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Groups > linux.kernel > #1607903 > unrolled thread

[BUG nohz]: wrong user and system time accounting

Started byLuiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
First post2017-03-23 22:00 +0100
Last post2017-03-27 04:00 +0200
Articles 8 — 4 participants

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Contents

  [BUG nohz]: wrong user and system time accounting Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com> - 2017-03-23 22:00 +0100
    Re: [BUG nohz]: wrong user and system time accounting Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> - 2017-03-24 02:00 +0100
      Re: [BUG nohz]: wrong user and system time accounting Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com> - 2017-03-24 02:10 +0100
        Re: [BUG nohz]: wrong user and system time accounting Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> - 2017-03-24 02:10 +0100
          Re: [BUG nohz]: wrong user and system time accounting Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com> - 2017-03-24 02:50 +0100
      Re: [BUG nohz]: wrong user and system time accounting lkml@pengaru.com - 2017-03-27 07:40 +0200
    Re: [BUG nohz]: wrong user and system time accounting Wanpeng Li <kernellwp@gmail.com> - 2017-03-24 03:00 +0100
    Re: [BUG nohz]: wrong user and system time accounting Wanpeng Li <kernellwp@gmail.com> - 2017-03-27 04:00 +0200

#1607903 — [BUG nohz]: wrong user and system time accounting

FromLuiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Date2017-03-23 22:00 +0100
Subject[BUG nohz]: wrong user and system time accounting
Message-ID<tohZT-7Mb-5@gated-at.bofh.it>
When there are two or more tasks executing in user-space and
taking 100% of a nohz_full CPU, top reports 70% system time
and 30% user time utilization. Sometimes I'm even able to get
100% system time and 0% user time.

This was reproduced with latest Linus tree (093b995), but I
don't believe it's a regression (at least not a recent one)
as I can reproduce it with older kernels. Also, I have
CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING=y and haven't tried to reproduce
without it yet.

Below you'll find the steps to reproduce and some initial
analysis.

Steps to reproduce
------------------

1. Set up a CPU for nohz_full with isolcpus= nohz_full=

2. Pin two tasks that hog the CPU 100% of the time to that CPU

3. Run top -d1 and check system time

NOTE: When there's only one task hogging a nohz_full CPU, top
      shows 100% user-time, as expected

Initial analysis
----------------

When tracing vtime accounting functions and the user-space/kernel
transitions when the issue is taking place, I see several of the
following:

hog-10552 [015]  1132.711104: function:             enter_from_user_mode <-- apic_timer_interrupt
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: function:             __context_tracking_exit <-- enter_from_user_mode
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: bprint:               __context_tracking_exit.part.4: new state=1 cur state=1 active=1
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: function:             vtime_account_user <-- __context_tracking_exit.part.4
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: function:             smp_apic_timer_interrupt <-- apic_timer_interrupt
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             irq_enter <-- smp_apic_timer_interrupt
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             tick_sched_timer <-- __hrtimer_run_queues
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: function:             irq_exit <-- smp_apic_timer_interrupt
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: function:             __context_tracking_enter <-- prepare_exit_to_usermode
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: bprint:               __context_tracking_enter.part.2: new state=1 cur state=0 active=1
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             vtime_user_enter <-- __context_tracking_enter.part.2
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             __vtime_account_system <-- vtime_user_enter
hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             account_system_time <-- __vtime_account_system

On entering the kernel due to a timer interrupt, vtime_account_user()
skips user-time accounting. Then later on when returning to user-space,
vtime_user_enter() is probably accounting the whole time (ie. user-space
plus kernel-space) to system time.

Now, when does vtime_account_user() skips accounting? Well, when the
time delta is less then one jiffie. This would imply that vtime_account_user()
is being called less than one jiffie since the last accounting, but I haven't
confirmed any of this yet.

[toc] | [next] | [standalone]


