proved that any axiomatic system of arithmetic contains 
out-of-scope statements.

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#347045 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 14:07 -0500
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111mild$osp8$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347044
On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>
>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no meaning 
>>>>> in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>
>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>
>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>
>>> André
>>>
>>
>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>
>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>
> 
> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to put 
> things in words you can understand:
> 

"I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
  Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.

> Godel proved that any axiomatic system of arithmetic contains out-of- 
> scope statements.

Sure, PA also has no idea that driving means operating a motor vehicle.

-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott

My 28 year goal has been to make
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
The complete structure of this system is now defined.

The entire body of knowledge expressed in language is
comprised of two types of relations between finite strings:
(a) *Axioms* Expressions of language that are stipulated to be true.

My system bridges the analytic/synthetic distinction by
expressly encoding all empirical "atomic facts" in a formal
language such as CycL of the Cyc project.

(b) *Inference Rules* Expressions of language that are semantically
entailed syntactically from (a) and/or (b).

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#347046 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromdbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 15:17 -0400
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111mj8p$lde0$7@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347045
On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no 
>>>>>> meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>
>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>
>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>
>>>> André
>>>>
>>>
>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>
>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>
>>
>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to put 
>> things in words you can understand:
>>
> 
> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.

Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.

"No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and it is 
true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out-of-scope").

> 
>> Godel proved that any axiomatic system of arithmetic contains out-of- 
>> scope statements.
> 
> Sure, PA also has no idea that driving means operating a motor vehicle.
> 

Not applicable.

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#347047 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 14:38 -0500
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111mkfl$pefu$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347046
On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no 
>>>>>>> meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>
>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>
>>>>> André
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>
>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>
>>>
>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to put 
>>> things in words you can understand:
>>>
>>
>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
> 
> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
> 

It is expressed in PA to the same degree that G is expressed
in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.

> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and it is 
> true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out-of-scope").
> 

If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
then it is not actually expressible in Q.

>>
>>> Godel proved that any axiomatic system of arithmetic contains out-of- 
>>> scope statements.
>>
>> Sure, PA also has no idea that driving means operating a motor vehicle.
>>
> 
> Not applicable.


-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott

My 28 year goal has been to make
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
The complete structure of this system is now defined.

The entire body of knowledge expressed in language is
comprised of two types of relations between finite strings:
(a) *Axioms* Expressions of language that are stipulated to be true.

My system bridges the analytic/synthetic distinction by
expressly encoding all empirical "atomic facts" in a formal
language such as CycL of the Cyc project.

(b) *Inference Rules* Expressions of language that are semantically
entailed syntactically from (a) and/or (b).

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#347048 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromdbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 15:55 -0400
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111mlfh$lde0$8@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347047
On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no 
>>>>>>>> meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>
>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> André
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>
>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to put 
>>>> things in words you can understand:
>>>>
>>>
>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>
>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>
> 
> It is expressed in PA 

False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.

> to the same degree that G is expressed
> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.

False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more complex.

> 
>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and it is 
>> true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out-of-scope").
>>
> 
> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
> then it is not actually expressible in Q.

"No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the language of 
Q.  More formally, it is this:

~∃x x=S(x)

And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in terms you 
would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).

> 
>>>
>>>> Godel proved that any axiomatic system of arithmetic contains out- 
>>>> of- scope statements.
>>>
>>> Sure, PA also has no idea that driving means operating a motor vehicle.
>>>
>>
>> Not applicable.
> 
> 

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#347049 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 17:01 -0500
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111msrp$rtlv$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347048
On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no 
>>>>>>>>> meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to put 
>>>>> things in words you can understand:
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>
>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>
>>
>> It is expressed in PA 
> 
> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
> 
>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
> 
> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more complex.
> 
>>
>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and it is 
>>> true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out-of-scope").
>>>
>>
>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
> 
> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the language of 
> Q.  More formally, it is this:
> 
> ~∃x x=S(x)
> 
> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in terms you 
> would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
> 

OK I checked the details so I need to make my
language more precise.

Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
grounded in Q.


-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott

My 28 year goal has been to make
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
The complete structure of this system is now defined.

The entire body of knowledge expressed in language is
comprised of two types of relations between finite strings:
(a) *Axioms* Expressions of language that are stipulated to be true.

My system bridges the analytic/synthetic distinction by
expressly encoding all empirical "atomic facts" in a formal
language such as CycL of the Cyc project.

(b) *Inference Rules* Expressions of language that are semantically
entailed syntactically from (a) and/or (b).

