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[PATCH v2 3/4] iommu/iova: Extend rbtree node caching

Started byRobin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
First post2017-07-21 13:50 +0200
Last post2017-08-03 21:50 +0200
Articles 4 — 2 participants

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  [PATCH v2 3/4] iommu/iova: Extend rbtree node caching Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> - 2017-07-21 13:50 +0200
    Re: [PATCH v2 3/4] iommu/iova: Extend rbtree node caching Nate Watterson <nwatters@codeaurora.org> - 2017-07-29 06:00 +0200
      Re: [PATCH v2 3/4] iommu/iova: Extend rbtree node caching Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com> - 2017-07-31 13:50 +0200
        Re: [PATCH v2 3/4] iommu/iova: Extend rbtree node caching Nate Watterson <nwatters@codeaurora.org> - 2017-08-03 21:50 +0200

#1693642 — [PATCH v2 3/4] iommu/iova: Extend rbtree node caching

FromRobin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Date2017-07-21 13:50 +0200
Subject[PATCH v2 3/4] iommu/iova: Extend rbtree node caching
Message-ID<u5EBr-4jK-7@gated-at.bofh.it>
The cached node mechanism provides a significant performance benefit for
allocations using a 32-bit DMA mask, but in the case of non-PCI devices
or where the 32-bit space is full, the loss of this benefit can be
significant - on large systems there can be many thousands of entries in
the tree, such that traversing to the end then walking all the way down
to find free space every time becomes increasingly awful.

Maintain a similar cached node for the whole IOVA space as a superset of
the 32-bit space so that performance can remain much more consistent.

Inspired by work by Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>.

Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
---

v2: No change

 drivers/iommu/iova.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 include/linux/iova.h |  3 ++-
 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/iommu/iova.c b/drivers/iommu/iova.c
index d094d1ca8f23..f5809a2ee6c2 100644
--- a/drivers/iommu/iova.c
+++ b/drivers/iommu/iova.c
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ init_iova_domain(struct iova_domain *iovad, unsigned long granule,
 
 	spin_lock_init(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock);
 	iovad->rbroot = RB_ROOT;
+	iovad->cached_node = NULL;
 	iovad->cached32_node = NULL;
 	iovad->granule = granule;
 	iovad->start_pfn = start_pfn;
@@ -57,48 +58,46 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_iova_domain);
 static struct rb_node *
 __get_cached_rbnode(struct iova_domain *iovad, unsigned long *limit_pfn)
 {
-	if ((*limit_pfn > iovad->dma_32bit_pfn) ||
-		(iovad->cached32_node == NULL))
+	struct rb_node *cached_node = NULL;
+	struct iova *curr_iova;
+
+	if (*limit_pfn <= iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
+		cached_node = iovad->cached32_node;
+	if (!cached_node)
+		cached_node = iovad->cached_node;
+	if (!cached_node)
 		return rb_last(&iovad->rbroot);
-	else {
-		struct rb_node *prev_node = rb_prev(iovad->cached32_node);
-		struct iova *curr_iova =
-			rb_entry(iovad->cached32_node, struct iova, node);
-		*limit_pfn = curr_iova->pfn_lo;
-		return prev_node;
-	}
+
+	curr_iova = rb_entry(cached_node, struct iova, node);
+	*limit_pfn = curr_iova->pfn_lo;
+
+	return rb_prev(cached_node);
 }
 
 static void
-__cached_rbnode_insert_update(struct iova_domain *iovad,
-	unsigned long limit_pfn, struct iova *new)
+__cached_rbnode_insert_update(struct iova_domain *iovad, struct iova *new)
 {
-	if (limit_pfn != iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
-		return;
-	iovad->cached32_node = &new->node;
+	if (new->pfn_lo > iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
+		iovad->cached_node = &new->node;
+	else
+		iovad->cached32_node = &new->node;
 }
 
 static void
 __cached_rbnode_delete_update(struct iova_domain *iovad, struct iova *free)
 {
 	struct iova *cached_iova;
-	struct rb_node *curr;
+	struct rb_node **curr = NULL;
 
-	if (!iovad->cached32_node)
-		return;
-	curr = iovad->cached32_node;
-	cached_iova = rb_entry(curr, struct iova, node);
+	if (free->pfn_hi < iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
+		curr = &iovad->cached32_node;
+	if (!curr)
+		curr = &iovad->cached_node;
 
-	if (free->pfn_lo >= cached_iova->pfn_lo) {
-		struct rb_node *node = rb_next(&free->node);
-		struct iova *iova = rb_entry(node, struct iova, node);
+	cached_iova = rb_entry(*curr, struct iova, node);
 
-		/* only cache if it's below 32bit pfn */
-		if (node && iova->pfn_lo < iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
-			iovad->cached32_node = node;
-		else
-			iovad->cached32_node = NULL;
-	}
+	if (free->pfn_lo >= cached_iova->pfn_lo)
+		*curr = rb_next(&free->node);
 }
 
 /* Insert the iova into domain rbtree by holding writer lock */
@@ -135,7 +134,6 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct iova_domain *iovad,
 {
 	struct rb_node *prev, *curr = NULL;
 	unsigned long flags;
-	unsigned long saved_pfn;
 	unsigned long align_mask = ~0UL;
 
 	if (size_aligned)
@@ -143,7 +141,6 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct iova_domain *iovad,
 
 	/* Walk the tree backwards */
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock, flags);
-	saved_pfn = limit_pfn;
 	curr = __get_cached_rbnode(iovad, &limit_pfn);
 	prev = curr;
 	while (curr) {
@@ -173,7 +170,7 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct iova_domain *iovad,
 