#1608040

FromRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Date2017-03-24 02:00 +0100
Message-ID<tolK9-1Wj-7@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1607903
On Thu, 2017-03-23 at 16:55 -0400, Luiz Capitulino wrote:
> When there are two or more tasks executing in user-space and
> taking 100% of a nohz_full CPU, top reports 70% system time
> and 30% user time utilization. Sometimes I'm even able to get
> 100% system time and 0% user time.
> 
> This was reproduced with latest Linus tree (093b995), but I
> don't believe it's a regression (at least not a recent one)
> as I can reproduce it with older kernels. Also, I have
> CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING=y and haven't tried to reproduce
> without it yet.
> 
> Below you'll find the steps to reproduce and some initial
> analysis.
> 
> Steps to reproduce
> ------------------
> 
> 1. Set up a CPU for nohz_full with isolcpus= nohz_full=
> 
> 2. Pin two tasks that hog the CPU 100% of the time to that CPU
> 
> 3. Run top -d1 and check system time
> 
> NOTE: When there's only one task hogging a nohz_full CPU, top
>       shows 100% user-time, as expected
> 
> Initial analysis
> ----------------
> 
> When tracing vtime accounting functions and the user-space/kernel
> transitions when the issue is taking place, I see several of the
> following:
> 
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711104:
> function:             enter_from_user_mode <-- apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> function:             __context_tracking_exit <--
> enter_from_user_mode
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> bprint:               __context_tracking_exit.part.4: new state=1 cur
> state=1 active=1
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> function:             vtime_account_user <--
> __context_tracking_exit.part.4
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> function:             smp_apic_timer_interrupt <--
> apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             irq_enter <--
> smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             tick_sched_timer
> <-- __hrtimer_run_queues
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: function:             irq_exit <--
> smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108:
> function:             __context_tracking_enter <--
> prepare_exit_to_usermode
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108:
> bprint:               __context_tracking_enter.part.2: new state=1
> cur state=0 active=1
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             vtime_user_enter
> <-- __context_tracking_enter.part.2
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> function:             __vtime_account_system <-- vtime_user_enter
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> function:             account_system_time <-- __vtime_account_system
> 
> On entering the kernel due to a timer interrupt, vtime_account_user()
> skips user-time accounting. Then later on when returning to user-
> space,
> vtime_user_enter() is probably accounting the whole time (ie. user-
> space
> plus kernel-space) to system time.
> 
> Now, when does vtime_account_user() skips accounting? Well, when the
> time delta is less then one jiffie. This would imply that
> vtime_account_user()
> is being called less than one jiffie since the last accounting, but I
> haven't
> confirmed any of this yet.

Jiffies should be advanced by the timer interrupt, on the
housekeeping CPU, which is not doing context tracking.

Why is the isolated/nohz_full CPU receiving timer interrupts
at all?

I thought it would not, but obviously I am wrong. What is
going on here?

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#1608051

FromLuiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Date2017-03-24 02:10 +0100
Message-ID<tolTQ-2hX-11@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1608040
On Thu, 23 Mar 2017 20:56:02 -0400
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> wrote:

> On Thu, 2017-03-23 at 16:55 -0400, Luiz Capitulino wrote:
> > When there are two or more tasks executing in user-space and
> > taking 100% of a nohz_full CPU, top reports 70% system time
> > and 30% user time utilization. Sometimes I'm even able to get
> > 100% system time and 0% user time.
> > 
> > This was reproduced with latest Linus tree (093b995), but I
> > don't believe it's a regression (at least not a recent one)
> > as I can reproduce it with older kernels. Also, I have
> > CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING=y and haven't tried to reproduce
> > without it yet.
> > 
> > Below you'll find the steps to reproduce and some initial
> > analysis.
> > 
> > Steps to reproduce
> > ------------------
> > 
> > 1. Set up a CPU for nohz_full with isolcpus= nohz_full=
> > 
> > 2. Pin two tasks that hog the CPU 100% of the time to that CPU
> > 
> > 3. Run top -d1 and check system time
> > 
> > NOTE: When there's only one task hogging a nohz_full CPU, top
> >       shows 100% user-time, as expected
> > 
> > Initial analysis
> > ----------------
> > 
> > When tracing vtime accounting functions and the user-space/kernel
> > transitions when the issue is taking place, I see several of the
> > following:
> > 
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711104:
> > function:             enter_from_user_mode <-- apic_timer_interrupt
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > function:             __context_tracking_exit <--
> > enter_from_user_mode
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > bprint:               __context_tracking_exit.part.4: new state=1 cur
> > state=1 active=1
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > function:             vtime_account_user <--
> > __context_tracking_exit.part.4
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > function:             smp_apic_timer_interrupt <--
> > apic_timer_interrupt
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             irq_enter <--
> > smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             tick_sched_timer
> > <-- __hrtimer_run_queues
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: function:             irq_exit <--
> > smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108:
> > function:             __context_tracking_enter <--
> > prepare_exit_to_usermode
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108:
> > bprint:               __context_tracking_enter.part.2: new state=1
> > cur state=0 active=1
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             vtime_user_enter
> > <-- __context_tracking_enter.part.2
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> > function:             __vtime_account_system <-- vtime_user_enter
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> > function:             account_system_time <-- __vtime_account_system
> > 
> > On entering the kernel due to a timer interrupt, vtime_account_user()
> > skips user-time accounting. Then later on when returning to user-
> > space,
> > vtime_user_enter() is probably accounting the whole time (ie. user-
> > space
> > plus kernel-space) to system time.
> > 
> > Now, when does vtime_account_user() skips accounting? Well, when the
> > time delta is less then one jiffie. This would imply that
> > vtime_account_user()
> > is being called less than one jiffie since the last accounting, but I
> > haven't
> > confirmed any of this yet.  
> 
> Jiffies should be advanced by the timer interrupt, on the
> housekeeping CPU, which is not doing context tracking.