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#347050 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromdbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 18:08 -0400
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111mt9p$lde0$9@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347049
On 6/26/2026 6:01 PM, olcott wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no 
>>>>>>>>>> meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to put 
>>>>>> things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>
>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>
>>>
>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>
>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>
>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>
>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more complex.
>>
>>>
>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and it is 
>>>> true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out-of-scope").
>>>>
>>>
>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>
>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the language of 
>> Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>
>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>
>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in terms 
>> you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>
> 
> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
> language more precise.
> 
> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
> grounded in Q.
> 
> 

In your own words, what does it mean for a statement to be "semantically 
grounded" in a formal system?

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#347051 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 17:58 -0500
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111n070$spqj$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347050
On 6/26/2026 5:08 PM, dbush wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 6:01 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no 
>>>>>>>>>>> meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to 
>>>>>>> put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>
>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>>
>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>
>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>
>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more 
>>> complex.
>>>
>>>>
>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and it 
>>>>> is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out-of- 
>>>>> scope").
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>
>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the language 
>>> of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>
>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>
>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in terms 
>>> you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>>
>>
>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>> language more precise.
>>
>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>> grounded in Q.
>>
>>
> 
> In your own words, what does it mean for a statement to be "semantically 
> grounded" in a formal system?
> 
> 

I always do back-chained inference because the typical
math way of doing forward chained inference may take
an infeasibly long time. A finite set of back-chained
inference steps from x to the axioms of Q.

I appreciate that you stopped playing head games.

-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott

My 28 year goal has been to make
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
The complete structure of this system is now defined.

The entire body of knowledge expressed in language is
comprised of two types of relations between finite strings:
(a) *Axioms* Expressions of language that are stipulated to be true.

My system bridges the analytic/synthetic distinction by
expressly encoding all empirical "atomic facts" in a formal
language such as CycL of the Cyc project.

(b) *Inference Rules* Expressions of language that are semantically
entailed syntactically from (a) and/or (b).

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#347052 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromdbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 19:18 -0400
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111n1ch$lde0$10@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347051
On 6/26/2026 6:58 PM, olcott wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 5:08 PM, dbush wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 6:01 PM, olcott wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no 
>>>>>>>>>>>> meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to 
>>>>>>>> put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>>>
>>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>>
>>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>>
>>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more 
>>>> complex.
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and it 
>>>>>> is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out-of- 
>>>>>> scope").
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>>
>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the language 
>>>> of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>>
>>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>>
>>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in terms 
>>>> you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>>>
>>>
>>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>>> language more precise.
>>>
>>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>>> grounded in Q.
>>>
>>>
>>
>> In your own words, what does it mean for a statement to be 
>> "semantically grounded" in a formal system?
>>
>>
> 
> I always do back-chained inference because the typical
> math way of doing forward chained inference may take
> an infeasibly long time. A finite set of back-chained
> inference steps from x to the axioms of Q.

Back or forward chained doesn't matter, it's essentially the same steps 
in a different direction.  But in any case, you're saying "semantically 
grounded" is just another synonym for unprovable.

So to again put things in a way you'll understand, Godel proved that any 
axiom system of arithmetic contains statements that are not semantically 
grounded.

That also means that, using your terminology, it has been proven that 
the statement ~∃x x=S(x), i.e. "No number is equal to its successor", is 
not semantically grounded in Q.

So you agree with what everyone else is saying, but using different 
words to say it.

> 
> I appreciate that you stopped playing head games.
> 

I never played head games.  I just asked questions that made you realize 
you were wrong.

And you never did answer the question of whether the condition "At least 
one of the following statements is true" is satisfied in the following 
natural language statement:

--------------------------------------
At least one of the following statements is true:
- Earth is the third planet from the sun.
- There is a Walmart bag at the deepest point of the Mariana Trench.
--------------------------------------

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#347053 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 19:05 -0500
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111n459$trck$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347052
On 6/26/2026 6:18 PM, dbush wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 6:58 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 5:08 PM, dbush wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 6:01 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to 
>>>>>>>>> put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>>>>
>>>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>>>
>>>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>>>
>>>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more 
>>>>> complex.
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and it 
>>>>>>> is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out-of- 
>>>>>>> scope").
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>>>
>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the language 
>>>>> of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>>>
>>>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>>>
>>>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in 
>>>>> terms you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>>>> language more precise.
>>>>
>>>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>>>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>>>> grounded in Q.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>> In your own words, what does it mean for a statement to be 
>>> "semantically grounded" in a formal system?
>>>
>>>
>>
>> I always do back-chained inference because the typical
>> math way of doing forward chained inference may take
>> an infeasibly long time. A finite set of back-chained
>> inference steps from x to the axioms of Q.
> 
> Back or forward chained doesn't matter, it's essentially the same steps 
> in a different direction.  But in any case, you're saying "semantically 
> grounded" is just another synonym for unprovable.
> 
> So to again put things in a way you'll understand, Godel proved that any 
> axiom system of arithmetic contains statements that are not semantically 
> grounded.
> 

Not quite. G is not semantically grounded in PA
yet G is semantically grounded in metamathematics.
When an expression in PA only derives semantic
meaning in PA when grounded in PA then G has no
meaning in PA.