 	/* If we have 'prev', it's a valid place to start the insertion. */
 	iova_insert_rbtree(&iovad->rbroot, new, prev);
-	__cached_rbnode_insert_update(iovad, saved_pfn, new);
+	__cached_rbnode_insert_update(iovad, new);
 
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock, flags);
 
diff --git a/include/linux/iova.h b/include/linux/iova.h
index e0a892ae45c0..0bb8df43b393 100644
--- a/include/linux/iova.h
+++ b/include/linux/iova.h
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ struct iova_rcache {
 struct iova_domain {
 	spinlock_t	iova_rbtree_lock; /* Lock to protect update of rbtree */
 	struct rb_root	rbroot;		/* iova domain rbtree root */
-	struct rb_node	*cached32_node; /* Save last alloced node */
+	struct rb_node	*cached_node;	/* Save last alloced node */
+	struct rb_node	*cached32_node; /* Save last 32-bit alloced node */
 	unsigned long	granule;	/* pfn granularity for this domain */
 	unsigned long	start_pfn;	/* Lower limit for this domain */
 	unsigned long	dma_32bit_pfn;
-- 
2.12.2.dirty

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#1699212

FromNate Watterson <nwatters@codeaurora.org>
Date2017-07-29 06:00 +0200
Message-ID<u8r4Z-4Yt-1@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1693642
Hi Robin,
I am seeing a crash when performing very basic testing on this series
with a Mellanox CX4 NIC. I dug into the crash a bit, and think this
patch is the culprit, but this rcache business is still mostly
witchcraft to me.

# ifconfig eth5 up
# ifconfig eth5 down
     Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 00000020
     user pgtable: 64k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgd = ffff8007dbf47c00
     [0000000000000020] *pgd=00000006efab0003, *pud=00000006efab0003, *pmd=00000007d8720003, *pte=0000000000000000
     Internal error: Oops: 96000007 [#1] SMP
     Modules linked in:
     CPU: 47 PID: 5082 Comm: ifconfig Not tainted 4.13.0-rtp-enablement+ #3
     task: ffff8007da1e5780 task.stack: ffff8007ddcb8000
     PC is at __cached_rbnode_delete_update+0x2c/0x58
     LR is at private_free_iova+0x2c/0x60
     pc : [<ffff00000852c6e4>] lr : [<ffff00000852cdac>] pstate: 204001c5
     sp : ffff8007ddcbba00
     x29: ffff8007ddcbba00 x28: ffff8007c8350210
     x27: ffff8007d1a80000 x26: ffff8007dcc20800
     x25: 0000000000000140 x24: ffff8007c98f0008
     x23: 00000000fffffe4e x22: 0000000000000140
     x21: ffff8007c98f0008 x20: ffff8007c9adb240
     x19: ffff8007c98f0018 x18: 0000000000000010
     x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000
     x15: 4000000000000000 x14: 0000000000000000
     x13: 00000000ffffffff x12: 0000000000000001
     x11: dead000000000200 x10: 00000000ffffffff
     x9 : 0000000000000000 x8 : ffff8007c9adb1c0
     x7 : 0000000040002000 x6 : 0000000000210d00
     x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 000000000000c57e
     x3 : 00000000ffffffcf x2 : 00000000ffffffcf
     x1 : ffff8007c9adb240 x0 : 0000000000000000
     [...]
     [<ffff00000852c6e4>] __cached_rbnode_delete_update+0x2c/0x58
     [<ffff00000852cdac>] private_free_iova+0x2c/0x60
     [<ffff00000852cea4>] iova_magazine_free_pfns+0x4c/0xa0
     [<ffff00000852d0a8>] free_iova_fast+0x1b0/0x230
     [<ffff000008529d34>] iommu_dma_free_iova+0x5c/0x80
     [<ffff000008529db4>] __iommu_dma_unmap+0x5c/0x98
     [<ffff00000852aebc>] iommu_dma_unmap_resource+0x24/0x30
     [<ffff00000852aed4>] iommu_dma_unmap_page+0xc/0x18
     [<ffff000008093030>] __iommu_unmap_page+0x40/0x60
     [<ffff0000087401bc>] mlx5e_page_release+0xbc/0x128
     [<ffff000008740498>] mlx5e_dealloc_rx_wqe+0x30/0x40
     [<ffff000008735ef0>] mlx5e_close_channel+0x70/0x1f8
     [<ffff0000087370f4>] mlx5e_close_channels+0x2c/0x50
     [<ffff0000087385dc>] mlx5e_close_locked+0x54/0x68
     [<ffff000008738620>] mlx5e_close+0x30/0x58
     [...]

** Disassembly for __cached_rbnode_delete_update() near the fault **
               92|if (free->pfn_hi < iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
FFFF00000852C6C4|            ldr     x3,[x1,#0x18]    ; x3,[free,#24]
FFFF00000852C6C8|            ldr     x2,[x0,#0x30]    ; x2,[iovad,#48]
FFFF00000852C6CC|            cmp     x3,x2
FFFF00000852C6D0|            b.cs    0xFFFF00000852C708
                 |        curr = &iovad->cached32_node;
               94|if (!curr)
FFFF00000852C6D4|            adds    x19,x0,#0x18     ; x19,iovad,#24
FFFF00000852C6D8|            b.eq    0xFFFF00000852C708
                 |
                 |cached_iova = rb_entry(*curr, struct iova, node);
                 |
               99|if (free->pfn_lo >= cached_iova->pfn_lo)
FFFF00000852C6DC|            ldr     x0,[x19]         ; xiovad,[curr]
FFFF00000852C6E0|            ldr     x2,[x1,#0x20]    ; x2,[free,#32]
FFFF00000852C6E4|            ldr     x0,[x0,#0x20]    ; x0,[x0,#32]
Apparently cached_iova was NULL so the pfn_lo access faulted.