The hypothesis isn't that it wasn't advanced, but that we stayed in
user-space less than 1ms.

> Why is the isolated/nohz_full CPU receiving timer interrupts
> at all?
> 
> I thought it would not, but obviously I am wrong. What is
> going on here?

There are two runnable SCHED_OTHER tasks on the nohz_full CPU. When
that happens, the tick is re-activated. We're not nohz_full anymore,
but accounting should still work.

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#1608056

FromRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Date2017-03-24 02:10 +0100
Message-ID<tolTQ-2hX-15@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1608051
On Thu, 2017-03-23 at 21:05 -0400, Luiz Capitulino wrote:
> On Thu, 23 Mar 2017 20:56:02 -0400
> Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> wrote:
> 
> > On Thu, 2017-03-23 at 16:55 -0400, Luiz Capitulino wrote:
> > > When there are two or more tasks executing in user-space and
> > > taking 100% of a nohz_full CPU, top reports 70% system time
> > > and 30% user time utilization. Sometimes I'm even able to get
> > > 100% system time and 0% user time.
> > > 
> > > This was reproduced with latest Linus tree (093b995), but I
> > > don't believe it's a regression (at least not a recent one)
> > > as I can reproduce it with older kernels. Also, I have
> > > CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING=y and haven't tried to reproduce
> > > without it yet.
> > > 
> > > Below you'll find the steps to reproduce and some initial
> > > analysis.
> > > 
> > > Steps to reproduce
> > > ------------------
> > > 
> > > 1. Set up a CPU for nohz_full with isolcpus= nohz_full=
> > > 
> > > 2. Pin two tasks that hog the CPU 100% of the time to that CPU
> > > 
> > > 3. Run top -d1 and check system time
> > > 
> > > NOTE: When there's only one task hogging a nohz_full CPU, top
> > >       shows 100% user-time, as expected
> > > 
> > > Initial analysis
> > > ----------------
> > > 
> > > When tracing vtime accounting functions and the user-space/kernel
> > > transitions when the issue is taking place, I see several of the
> > > following:
> > > 
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711104:
> > > function:             enter_from_user_mode <--
> > > apic_timer_interrupt
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > > function:             __context_tracking_exit <--
> > > enter_from_user_mode
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > > bprint:               __context_tracking_exit.part.4: new state=1
> > > cur
> > > state=1 active=1
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > > function:             vtime_account_user <--
> > > __context_tracking_exit.part.4
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > > function:             smp_apic_timer_interrupt <--
> > > apic_timer_interrupt
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             irq_enter <--
> > > smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106:
> > > function:             tick_sched_timer
> > > <-- __hrtimer_run_queues
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: function:             irq_exit <--
> > > smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108:
> > > function:             __context_tracking_enter <--
> > > prepare_exit_to_usermode
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108:
> > > bprint:               __context_tracking_enter.part.2: new
> > > state=1
> > > cur state=0 active=1
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> > > function:             vtime_user_enter
> > > <-- __context_tracking_enter.part.2
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> > > function:             __vtime_account_system <-- vtime_user_enter
> > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> > > function:             account_system_time <--
> > > __vtime_account_system
> > > 
> > > On entering the kernel due to a timer interrupt,
> > > vtime_account_user()
> > > skips user-time accounting. Then later on when returning to user-
> > > space,
> > > vtime_user_enter() is probably accounting the whole time (ie.
> > > user-
> > > space
> > > plus kernel-space) to system time.
> > > 
> > > Now, when does vtime_account_user() skips accounting? Well, when
> > > the
> > > time delta is less then one jiffie. This would imply that
> > > vtime_account_user()
> > > is being called less than one jiffie since the last accounting,
> > > but I
> > > haven't
> > > confirmed any of this yet.  
> > 
> > Jiffies should be advanced by the timer interrupt, on the
> > housekeeping CPU, which is not doing context tracking.
> 
> The hypothesis isn't that it wasn't advanced, but that we stayed in
> user-space less than 1ms.

That is part of the hypothesis. The other part of the hypothesis
involves jiffies advancing on the nohz_full & isolated CPU while
that CPU is in kernel mode 30% of the time.