> That also means that, using your terminology, it has been proven that 
> the statement ~∃x x=S(x), i.e. "No number is equal to its successor", is 
> not semantically grounded in Q.
> 

Thus is meaningless in Q and out-of-scope in Q.

Colorless green ideas sleep furiously was composed
by Noam Chomsky in his 1957 book Syntactic Structures
as an example of a sentence that is grammatically
well-formed, but semantically nonsensical.


-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott

My 28 year goal has been to make
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
The complete structure of this system is now defined.

The entire body of knowledge expressed in language is
comprised of two types of relations between finite strings:
(a) *Axioms* Expressions of language that are stipulated to be true.

My system bridges the analytic/synthetic distinction by
expressly encoding all empirical "atomic facts" in a formal
language such as CycL of the Cyc project.

(b) *Inference Rules* Expressions of language that are semantically
entailed syntactically from (a) and/or (b).

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#347054 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromdbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 20:23 -0400
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111n567$u0m6$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347053
On 6/26/2026 8:05 PM, olcott wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 6:18 PM, dbush wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 6:58 PM, olcott wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 5:08 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:01 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> no meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to 
>>>>>>>>>> put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>>>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>>>>>
>>>>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more 
>>>>>> complex.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and 
>>>>>>>> it is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out- 
>>>>>>>> of- scope").
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the 
>>>>>> language of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in 
>>>>>> terms you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>>>>> language more precise.
>>>>>
>>>>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>>>>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>>>>> grounded in Q.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> In your own words, what does it mean for a statement to be 
>>>> "semantically grounded" in a formal system?
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>> I always do back-chained inference because the typical
>>> math way of doing forward chained inference may take
>>> an infeasibly long time. A finite set of back-chained
>>> inference steps from x to the axioms of Q.
>>
>> Back or forward chained doesn't matter, it's essentially the same 
>> steps in a different direction.  But in any case, you're saying 
>> "semantically grounded" is just another synonym for unprovable.
>>
>> So to again put things in a way you'll understand, Godel proved that 
>> any axiom system of arithmetic contains statements that are not 
>> semantically grounded.
>>
> 
> Not quite. G is not semantically grounded 

i.e. unprovable

> in PA
> yet G is semantically grounded 

i.e. provable

> in metamathematics.

Which is exactly what Godel proved.

> When an expression in PA only derives semantic
> meaning in PA when grounded in PA 
> then G has no
> meaning in PA.

i.e. if a statement is unprovable in PA then it's unprovable in PA.

In other words, a meaningless tautology.

> 
>> That also means that, using your terminology, it has been proven that 
>> the statement ~∃x x=S(x), i.e. "No number is equal to its successor", 
>> is not semantically grounded in Q.
>>
> 
> Thus is meaningless in Q and out-of-scope in Q.

Which means the semantically valid statement in Q "No number is equal to 
its successor" is deemed invalid by PTS, therefore PTS must be discarded 
as useless.

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#347055 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 19:48 -0500
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111n6lr$udqn$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347054
On 6/26/2026 7:23 PM, dbush wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 8:05 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 6:18 PM, dbush wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 6:58 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 5:08 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:01 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> no meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then 
>>>>>>>>>>> to put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>>>>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>>>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>>>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more 
>>>>>>> complex.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and 
>>>>>>>>> it is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, 
>>>>>>>>> "out- of- scope").
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>>>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the 
>>>>>>> language of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in 
>>>>>>> terms you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>>>>>> language more precise.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>>>>>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>>>>>> grounded in Q.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> In your own words, what does it mean for a statement to be 
>>>>> "semantically grounded" in a formal system?
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> I always do back-chained inference because the typical
>>>> math way of doing forward chained inference may take
>>>> an infeasibly long time. A finite set of back-chained
>>>> inference steps from x to the axioms of Q.
>>>
>>> Back or forward chained doesn't matter, it's essentially the same 
>>> steps in a different direction.  But in any case, you're saying 
>>> "semantically grounded" is just another synonym for unprovable.
>>>
>>> So to again put things in a way you'll understand, Godel proved that 
>>> any axiom system of arithmetic contains statements that are not 
>>> semantically grounded.
>>>
>>
>> Not quite. G is not semantically grounded 
> 
> i.e. unprovable
> 
>> in PA
>> yet G is semantically grounded 
> 
> i.e. provable
> 
>> in metamathematics.
> 
> Which is exactly what Godel proved.
> 
>> When an expression in PA only derives semantic
>> meaning in PA when grounded in PA then G has no
>> meaning in PA.
> 
> i.e. if a statement is unprovable in PA then it's unprovable in PA.
> 
> In other words, a meaningless tautology.
> 
>>
>>> That also means that, using your terminology, it has been proven that 
>>> the statement ~∃x x=S(x), i.e. "No number is equal to its successor", 
>>> is not semantically grounded in Q.
>>>
>>
>> Thus is meaningless in Q and out-of-scope in Q.
> 
> Which means the semantically valid statement in Q 

does not include ~∃x x=S(x) because to be semantically valid
in Q it must connect to the axioms of Q through inference
steps in Q.