FFFF00000852C6E8|            cmp     x2,x0
FFFF00000852C6EC|            b.cc    0xFFFF00000852C6FC
FFFF00000852C6F0|            mov     x0,x1            ; x0,free
              100|        *curr = rb_next(&free->node);
After instrumenting the code a bit, this seems to be the culprit. In the
previous call, free->pfn_lo was 0xFFFF_FFFF which is actually the
dma_limit for the domain so rb_next() returns NULL.

Let me know if you have any questions or would like additional tests
run. I also applied your "DMA domain debug info" patches and dumped the
contents of the domain at each of the steps above in case that would be
useful. If nothing else, they reinforce how thirsty the CX4 NIC is
especially when using 64k pages and many CPUs.

-Nate

On 7/21/2017 7:42 AM, Robin Murphy wrote:
> The cached node mechanism provides a significant performance benefit for
> allocations using a 32-bit DMA mask, but in the case of non-PCI devices
> or where the 32-bit space is full, the loss of this benefit can be
> significant - on large systems there can be many thousands of entries in
> the tree, such that traversing to the end then walking all the way down
> to find free space every time becomes increasingly awful.
> 
> Maintain a similar cached node for the whole IOVA space as a superset of
> the 32-bit space so that performance can remain much more consistent.
> 
> Inspired by work by Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>.
> 
> Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
> Tested-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
> Signed-off-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
> ---
> 
> v2: No change
> 
>   drivers/iommu/iova.c | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
>   include/linux/iova.h |  3 ++-
>   2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/iommu/iova.c b/drivers/iommu/iova.c
> index d094d1ca8f23..f5809a2ee6c2 100644
> --- a/drivers/iommu/iova.c
> +++ b/drivers/iommu/iova.c
> @@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ init_iova_domain(struct iova_domain *iovad, unsigned long granule,
>   
>   	spin_lock_init(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock);
>   	iovad->rbroot = RB_ROOT;
> +	iovad->cached_node = NULL;
>   	iovad->cached32_node = NULL;
>   	iovad->granule = granule;
>   	iovad->start_pfn = start_pfn;
> @@ -57,48 +58,46 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_iova_domain);
>   static struct rb_node *
>   __get_cached_rbnode(struct iova_domain *iovad, unsigned long *limit_pfn)
>   {
> -	if ((*limit_pfn > iovad->dma_32bit_pfn) ||
> -		(iovad->cached32_node == NULL))
> +	struct rb_node *cached_node = NULL;
> +	struct iova *curr_iova;
> +
> +	if (*limit_pfn <= iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
> +		cached_node = iovad->cached32_node;
> +	if (!cached_node)
> +		cached_node = iovad->cached_node;
> +	if (!cached_node)
>   		return rb_last(&iovad->rbroot);
> -	else {
> -		struct rb_node *prev_node = rb_prev(iovad->cached32_node);
> -		struct iova *curr_iova =
> -			rb_entry(iovad->cached32_node, struct iova, node);
> -		*limit_pfn = curr_iova->pfn_lo;
> -		return prev_node;
> -	}
> +
> +	curr_iova = rb_entry(cached_node, struct iova, node);
> +	*limit_pfn = curr_iova->pfn_lo;
> +
> +	return rb_prev(cached_node);
>   }
>   
>   static void
> -__cached_rbnode_insert_update(struct iova_domain *iovad,
> -	unsigned long limit_pfn, struct iova *new)
> +__cached_rbnode_insert_update(struct iova_domain *iovad, struct iova *new)
>   {
> -	if (limit_pfn != iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
> -		return;
> -	iovad->cached32_node = &new->node;
> +	if (new->pfn_lo > iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
> +		iovad->cached_node = &new->node;
> +	else
> +		iovad->cached32_node = &new->node;
>   }
>   
>   static void
>   __cached_rbnode_delete_update(struct iova_domain *iovad, struct iova *free)
>   {
>   	struct iova *cached_iova;
> -	struct rb_node *curr;
> +	struct rb_node **curr = NULL;
>   
> -	if (!iovad->cached32_node)
> -		return;
> -	curr = iovad->cached32_node;
> -	cached_iova = rb_entry(curr, struct iova, node);
> +	if (free->pfn_hi < iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
> +		curr = &iovad->cached32_node;
> +	if (!curr)
> +		curr = &iovad->cached_node;
>   
> -	if (free->pfn_lo >= cached_iova->pfn_lo) {
> -		struct rb_node *node = rb_next(&free->node);
> -		struct iova *iova = rb_entry(node, struct iova, node);
> +	cached_iova = rb_entry(*curr, struct iova, node);
>   
> -		/* only cache if it's below 32bit pfn */
> -		if (node && iova->pfn_lo < iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
> -			iovad->cached32_node = node;
> -		else
> -			iovad->cached32_node = NULL;
> -	}
> +	if (free->pfn_lo >= cached_iova->pfn_lo)
> +		*curr = rb_next(&free->node);
>   }
>   
>   /* Insert the iova into domain rbtree by holding writer lock */
> @@ -135,7 +134,6 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct iova_domain *iovad,
>   {
>   	struct rb_node *prev, *curr = NULL;
>   	unsigned long flags;
> -	unsigned long saved_pfn;
>   	unsigned long align_mask = ~0UL;
>   
>   	if (size_aligned)
> @@ -143,7 +141,6 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct iova_domain *iovad,
>   
>   	/* Walk the tree backwards */
>   	spin_lock_irqsave(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock, flags);
> -	saved_pfn = limit_pfn;
>   	curr = __get_cached_rbnode(iovad, &limit_pfn);
>   	prev = curr;
>   	while (curr) {
> @@ -173,7 +170,7 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct iova_domain *iovad,
>   
>   	/* If we have 'prev', it's a valid place to start the insertion. */
>   	iova_insert_rbtree(&iovad->rbroot, new, prev);
> -	__cached_rbnode_insert_update(iovad, saved_pfn, new);
> +	__cached_rbnode_insert_update(iovad, new);
>   
>   	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock, flags);
>   
> diff --git a/include/linux/iova.h b/include/linux/iova.h
> index e0a892ae45c0..0bb8df43b393 100644
> --- a/include/linux/iova.h
> +++ b/include/linux/iova.h
> @@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ struct iova_rcache {
>   struct iova_domain {
>   	spinlock_t	iova_rbtree_lock; /* Lock to protect update of rbtree */
>   	struct rb_root	rbroot;		/* iova domain rbtree root */
> -	struct rb_node	*cached32_node; /* Save last alloced node */
> +	struct rb_node	*cached_node;	/* Save last alloced node */
> +	struct rb_node	*cached32_node; /* Save last 32-bit alloced node */
>   	unsigned long	granule;	/* pfn granularity for this domain */
>   	unsigned long	start_pfn;	/* Lower limit for this domain */
>   	unsigned long	dma_32bit_pfn;
> 