I have no good explanation for the latter yet...

> > Why is the isolated/nohz_full CPU receiving timer interrupts
> > at all?
> > 
> > I thought it would not, but obviously I am wrong. What is
> > going on here?
> 
> There are two runnable SCHED_OTHER tasks on the nohz_full CPU. When
> that happens, the tick is re-activated. We're not nohz_full anymore,
> but accounting should still work.

Isn't the scheduler tick distinct from the timer interrupt,
or am I confused?

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#1608068

FromLuiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Date2017-03-24 02:50 +0100
Message-ID<tomwx-2zj-5@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1608056
On Thu, 23 Mar 2017 21:08:38 -0400
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> wrote:

> On Thu, 2017-03-23 at 21:05 -0400, Luiz Capitulino wrote:
> > On Thu, 23 Mar 2017 20:56:02 -0400
> > Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> wrote:
> >   
> > > On Thu, 2017-03-23 at 16:55 -0400, Luiz Capitulino wrote:  
> > > > When there are two or more tasks executing in user-space and
> > > > taking 100% of a nohz_full CPU, top reports 70% system time
> > > > and 30% user time utilization. Sometimes I'm even able to get
> > > > 100% system time and 0% user time.
> > > > 
> > > > This was reproduced with latest Linus tree (093b995), but I
> > > > don't believe it's a regression (at least not a recent one)
> > > > as I can reproduce it with older kernels. Also, I have
> > > > CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING=y and haven't tried to reproduce
> > > > without it yet.
> > > > 
> > > > Below you'll find the steps to reproduce and some initial
> > > > analysis.
> > > > 
> > > > Steps to reproduce
> > > > ------------------
> > > > 
> > > > 1. Set up a CPU for nohz_full with isolcpus= nohz_full=
> > > > 
> > > > 2. Pin two tasks that hog the CPU 100% of the time to that CPU
> > > > 
> > > > 3. Run top -d1 and check system time
> > > > 
> > > > NOTE: When there's only one task hogging a nohz_full CPU, top
> > > >       shows 100% user-time, as expected
> > > > 
> > > > Initial analysis
> > > > ----------------
> > > > 
> > > > When tracing vtime accounting functions and the user-space/kernel
> > > > transitions when the issue is taking place, I see several of the
> > > > following:
> > > > 
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711104:
> > > > function:             enter_from_user_mode <--
> > > > apic_timer_interrupt
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > > > function:             __context_tracking_exit <--
> > > > enter_from_user_mode
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > > > bprint:               __context_tracking_exit.part.4: new state=1
> > > > cur
> > > > state=1 active=1
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > > > function:             vtime_account_user <--
> > > > __context_tracking_exit.part.4
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > > > function:             smp_apic_timer_interrupt <--
> > > > apic_timer_interrupt
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             irq_enter <--
> > > > smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106:
> > > > function:             tick_sched_timer
> > > > <-- __hrtimer_run_queues
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: function:             irq_exit <--
> > > > smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108:
> > > > function:             __context_tracking_enter <--
> > > > prepare_exit_to_usermode
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108:
> > > > bprint:               __context_tracking_enter.part.2: new
> > > > state=1
> > > > cur state=0 active=1
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> > > > function:             vtime_user_enter
> > > > <-- __context_tracking_enter.part.2
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> > > > function:             __vtime_account_system <-- vtime_user_enter
> > > > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> > > > function:             account_system_time <--
> > > > __vtime_account_system
> > > > 
> > > > On entering the kernel due to a timer interrupt,
> > > > vtime_account_user()
> > > > skips user-time accounting. Then later on when returning to user-
> > > > space,
> > > > vtime_user_enter() is probably accounting the whole time (ie.
> > > > user-
> > > > space
> > > > plus kernel-space) to system time.
> > > > 
> > > > Now, when does vtime_account_user() skips accounting? Well, when
> > > > the
> > > > time delta is less then one jiffie. This would imply that
> > > > vtime_account_user()
> > > > is being called less than one jiffie since the last accounting,
> > > > but I
> > > > haven't
> > > > confirmed any of this yet.    
> > > 
> > > Jiffies should be advanced by the timer interrupt, on the
> > > housekeeping CPU, which is not doing context tracking.  
> > 
> > The hypothesis isn't that it wasn't advanced, but that we stayed in
> > user-space less than 1ms.  
> 
> That is part of the hypothesis. The other part of the hypothesis
> involves jiffies advancing on the nohz_full & isolated CPU while
> that CPU is in kernel mode 30% of the time.

OK.