The entire body of knowledge expressed in language is
anchored stipulated relations between finite strings.

A proof of a finite string in a system L merely involves
verifying relations between finite strings reach the
axioms of L through inference in finite steps.

cats are animals          // axiom
animals are living things // axiom
∴ cats are living things

If we try this in Chinese using a formal
system in English this is the same as
~∃x x=S(x) in Q versus ~∃x x=S(x) in PA


-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott

My 28 year goal has been to make
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
The complete structure of this system is now defined.

The entire body of knowledge expressed in language is
comprised of two types of relations between finite strings:
(a) *Axioms* Expressions of language that are stipulated to be true.

My system bridges the analytic/synthetic distinction by
expressly encoding all empirical "atomic facts" in a formal
language such as CycL of the Cyc project.

(b) *Inference Rules* Expressions of language that are semantically
entailed syntactically from (a) and/or (b).

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#347056 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromdbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 21:11 -0400
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111n80h$u0m6$2@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347055
On 6/26/2026 8:48 PM, olcott wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 7:23 PM, dbush wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 8:05 PM, olcott wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 6:18 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:58 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 5:08 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:01 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> no meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then 
>>>>>>>>>>>> to put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>>>>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>>>>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more 
>>>>>>>> complex.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and 
>>>>>>>>>> it is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, 
>>>>>>>>>> "out- of- scope").
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>>>>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the 
>>>>>>>> language of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in 
>>>>>>>> terms you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>>>>>>> language more precise.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>>>>>>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>>>>>>> grounded in Q.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> In your own words, what does it mean for a statement to be 
>>>>>> "semantically grounded" in a formal system?
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> I always do back-chained inference because the typical
>>>>> math way of doing forward chained inference may take
>>>>> an infeasibly long time. A finite set of back-chained
>>>>> inference steps from x to the axioms of Q.
>>>>
>>>> Back or forward chained doesn't matter, it's essentially the same 
>>>> steps in a different direction.  But in any case, you're saying 
>>>> "semantically grounded" is just another synonym for unprovable.
>>>>
>>>> So to again put things in a way you'll understand, Godel proved that 
>>>> any axiom system of arithmetic contains statements that are not 
>>>> semantically grounded.
>>>>
>>>
>>> Not quite. G is not semantically grounded 
>>
>> i.e. unprovable
>>
>>> in PA
>>> yet G is semantically grounded 
>>
>> i.e. provable
>>
>>> in metamathematics.
>>
>> Which is exactly what Godel proved.

Your lack of response indicates that you agree with Godel, but used 
different words to do so.

>>
>>> When an expression in PA only derives semantic
>>> meaning in PA when grounded in PA then G has no
>>> meaning in PA.
>>
>> i.e. if a statement is unprovable in PA then it's unprovable in PA.
>>
>> In other words, a meaningless tautology.
>>
>>>
>>>> That also means that, using your terminology, it has been proven 
>>>> that the statement ~∃x x=S(x), i.e. "No number is equal to its 
>>>> successor", is not semantically grounded in Q.
>>>>
>>>
>>> Thus is meaningless in Q and out-of-scope in Q.
>>
>> Which means the semantically valid statement in Q 
> 
> does not include ~∃x x=S(x) 

False, as it means "no number is equal to its successor", and the 
concept of a successor and equality have semantic meaning in Q, as does 
the concept of "all", "none", and "exists".

That makes the statement semantically valid, so any alternate system 
that concludes otherwise is necessarily faulty.