-- 
Qualcomm Datacenter Technologies as an affiliate of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. is a member of the Code Aurora Forum, a Linux Foundation Collaborative Project.

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#1699965

FromRobin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Date2017-07-31 13:50 +0200
Message-ID<u9hmV-5Mi-11@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1699212
Hi Nate,

On 29/07/17 04:57, Nate Watterson wrote:
> Hi Robin,
> I am seeing a crash when performing very basic testing on this series
> with a Mellanox CX4 NIC. I dug into the crash a bit, and think this
> patch is the culprit, but this rcache business is still mostly
> witchcraft to me.
> 
> # ifconfig eth5 up
> # ifconfig eth5 down
>     Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address
> 00000020
>     user pgtable: 64k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgd = ffff8007dbf47c00
>     [0000000000000020] *pgd=00000006efab0003, *pud=00000006efab0003,
> *pmd=00000007d8720003, *pte=0000000000000000
>     Internal error: Oops: 96000007 [#1] SMP
>     Modules linked in:
>     CPU: 47 PID: 5082 Comm: ifconfig Not tainted 4.13.0-rtp-enablement+ #3
>     task: ffff8007da1e5780 task.stack: ffff8007ddcb8000
>     PC is at __cached_rbnode_delete_update+0x2c/0x58
>     LR is at private_free_iova+0x2c/0x60
>     pc : [<ffff00000852c6e4>] lr : [<ffff00000852cdac>] pstate: 204001c5
>     sp : ffff8007ddcbba00
>     x29: ffff8007ddcbba00 x28: ffff8007c8350210
>     x27: ffff8007d1a80000 x26: ffff8007dcc20800
>     x25: 0000000000000140 x24: ffff8007c98f0008
>     x23: 00000000fffffe4e x22: 0000000000000140
>     x21: ffff8007c98f0008 x20: ffff8007c9adb240
>     x19: ffff8007c98f0018 x18: 0000000000000010
>     x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000
>     x15: 4000000000000000 x14: 0000000000000000
>     x13: 00000000ffffffff x12: 0000000000000001
>     x11: dead000000000200 x10: 00000000ffffffff
>     x9 : 0000000000000000 x8 : ffff8007c9adb1c0
>     x7 : 0000000040002000 x6 : 0000000000210d00
>     x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 000000000000c57e
>     x3 : 00000000ffffffcf x2 : 00000000ffffffcf
>     x1 : ffff8007c9adb240 x0 : 0000000000000000
>     [...]
>     [<ffff00000852c6e4>] __cached_rbnode_delete_update+0x2c/0x58
>     [<ffff00000852cdac>] private_free_iova+0x2c/0x60
>     [<ffff00000852cea4>] iova_magazine_free_pfns+0x4c/0xa0
>     [<ffff00000852d0a8>] free_iova_fast+0x1b0/0x230
>     [<ffff000008529d34>] iommu_dma_free_iova+0x5c/0x80
>     [<ffff000008529db4>] __iommu_dma_unmap+0x5c/0x98
>     [<ffff00000852aebc>] iommu_dma_unmap_resource+0x24/0x30
>     [<ffff00000852aed4>] iommu_dma_unmap_page+0xc/0x18
>     [<ffff000008093030>] __iommu_unmap_page+0x40/0x60
>     [<ffff0000087401bc>] mlx5e_page_release+0xbc/0x128
>     [<ffff000008740498>] mlx5e_dealloc_rx_wqe+0x30/0x40
>     [<ffff000008735ef0>] mlx5e_close_channel+0x70/0x1f8
>     [<ffff0000087370f4>] mlx5e_close_channels+0x2c/0x50
>     [<ffff0000087385dc>] mlx5e_close_locked+0x54/0x68
>     [<ffff000008738620>] mlx5e_close+0x30/0x58
>     [...]
> 
> ** Disassembly for __cached_rbnode_delete_update() near the fault **
>               92|if (free->pfn_hi < iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
> FFFF00000852C6C4|            ldr     x3,[x1,#0x18]    ; x3,[free,#24]
> FFFF00000852C6C8|            ldr     x2,[x0,#0x30]    ; x2,[iovad,#48]
> FFFF00000852C6CC|            cmp     x3,x2
> FFFF00000852C6D0|            b.cs    0xFFFF00000852C708
>                 |        curr = &iovad->cached32_node;
>               94|if (!curr)
> FFFF00000852C6D4|            adds    x19,x0,#0x18     ; x19,iovad,#24
> FFFF00000852C6D8|            b.eq    0xFFFF00000852C708
>                 |
>                 |cached_iova = rb_entry(*curr, struct iova, node);
>                 |
>               99|if (free->pfn_lo >= cached_iova->pfn_lo)
> FFFF00000852C6DC|            ldr     x0,[x19]         ; xiovad,[curr]
> FFFF00000852C6E0|            ldr     x2,[x1,#0x20]    ; x2,[free,#32]
> FFFF00000852C6E4|            ldr     x0,[x0,#0x20]    ; x0,[x0,#32]
> Apparently cached_iova was NULL so the pfn_lo access faulted.
> 
> FFFF00000852C6E8|            cmp     x2,x0
> FFFF00000852C6EC|            b.cc    0xFFFF00000852C6FC
> FFFF00000852C6F0|            mov     x0,x1            ; x0,free
>              100|        *curr = rb_next(&free->node);
> After instrumenting the code a bit, this seems to be the culprit. In the
> previous call, free->pfn_lo was 0xFFFF_FFFF which is actually the
> dma_limit for the domain so rb_next() returns NULL.
> 
> Let me know if you have any questions or would like additional tests
> run. I also applied your "DMA domain debug info" patches and dumped the
> contents of the domain at each of the steps above in case that would be
> useful. If nothing else, they reinforce how thirsty the CX4 NIC is
> especially when using 64k pages and many CPUs.