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#347057 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 20:39 -0500
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111n9jn$v2ar$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347056
On 6/26/2026 8:11 PM, dbush wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 8:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 7:23 PM, dbush wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 8:05 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:18 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:58 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 5:08 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:01 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> has no meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> to put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in 
>>>>>>>>>>>> PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>>>>>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>>>>>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much 
>>>>>>>>> more complex.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, 
>>>>>>>>>>> and it is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call 
>>>>>>>>>>> it, "out- of- scope").
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>>>>>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the 
>>>>>>>>> language of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in 
>>>>>>>>> terms you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>>>>>>>> language more precise.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>>>>>>>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>>>>>>>> grounded in Q.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> In your own words, what does it mean for a statement to be 
>>>>>>> "semantically grounded" in a formal system?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I always do back-chained inference because the typical
>>>>>> math way of doing forward chained inference may take
>>>>>> an infeasibly long time. A finite set of back-chained
>>>>>> inference steps from x to the axioms of Q.
>>>>>
>>>>> Back or forward chained doesn't matter, it's essentially the same 
>>>>> steps in a different direction.  But in any case, you're saying 
>>>>> "semantically grounded" is just another synonym for unprovable.
>>>>>
>>>>> So to again put things in a way you'll understand, Godel proved 
>>>>> that any axiom system of arithmetic contains statements that are 
>>>>> not semantically grounded.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Not quite. G is not semantically grounded 
>>>
>>> i.e. unprovable
>>>
>>>> in PA
>>>> yet G is semantically grounded 
>>>
>>> i.e. provable
>>>
>>>> in metamathematics.
>>>
>>> Which is exactly what Godel proved.
> 
> Your lack of response indicates that you agree with Godel, but used 
> different words to do so.
> 
>>>
>>>> When an expression in PA only derives semantic
>>>> meaning in PA when grounded in PA then G has no
>>>> meaning in PA.
>>>
>>> i.e. if a statement is unprovable in PA then it's unprovable in PA.
>>>
>>> In other words, a meaningless tautology.
>>>
>>>>
>>>>> That also means that, using your terminology, it has been proven 
>>>>> that the statement ~∃x x=S(x), i.e. "No number is equal to its 
>>>>> successor", is not semantically grounded in Q.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Thus is meaningless in Q and out-of-scope in Q.
>>>
>>> Which means the semantically valid statement in Q 
>>
>> does not include ~∃x x=S(x) 
> 
> False, as it means "no number is equal to its successor", and the 
> concept of a successor and equality have semantic meaning in Q, as does 
> the concept of "all", "none", and "exists".
> 

If there is no sequence of inference steps in Q from
~∃x x=S(x) to the axioms of Q then ~∃x x=S(x) is
ungrounded in the PTS atomic base of Q.

PTS implements the generic model that knowledge expressed
in language merely connects ideas to their definitions.
A PTS proof verifies that connection, else failure means
undefined.

> That makes the statement semantically valid, so any alternate system 
> that concludes otherwise is necessarily faulty.
> 


-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott

My 28 year goal has been to make
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
The complete structure of this system is now defined.

The entire body of knowledge expressed in language is
comprised of two types of relations between finite strings:
(a) *Axioms* Expressions of language that are stipulated to be true.

My system bridges the analytic/synthetic distinction by
expressly encoding all empirical "atomic facts" in a formal
language such as CycL of the Cyc project.

(b) *Inference Rules* Expressions of language that are semantically
entailed syntactically from (a) and/or (b).

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#347058 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromdbush <dbush.mobile@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 21:51 -0400
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111naal$u0m6$3@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347057
On 6/26/2026 9:39 PM, olcott wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 8:11 PM, dbush wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 8:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 7:23 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 8:05 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:18 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:58 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 5:08 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:01 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> has no meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Then to put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>>>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>>>>>>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>>>>>>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much 
>>>>>>>>>> more complex.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, 
>>>>>>>>>>>> and it is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call 
>>>>>>>>>>>> it, "out- of- scope").
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>>>>>>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the 
>>>>>>>>>> language of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in 
>>>>>>>>>> terms you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>>>>>>>>> language more precise.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>>>>>>>>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>>>>>>>>> grounded in Q.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> In your own words, what does it mean for a statement to be 
>>>>>>>> "semantically grounded" in a formal system?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I always do back-chained inference because the typical
>>>>>>> math way of doing forward chained inference may take
>>>>>>> an infeasibly long time. A finite set of back-chained
>>>>>>> inference steps from x to the axioms of Q.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Back or forward chained doesn't matter, it's essentially the same 
>>>>>> steps in a different direction.  But in any case, you're saying 
>>>>>> "semantically grounded" is just another synonym for unprovable.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> So to again put things in a way you'll understand, Godel proved 
>>>>>> that any axiom system of arithmetic contains statements that are 
>>>>>> not semantically grounded.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Not quite. G is not semantically grounded 
>>>>
>>>> i.e. unprovable
>>>>
>>>>> in PA
>>>>> yet G is semantically grounded 
>>>>
>>>> i.e. provable
>>>>
>>>>> in metamathematics.
>>>>
>>>> Which is exactly what Godel proved.
>>
>> Your lack of response indicates that you agree with Godel, but used 
>> different words to do so.
>>
>>>>
>>>>> When an expression in PA only derives semantic
>>>>> meaning in PA when grounded in PA then G has no
>>>>> meaning in PA.
>>>>
>>>> i.e. if a statement is unprovable in PA then it's unprovable in PA.
>>>>
>>>> In other words, a meaningless tautology.
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> That also means that, using your terminology, it has been proven 
>>>>>> that the statement ~∃x x=S(x), i.e. "No number is equal to its 
>>>>>> successor", is not semantically grounded in Q.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Thus is meaningless in Q and out-of-scope in Q.
>>>>
>>>> Which means the semantically valid statement in Q 
>>>
>>> does not include ~∃x x=S(x) 
>>
>> False, as it means "no number is equal to its successor", and the 
>> concept of a successor and equality have semantic meaning in Q, as 
>> does the concept of "all", "none", and "exists".
>>
> 
> If there is no sequence of inference steps in Q from
> ~∃x x=S(x) to the axioms of Q then ~∃x x=S(x) is
> ungrounded in the PTS atomic base of Q.