Thanks for the report - I somehow managed to reason myself out of
keeping the "no cached node" check in __cached_rbnode_delete_update() on
the assumption that it must always be set by a previous allocation.
However, there is indeed just one case case for which that fails: when
you free any IOVA immediately after freeing the very topmost one. Which
is something that freeing an entire magazine's worth of IOVAs back to
the tree all at once has a very real chance of doing...

The obvious straightforward fix is inline below, but I'm now starting to
understand the appeal of reserving a sentinel node to ensure the tree
can never be empty, so I might have a quick go at that to see if it
results in nicer code overall.

Robin.

>
> -Nate
> 
> On 7/21/2017 7:42 AM, Robin Murphy wrote:
>> The cached node mechanism provides a significant performance benefit for
>> allocations using a 32-bit DMA mask, but in the case of non-PCI devices
>> or where the 32-bit space is full, the loss of this benefit can be
>> significant - on large systems there can be many thousands of entries in
>> the tree, such that traversing to the end then walking all the way down
>> to find free space every time becomes increasingly awful.
>>
>> Maintain a similar cached node for the whole IOVA space as a superset of
>> the 32-bit space so that performance can remain much more consistent.
>>
>> Inspired by work by Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>.
>>
>> Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>> Tested-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
>> ---
>>
>> v2: No change
>>
>>   drivers/iommu/iova.c | 59
>> +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
>>   include/linux/iova.h |  3 ++-
>>   2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/drivers/iommu/iova.c b/drivers/iommu/iova.c
>> index d094d1ca8f23..f5809a2ee6c2 100644
>> --- a/drivers/iommu/iova.c
>> +++ b/drivers/iommu/iova.c
>> @@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ init_iova_domain(struct iova_domain *iovad, unsigned
>> long granule,
>>         spin_lock_init(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock);
>>       iovad->rbroot = RB_ROOT;
>> +    iovad->cached_node = NULL;
>>       iovad->cached32_node = NULL;
>>       iovad->granule = granule;
>>       iovad->start_pfn = start_pfn;
>> @@ -57,48 +58,46 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_iova_domain);
>>   static struct rb_node *
>>   __get_cached_rbnode(struct iova_domain *iovad, unsigned long
>> *limit_pfn)
>>   {
>> -    if ((*limit_pfn > iovad->dma_32bit_pfn) ||
>> -        (iovad->cached32_node == NULL))
>> +    struct rb_node *cached_node = NULL;
>> +    struct iova *curr_iova;
>> +
>> +    if (*limit_pfn <= iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
>> +        cached_node = iovad->cached32_node;
>> +    if (!cached_node)
>> +        cached_node = iovad->cached_node;
>> +    if (!cached_node)
>>           return rb_last(&iovad->rbroot);
>> -    else {
>> -        struct rb_node *prev_node = rb_prev(iovad->cached32_node);
>> -        struct iova *curr_iova =
>> -            rb_entry(iovad->cached32_node, struct iova, node);
>> -        *limit_pfn = curr_iova->pfn_lo;
>> -        return prev_node;
>> -    }
>> +
>> +    curr_iova = rb_entry(cached_node, struct iova, node);
>> +    *limit_pfn = curr_iova->pfn_lo;
>> +
>> +    return rb_prev(cached_node);
>>   }
>>     static void
>> -__cached_rbnode_insert_update(struct iova_domain *iovad,
>> -    unsigned long limit_pfn, struct iova *new)
>> +__cached_rbnode_insert_update(struct iova_domain *iovad, struct iova
>> *new)
>>   {
>> -    if (limit_pfn != iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
>> -        return;
>> -    iovad->cached32_node = &new->node;
>> +    if (new->pfn_lo > iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
>> +        iovad->cached_node = &new->node;
>> +    else
>> +        iovad->cached32_node = &new->node;
>>   }
>>     static void
>>   __cached_rbnode_delete_update(struct iova_domain *iovad, struct iova
>> *free)
>>   {
>>       struct iova *cached_iova;
>> -    struct rb_node *curr;
>> +    struct rb_node **curr = NULL;
>>   -    if (!iovad->cached32_node)
>> -        return;
>> -    curr = iovad->cached32_node;
>> -    cached_iova = rb_entry(curr, struct iova, node);
>> +    if (free->pfn_hi < iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
>> +        curr = &iovad->cached32_node;
>> +    if (!curr)
>> +        curr = &iovad->cached_node;