In other words, ~∃x x=S(x) is unprovable in Q, as is commonly known.

So once again, you agree with everyone else, but are using different 
words to say so.

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#347059 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Fromolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-26 21:00 -0500
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111nard$vb4e$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347058
On 6/26/2026 8:51 PM, dbush wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 9:39 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 8:11 PM, dbush wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 8:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 7:23 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 8:05 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:18 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:58 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 5:08 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:01 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> has no meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Then to put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>>>>>>>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>>>>>>>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much 
>>>>>>>>>>> more complex.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> and it is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> it, "out- of- scope").
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>>>>>>>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the 
>>>>>>>>>>> language of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, 
>>>>>>>>>>> in terms you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of 
>>>>>>>>>>> Q).
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>>>>>>>>>> language more precise.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>>>>>>>>>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>>>>>>>>>> grounded in Q.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> In your own words, what does it mean for a statement to be 
>>>>>>>>> "semantically grounded" in a formal system?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I always do back-chained inference because the typical
>>>>>>>> math way of doing forward chained inference may take
>>>>>>>> an infeasibly long time. A finite set of back-chained
>>>>>>>> inference steps from x to the axioms of Q.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Back or forward chained doesn't matter, it's essentially the same 
>>>>>>> steps in a different direction.  But in any case, you're saying 
>>>>>>> "semantically grounded" is just another synonym for unprovable.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> So to again put things in a way you'll understand, Godel proved 
>>>>>>> that any axiom system of arithmetic contains statements that are 
>>>>>>> not semantically grounded.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Not quite. G is not semantically grounded 
>>>>>
>>>>> i.e. unprovable
>>>>>
>>>>>> in PA
>>>>>> yet G is semantically grounded 
>>>>>
>>>>> i.e. provable
>>>>>
>>>>>> in metamathematics.
>>>>>
>>>>> Which is exactly what Godel proved.
>>>
>>> Your lack of response indicates that you agree with Godel, but used 
>>> different words to do so.
>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> When an expression in PA only derives semantic
>>>>>> meaning in PA when grounded in PA then G has no
>>>>>> meaning in PA.
>>>>>
>>>>> i.e. if a statement is unprovable in PA then it's unprovable in PA.
>>>>>
>>>>> In other words, a meaningless tautology.
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> That also means that, using your terminology, it has been proven 
>>>>>>> that the statement ~∃x x=S(x), i.e. "No number is equal to its 
>>>>>>> successor", is not semantically grounded in Q.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thus is meaningless in Q and out-of-scope in Q.
>>>>>
>>>>> Which means the semantically valid statement in Q 
>>>>
>>>> does not include ~∃x x=S(x) 
>>>
>>> False, as it means "no number is equal to its successor", and the 
>>> concept of a successor and equality have semantic meaning in Q, as 
>>> does the concept of "all", "none", and "exists".
>>>
>>
>> If there is no sequence of inference steps in Q from
>> ~∃x x=S(x) to the axioms of Q then ~∃x x=S(x) is
>> ungrounded in the PTS atomic base of Q.
> 
> In other words, ~∃x x=S(x) is unprovable in Q, as is commonly known.
> 
> So once again, you agree with everyone else, but are using different 
> words to say so.
> 

The big change is that undecidability is construed
ether as semantic incoherence or as in the truth
value of the Goldbach conjecture currently unknown.

This is the best example that can possibly exist
of proof theoretic semantics incoherent semantics.

% This sentence is not true.
?- LP = not(true(LP)).
LP = not(true(LP)).
?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
false.



-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott

My 28 year goal has been to make
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
The complete structure of this system is now defined.

The entire body of knowledge expressed in language is
comprised of two types of relations between finite strings:
(a) *Axioms* Expressions of language that are stipulated to be true.

My system bridges the analytic/synthetic distinction by
expressly encoding all empirical "atomic facts" in a formal
language such as CycL of the Cyc project.

(b) *Inference Rules* Expressions of language that are semantically
entailed syntactically from (a) and/or (b).