+	if (!*curr)
+		return;

>>   -    if (free->pfn_lo >= cached_iova->pfn_lo) {
>> -        struct rb_node *node = rb_next(&free->node);
>> -        struct iova *iova = rb_entry(node, struct iova, node);
>> +    cached_iova = rb_entry(*curr, struct iova, node);
>>   -        /* only cache if it's below 32bit pfn */
>> -        if (node && iova->pfn_lo < iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
>> -            iovad->cached32_node = node;
>> -        else
>> -            iovad->cached32_node = NULL;
>> -    }
>> +    if (free->pfn_lo >= cached_iova->pfn_lo)
>> +        *curr = rb_next(&free->node);
>>   }
>>     /* Insert the iova into domain rbtree by holding writer lock */
>> @@ -135,7 +134,6 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct
>> iova_domain *iovad,
>>   {
>>       struct rb_node *prev, *curr = NULL;
>>       unsigned long flags;
>> -    unsigned long saved_pfn;
>>       unsigned long align_mask = ~0UL;
>>         if (size_aligned)
>> @@ -143,7 +141,6 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct
>> iova_domain *iovad,
>>         /* Walk the tree backwards */
>>       spin_lock_irqsave(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock, flags);
>> -    saved_pfn = limit_pfn;
>>       curr = __get_cached_rbnode(iovad, &limit_pfn);
>>       prev = curr;
>>       while (curr) {
>> @@ -173,7 +170,7 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct
>> iova_domain *iovad,
>>         /* If we have 'prev', it's a valid place to start the
>> insertion. */
>>       iova_insert_rbtree(&iovad->rbroot, new, prev);
>> -    __cached_rbnode_insert_update(iovad, saved_pfn, new);
>> +    __cached_rbnode_insert_update(iovad, new);
>>         spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock, flags);
>>   diff --git a/include/linux/iova.h b/include/linux/iova.h
>> index e0a892ae45c0..0bb8df43b393 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/iova.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/iova.h
>> @@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ struct iova_rcache {
>>   struct iova_domain {
>>       spinlock_t    iova_rbtree_lock; /* Lock to protect update of
>> rbtree */
>>       struct rb_root    rbroot;        /* iova domain rbtree root */
>> -    struct rb_node    *cached32_node; /* Save last alloced node */
>> +    struct rb_node    *cached_node;    /* Save last alloced node */
>> +    struct rb_node    *cached32_node; /* Save last 32-bit alloced
>> node */
>>       unsigned long    granule;    /* pfn granularity for this domain */
>>       unsigned long    start_pfn;    /* Lower limit for this domain */
>>       unsigned long    dma_32bit_pfn;
>>
>

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#1703390

FromNate Watterson <nwatters@codeaurora.org>
Date2017-08-03 21:50 +0200
Message-ID<uaui5-4xf-7@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1699965
Hi Robin,