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#347073 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Frompolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-27 08:34 -0500
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111ojgg$sfoa$2@solani.org>
In reply to#347058
On 6/26/2026 8:51 PM, dbush wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 9:39 PM, olcott wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 8:11 PM, dbush wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 8:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 7:23 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 8:05 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:18 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:58 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 5:08 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 6:01 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> has no meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable. 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Then to put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>>>>>>>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>>>>>>>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much 
>>>>>>>>>>> more complex.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> and it is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call 
>>>>>>>>>>>>> it, "out- of- scope").
>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>>>>>>>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the 
>>>>>>>>>>> language of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, 
>>>>>>>>>>> in terms you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of 
>>>>>>>>>>> Q).
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>>>>>>>>>> language more precise.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>>>>>>>>>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>>>>>>>>>> grounded in Q.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> In your own words, what does it mean for a statement to be 
>>>>>>>>> "semantically grounded" in a formal system?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I always do back-chained inference because the typical
>>>>>>>> math way of doing forward chained inference may take
>>>>>>>> an infeasibly long time. A finite set of back-chained
>>>>>>>> inference steps from x to the axioms of Q.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Back or forward chained doesn't matter, it's essentially the same 
>>>>>>> steps in a different direction.  But in any case, you're saying 
>>>>>>> "semantically grounded" is just another synonym for unprovable.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> So to again put things in a way you'll understand, Godel proved 
>>>>>>> that any axiom system of arithmetic contains statements that are 
>>>>>>> not semantically grounded.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Not quite. G is not semantically grounded 
>>>>>
>>>>> i.e. unprovable
>>>>>
>>>>>> in PA
>>>>>> yet G is semantically grounded 
>>>>>
>>>>> i.e. provable
>>>>>
>>>>>> in metamathematics.
>>>>>
>>>>> Which is exactly what Godel proved.
>>>
>>> Your lack of response indicates that you agree with Godel, but used 
>>> different words to do so.
>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> When an expression in PA only derives semantic
>>>>>> meaning in PA when grounded in PA then G has no
>>>>>> meaning in PA.
>>>>>
>>>>> i.e. if a statement is unprovable in PA then it's unprovable in PA.
>>>>>
>>>>> In other words, a meaningless tautology.
>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> That also means that, using your terminology, it has been proven 
>>>>>>> that the statement ~∃x x=S(x), i.e. "No number is equal to its 
>>>>>>> successor", is not semantically grounded in Q.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thus is meaningless in Q and out-of-scope in Q.
>>>>>
>>>>> Which means the semantically valid statement in Q 
>>>>
>>>> does not include ~∃x x=S(x) 
>>>
>>> False, as it means "no number is equal to its successor", and the 
>>> concept of a successor and equality have semantic meaning in Q, as 
>>> does the concept of "all", "none", and "exists".
>>>
>>
>> If there is no sequence of inference steps in Q from
>> ~∃x x=S(x) to the axioms of Q then ~∃x x=S(x) is
>> ungrounded in the PTS atomic base of Q.
> 
> In other words, ~∃x x=S(x) is unprovable in Q, as is commonly known.
> 
> So once again, you agree with everyone else, but are using different 
> words to say so.
> 

Your move to ~∃x x=S(x) and Q was brilliant. It is the
exact same situation as G and PA yet a much simpler
example with none of the emotional baggage of Gödel.

-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott

My 28 year goal has been to make
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
The complete structure of this system is now defined.

The entire body of knowledge expressed in language is
comprised of two types of relations between finite strings:
(a) *Axioms* Expressions of language that are stipulated to be true.

My system bridges the analytic/synthetic distinction by
expressly encoding all empirical "atomic facts" in a formal
language such as CycL of the Cyc project.

(b) *Inference Rules* Expressions of language that are semantically
entailed syntactically from (a) and/or (b).

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#347071 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

FromMikko <mikko.levanto@iki.fi>
Date2026-06-27 11:05 +0300
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111o07k$149pv$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#347049
On 27/06/2026 01:01, olcott wrote:
> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no 
>>>>>>>>>> meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to put 
>>>>>> things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>
>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>
>>>
>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>
>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>
>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>
>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more complex.
>>
>>>
>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and it is 
>>>> true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out-of-scope").
>>>>
>>>
>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>
>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the language of 
>> Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>
>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>
>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in terms 
>> you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>
> 
> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
> language more precise.
> 
> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
> grounded in Q.

Nevertheless a sentence like ~∃x x=S(x) is in the language of Q and
that way in the theory.

-- 
Mikko

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#347085 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

Frompolcott <polcott333@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-27 10:47 -0500
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<111orae$1kcvi$3@solani.org>
In reply to#347071
On 6/27/2026 3:05 AM, Mikko wrote:
> On 27/06/2026 01:01, olcott wrote:
>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no 
>>>>>>>>>>> meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to 
>>>>>>> put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>
>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> It is expressed in PA 
>>>
>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>
>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>
>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more 
>>> complex.
>>>
>>>>
>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and it 
>>>>> is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out-of- 
>>>>> scope").
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>
>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the language 
>>> of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>
>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>
>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in terms 
>>> you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>>
>>
>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>> language more precise.
>>
>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>> grounded in Q.
> 
> Nevertheless a sentence like ~∃x x=S(x) is in the language of Q and
> that way in the theory.
> 


Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
was composed by Noam Chomsky in his 1957 book
Syntactic Structures as an example of a sentence
that is grammatically well-formed, but semantically
nonsensical.

Proving that syntax is not enough.

-- 
Copyright 2026 Olcott

My 28 year goal has been to make
"true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
The complete structure of this system is now defined.

The entire body of knowledge expressed in language is
comprised of two types of relations between finite strings:
(a) *Axioms* Expressions of language that are stipulated to be true.

My system bridges the analytic/synthetic distinction by
expressly encoding all empirical "atomic facts" in a formal
language such as CycL of the Cyc project.

(b) *Inference Rules* Expressions of language that are semantically
entailed syntactically from (a) and/or (b).

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#347127 — Re: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge

FromRoss Finlayson <ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com>
Date2026-06-27 15:37 -0700
SubjectRe: Readings in (some of the) foundations of mathematics --- tree of knowledge
Message-ID<PWqdnbW7otUlzd33nZ2dnZfqn_idnZ2d@giganews.com>
In reply to#347085
On 06/27/2026 08:47 AM, polcott wrote:
> On 6/27/2026 3:05 AM, Mikko wrote:
>> On 27/06/2026 01:01, olcott wrote:
>>> On 6/26/2026 2:55 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:38 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:17 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 3:07 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:51 PM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 2:48 PM, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 1:14 PM, André G. Isaak wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> On 2026-06-26 11:22, olcott wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> On 6/26/2026 11:08 AM, dbush wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>> By your logic, "no number is equal to its successor" has no
>>>>>>>>>>>> meaning in Robinson arithmetic.
>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>> In Robinson Arithmetic (often denoted as Q),
>>>>>>>>>>> the statement "no number is equal to its
>>>>>>>>>>> successor" is not provable.While this statement
>>>>>>>>>>> is true for the standard natural numbers, Robinson
>>>>>>>>>>> Arithmetic is too weak to prove it universally
>>>>>>>>>>> (∀ x, S(x) ≠ x).
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> It's not provable but it certainly has meaning.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> André
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> out-of-scope for Q is more accurate as jargon free.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> PTS does hold the view that meaning is only derived
>>>>>>>>> through inference steps. This simple sentence seems
>>>>>>>>> impossibly too difficult for anyone fully indoctrinated
>>>>>>>>> with alternative views. So I will simply say out-of-scope.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> So "out-of-scope" is merely a synonym for unprovable.  Then to
>>>>>>>> put things in words you can understand:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> "I am driving to Walmart to buy a carton of
>>>>>>>   Breyer's natural vanilla ice cream." is also unprovable in PA.
>>>>>>> In both cases the semantics in not represented in PA.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Not applicable, as that is not a sentence in PA.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> It is expressed in PA
>>>>
>>>> False.  The above is not a sentence of PA.
>>>>
>>>>> to the same degree that G is expressed
>>>>> in PA has a huge natural number. The semantics of it and
>>>>> the semantics of G are neither expressible in PA.
>>>>
>>>> False.  G is simply a sentence like ~∃x x>10 v x<5 but much more
>>>> complex.
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in RA, and it
>>>>>> is true but unprovable in RA (or as your would call it, "out-of-
>>>>>> scope").
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> If its semantics is not expressible in Q (What RA is called)
>>>>> then it is not actually expressible in Q.
>>>>
>>>> "No number is equal to its successor" is a sentence in the language
>>>> of Q.  More formally, it is this:
>>>>
>>>> ~∃x x=S(x)
>>>>
>>>> And this sentence is not provable from the axioms of Q (or, in terms
>>>> you would understand, the above is "out-of-scope" of Q).
>>>>
>>>
>>> OK I checked the details so I need to make my
>>> language more precise.
>>>
>>> Within proof theoretic semantics any expression
>>> that cannot be proven in Q is not semantically
>>> grounded in Q.
>>
>> Nevertheless a sentence like ~∃x x=S(x) is in the language of Q and
>> that way in the theory.
>>
>
>
> Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
> was composed by Noam Chomsky in his 1957 book
> Syntactic Structures as an example of a sentence
> that is grammatically well-formed, but semantically
> nonsensical.
>
> Proving that syntax is not enough.
>

"Colorless green" is actually two colors
since there's a dual-tristimulus colorspace
the chromatic and the prismatic,
a fact of the science of the theory of light and color,
of which you are ignorant, then making for a reasonable
reading of the usual apocryphal comment.

Then, ideas can sleep however they want.

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