On 7/31/2017 7:42 AM, Robin Murphy wrote:
> Hi Nate,
> 
> On 29/07/17 04:57, Nate Watterson wrote:
>> Hi Robin,
>> I am seeing a crash when performing very basic testing on this series
>> with a Mellanox CX4 NIC. I dug into the crash a bit, and think this
>> patch is the culprit, but this rcache business is still mostly
>> witchcraft to me.
>>
>> # ifconfig eth5 up
>> # ifconfig eth5 down
>>      Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address
>> 00000020
>>      user pgtable: 64k pages, 48-bit VAs, pgd = ffff8007dbf47c00
>>      [0000000000000020] *pgd=00000006efab0003, *pud=00000006efab0003,
>> *pmd=00000007d8720003, *pte=0000000000000000
>>      Internal error: Oops: 96000007 [#1] SMP
>>      Modules linked in:
>>      CPU: 47 PID: 5082 Comm: ifconfig Not tainted 4.13.0-rtp-enablement+ #3
>>      task: ffff8007da1e5780 task.stack: ffff8007ddcb8000
>>      PC is at __cached_rbnode_delete_update+0x2c/0x58
>>      LR is at private_free_iova+0x2c/0x60
>>      pc : [<ffff00000852c6e4>] lr : [<ffff00000852cdac>] pstate: 204001c5
>>      sp : ffff8007ddcbba00
>>      x29: ffff8007ddcbba00 x28: ffff8007c8350210
>>      x27: ffff8007d1a80000 x26: ffff8007dcc20800
>>      x25: 0000000000000140 x24: ffff8007c98f0008
>>      x23: 00000000fffffe4e x22: 0000000000000140
>>      x21: ffff8007c98f0008 x20: ffff8007c9adb240
>>      x19: ffff8007c98f0018 x18: 0000000000000010
>>      x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000
>>      x15: 4000000000000000 x14: 0000000000000000
>>      x13: 00000000ffffffff x12: 0000000000000001
>>      x11: dead000000000200 x10: 00000000ffffffff
>>      x9 : 0000000000000000 x8 : ffff8007c9adb1c0
>>      x7 : 0000000040002000 x6 : 0000000000210d00
>>      x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 000000000000c57e
>>      x3 : 00000000ffffffcf x2 : 00000000ffffffcf
>>      x1 : ffff8007c9adb240 x0 : 0000000000000000
>>      [...]
>>      [<ffff00000852c6e4>] __cached_rbnode_delete_update+0x2c/0x58
>>      [<ffff00000852cdac>] private_free_iova+0x2c/0x60
>>      [<ffff00000852cea4>] iova_magazine_free_pfns+0x4c/0xa0
>>      [<ffff00000852d0a8>] free_iova_fast+0x1b0/0x230
>>      [<ffff000008529d34>] iommu_dma_free_iova+0x5c/0x80
>>      [<ffff000008529db4>] __iommu_dma_unmap+0x5c/0x98
>>      [<ffff00000852aebc>] iommu_dma_unmap_resource+0x24/0x30
>>      [<ffff00000852aed4>] iommu_dma_unmap_page+0xc/0x18
>>      [<ffff000008093030>] __iommu_unmap_page+0x40/0x60
>>      [<ffff0000087401bc>] mlx5e_page_release+0xbc/0x128
>>      [<ffff000008740498>] mlx5e_dealloc_rx_wqe+0x30/0x40
>>      [<ffff000008735ef0>] mlx5e_close_channel+0x70/0x1f8
>>      [<ffff0000087370f4>] mlx5e_close_channels+0x2c/0x50
>>      [<ffff0000087385dc>] mlx5e_close_locked+0x54/0x68
>>      [<ffff000008738620>] mlx5e_close+0x30/0x58
>>      [...]
>>
>> ** Disassembly for __cached_rbnode_delete_update() near the fault **
>>                92|if (free->pfn_hi < iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
>> FFFF00000852C6C4|            ldr     x3,[x1,#0x18]    ; x3,[free,#24]
>> FFFF00000852C6C8|            ldr     x2,[x0,#0x30]    ; x2,[iovad,#48]
>> FFFF00000852C6CC|            cmp     x3,x2
>> FFFF00000852C6D0|            b.cs    0xFFFF00000852C708
>>                  |        curr = &iovad->cached32_node;
>>                94|if (!curr)
>> FFFF00000852C6D4|            adds    x19,x0,#0x18     ; x19,iovad,#24
>> FFFF00000852C6D8|            b.eq    0xFFFF00000852C708
>>                  |
>>                  |cached_iova = rb_entry(*curr, struct iova, node);
>>                  |
>>                99|if (free->pfn_lo >= cached_iova->pfn_lo)
>> FFFF00000852C6DC|            ldr     x0,[x19]         ; xiovad,[curr]
>> FFFF00000852C6E0|            ldr     x2,[x1,#0x20]    ; x2,[free,#32]
>> FFFF00000852C6E4|            ldr     x0,[x0,#0x20]    ; x0,[x0,#32]
>> Apparently cached_iova was NULL so the pfn_lo access faulted.
>>
>> FFFF00000852C6E8|            cmp     x2,x0
>> FFFF00000852C6EC|            b.cc    0xFFFF00000852C6FC
>> FFFF00000852C6F0|            mov     x0,x1            ; x0,free
>>               100|        *curr = rb_next(&free->node);
>> After instrumenting the code a bit, this seems to be the culprit. In the
>> previous call, free->pfn_lo was 0xFFFF_FFFF which is actually the
>> dma_limit for the domain so rb_next() returns NULL.
>>
>> Let me know if you have any questions or would like additional tests
>> run. I also applied your "DMA domain debug info" patches and dumped the
>> contents of the domain at each of the steps above in case that would be
>> useful. If nothing else, they reinforce how thirsty the CX4 NIC is
>> especially when using 64k pages and many CPUs.
> 
> Thanks for the report - I somehow managed to reason myself out of
> keeping the "no cached node" check in __cached_rbnode_delete_update() on
> the assumption that it must always be set by a previous allocation.
> However, there is indeed just one case case for which that fails: when
> you free any IOVA immediately after freeing the very topmost one. Which
> is something that freeing an entire magazine's worth of IOVAs back to
> the tree all at once has a very real chance of doing...
> 
> The obvious straightforward fix is inline below, but I'm now starting to
> understand the appeal of reserving a sentinel node to ensure the tree
> can never be empty, so I might have a quick go at that to see if it
> results in nicer code overall.

After applying your fix, the crash no longer occurs, but the performance
of this use case is only marginally less awful than it was before. I'll
start a new thread to discuss the causes and potential solutions.

Nate
> 
> Robin.
> 
>>
>> -Nate
>>
>> On 7/21/2017 7:42 AM, Robin Murphy wrote:
>>> The cached node mechanism provides a significant performance benefit for
>>> allocations using a 32-bit DMA mask, but in the case of non-PCI devices
>>> or where the 32-bit space is full, the loss of this benefit can be
>>> significant - on large systems there can be many thousands of entries in
>>> the tree, such that traversing to the end then walking all the way down
>>> to find free space every time becomes increasingly awful.
>>>
>>> Maintain a similar cached node for the whole IOVA space as a superset of
>>> the 32-bit space so that performance can remain much more consistent.
>>>
>>> Inspired by work by Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>.
>>>
>>> Tested-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
>>> Tested-by: Zhen Lei <thunder.leizhen@huawei.com>
>>> Signed-off-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
>>> ---
>>>
>>> v2: No change
>>>
>>>    drivers/iommu/iova.c | 59
>>> +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
>>>    include/linux/iova.h |  3 ++-
>>>    2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/drivers/iommu/iova.c b/drivers/iommu/iova.c
>>> index d094d1ca8f23..f5809a2ee6c2 100644
>>> --- a/drivers/iommu/iova.c
>>> +++ b/drivers/iommu/iova.c
>>> @@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ init_iova_domain(struct iova_domain *iovad, unsigned
>>> long granule,
>>>          spin_lock_init(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock);
>>>        iovad->rbroot = RB_ROOT;
>>> +    iovad->cached_node = NULL;
>>>        iovad->cached32_node = NULL;
>>>        iovad->granule = granule;
>>>        iovad->start_pfn = start_pfn;
>>> @@ -57,48 +58,46 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(init_iova_domain);
>>>    static struct rb_node *
>>>    __get_cached_rbnode(struct iova_domain *iovad, unsigned long
>>> *limit_pfn)
>>>    {
>>> -    if ((*limit_pfn > iovad->dma_32bit_pfn) ||
>>> -        (iovad->cached32_node == NULL))
>>> +    struct rb_node *cached_node = NULL;
>>> +    struct iova *curr_iova;
>>> +
>>> +    if (*limit_pfn <= iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
>>> +        cached_node = iovad->cached32_node;
>>> +    if (!cached_node)
>>> +        cached_node = iovad->cached_node;
>>> +    if (!cached_node)
>>>            return rb_last(&iovad->rbroot);
>>> -    else {
>>> -        struct rb_node *prev_node = rb_prev(iovad->cached32_node);
>>> -        struct iova *curr_iova =
>>> -            rb_entry(iovad->cached32_node, struct iova, node);
>>> -        *limit_pfn = curr_iova->pfn_lo;
>>> -        return prev_node;
>>> -    }
>>> +
>>> +    curr_iova = rb_entry(cached_node, struct iova, node);
>>> +    *limit_pfn = curr_iova->pfn_lo;
>>> +
>>> +    return rb_prev(cached_node);
>>>    }
>>>      static void
>>> -__cached_rbnode_insert_update(struct iova_domain *iovad,
>>> -    unsigned long limit_pfn, struct iova *new)
>>> +__cached_rbnode_insert_update(struct iova_domain *iovad, struct iova
>>> *new)
>>>    {
>>> -    if (limit_pfn != iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
>>> -        return;
>>> -    iovad->cached32_node = &new->node;
>>> +    if (new->pfn_lo > iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
>>> +        iovad->cached_node = &new->node;
>>> +    else
>>> +        iovad->cached32_node = &new->node;
>>>    }
>>>      static void
>>>    __cached_rbnode_delete_update(struct iova_domain *iovad, struct iova
>>> *free)
>>>    {
>>>        struct iova *cached_iova;
>>> -    struct rb_node *curr;
>>> +    struct rb_node **curr = NULL;
>>>    -    if (!iovad->cached32_node)
>>> -        return;
>>> -    curr = iovad->cached32_node;
>>> -    cached_iova = rb_entry(curr, struct iova, node);
>>> +    if (free->pfn_hi < iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
>>> +        curr = &iovad->cached32_node;
>>> +    if (!curr)
>>> +        curr = &iovad->cached_node;
> 
> +	if (!*curr)
> +		return;
> 
>>>    -    if (free->pfn_lo >= cached_iova->pfn_lo) {
>>> -        struct rb_node *node = rb_next(&free->node);
>>> -        struct iova *iova = rb_entry(node, struct iova, node);
>>> +    cached_iova = rb_entry(*curr, struct iova, node);
>>>    -        /* only cache if it's below 32bit pfn */
>>> -        if (node && iova->pfn_lo < iovad->dma_32bit_pfn)
>>> -            iovad->cached32_node = node;
>>> -        else
>>> -            iovad->cached32_node = NULL;
>>> -    }
>>> +    if (free->pfn_lo >= cached_iova->pfn_lo)
>>> +        *curr = rb_next(&free->node);
>>>    }
>>>      /* Insert the iova into domain rbtree by holding writer lock */
>>> @@ -135,7 +134,6 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct
>>> iova_domain *iovad,
>>>    {
>>>        struct rb_node *prev, *curr = NULL;
>>>        unsigned long flags;
>>> -    unsigned long saved_pfn;
>>>        unsigned long align_mask = ~0UL;
>>>          if (size_aligned)
>>> @@ -143,7 +141,6 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct
>>> iova_domain *iovad,
>>>          /* Walk the tree backwards */
>>>        spin_lock_irqsave(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock, flags);
>>> -    saved_pfn = limit_pfn;
>>>        curr = __get_cached_rbnode(iovad, &limit_pfn);
>>>        prev = curr;
>>>        while (curr) {
>>> @@ -173,7 +170,7 @@ static int __alloc_and_insert_iova_range(struct
>>> iova_domain *iovad,
>>>          /* If we have 'prev', it's a valid place to start the
>>> insertion. */
>>>        iova_insert_rbtree(&iovad->rbroot, new, prev);
>>> -    __cached_rbnode_insert_update(iovad, saved_pfn, new);
>>> +    __cached_rbnode_insert_update(iovad, new);
>>>          spin_unlock_irqrestore(&iovad->iova_rbtree_lock, flags);
>>>    diff --git a/include/linux/iova.h b/include/linux/iova.h
>>> index e0a892ae45c0..0bb8df43b393 100644
>>> --- a/include/linux/iova.h
>>> +++ b/include/linux/iova.h
>>> @@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ struct iova_rcache {
>>>    struct iova_domain {
>>>        spinlock_t    iova_rbtree_lock; /* Lock to protect update of
>>> rbtree */
>>>        struct rb_root    rbroot;        /* iova domain rbtree root */
>>> -    struct rb_node    *cached32_node; /* Save last alloced node */
>>> +    struct rb_node    *cached_node;    /* Save last alloced node */
>>> +    struct rb_node    *cached32_node; /* Save last 32-bit alloced
>>> node */
>>>        unsigned long    granule;    /* pfn granularity for this domain */
>>>        unsigned long    start_pfn;    /* Lower limit for this domain */
>>>        unsigned long    dma_32bit_pfn;
>>>
>>
> 

-- 
Qualcomm Datacenter Technologies as an affiliate of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. is a member of the Code Aurora Forum, a Linux Foundation Collaborative Project.

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