> I have no good explanation for the latter yet...
> 
> > > Why is the isolated/nohz_full CPU receiving timer interrupts
> > > at all?
> > > 
> > > I thought it would not, but obviously I am wrong. What is
> > > going on here?  
> > 
> > There are two runnable SCHED_OTHER tasks on the nohz_full CPU. When
> > that happens, the tick is re-activated. We're not nohz_full anymore,
> > but accounting should still work.  
> 
> Isn't the scheduler tick distinct from the timer interrupt,
> or am I confused?

If you consider the scheduler tick to be the code that's run
by scheduler_tick(), yes they are distinct. But I was referring
to tick_sched_timer() the "main" tick handler. This one runs
as a hrtimer handler. In the case described in this email, the
timer interrupt fires because the nohz code sets up a hrtimer
to run (which is the tick, tick_sched_timer()).

Btw, _if_ the hypothesis is correct, I guess I might be able to
create a reproducer that doesn't depend on the tick. A task
staying 980us busy-looping in user-space and then making a
few dozen microseconds kernel call will probably report 100%
system time. This will be hard to do, but I'll give it try tomorrow.

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#1609456

Fromlkml@pengaru.com
Date2017-03-27 07:40 +0200
Message-ID<tpvxM-321-5@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1608040
On Thu, Mar 23, 2017 at 08:56:02PM -0400, Rik van Riel wrote:
> On Thu, 2017-03-23 at 16:55 -0400, Luiz Capitulino wrote:
> > When there are two or more tasks executing in user-space and
> > taking 100% of a nohz_full CPU, top reports 70% system time
> > and 30% user time utilization. Sometimes I'm even able to get
> > 100% system time and 0% user time.
> > 
> > This was reproduced with latest Linus tree (093b995), but I
> > don't believe it's a regression (at least not a recent one)
> > as I can reproduce it with older kernels. Also, I have
> > CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING=y and haven't tried to reproduce
> > without it yet.
> > 
> > Below you'll find the steps to reproduce and some initial
> > analysis.
> > 
> > Steps to reproduce
> > ------------------
> > 
> > 1. Set up a CPU for nohz_full with isolcpus= nohz_full=
> > 
> > 2. Pin two tasks that hog the CPU 100% of the time to that CPU
> > 
> > 3. Run top -d1 and check system time
> > 
> > NOTE: When there's only one task hogging a nohz_full CPU, top
> >       shows 100% user-time, as expected
> > 
> > Initial analysis
> > ----------------
> > 
> > When tracing vtime accounting functions and the user-space/kernel
> > transitions when the issue is taking place, I see several of the
> > following:
> > 
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711104:
> > function:             enter_from_user_mode <-- apic_timer_interrupt
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > function:             __context_tracking_exit <--
> > enter_from_user_mode
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > bprint:               __context_tracking_exit.part.4: new state=1 cur
> > state=1 active=1
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > function:             vtime_account_user <--
> > __context_tracking_exit.part.4
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105:
> > function:             smp_apic_timer_interrupt <--
> > apic_timer_interrupt
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             irq_enter <--
> > smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             tick_sched_timer
> > <-- __hrtimer_run_queues
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: function:             irq_exit <--
> > smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108:
> > function:             __context_tracking_enter <--
> > prepare_exit_to_usermode
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108:
> > bprint:               __context_tracking_enter.part.2: new state=1
> > cur state=0 active=1
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             vtime_user_enter
> > <-- __context_tracking_enter.part.2
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> > function:             __vtime_account_system <-- vtime_user_enter
> > hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109:
> > function:             account_system_time <-- __vtime_account_system
> > 
> > On entering the kernel due to a timer interrupt, vtime_account_user()
> > skips user-time accounting. Then later on when returning to user-
> > space,
> > vtime_user_enter() is probably accounting the whole time (ie. user-
> > space
> > plus kernel-space) to system time.
> > 
> > Now, when does vtime_account_user() skips accounting? Well, when the
> > time delta is less then one jiffie. This would imply that
> > vtime_account_user()
> > is being called less than one jiffie since the last accounting, but I
> > haven't
> > confirmed any of this yet.
> 
> Jiffies should be advanced by the timer interrupt, on the
> housekeeping CPU, which is not doing context tracking.
> 
> Why is the isolated/nohz_full CPU receiving timer interrupts
> at all?
> 
> I thought it would not, but obviously I am wrong. What is
> going on here?

This thread sounds awful familiar to me.

With CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y && CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN=y I observed process
accounting anomalies with user CPU time being misaccounted as system time all
the way back to 4.6.0.

After switching to CONFIG_NO_HZ_IDLE=y && CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN=n the
issues went away.

The lkml thread I had seen at that time which compelled me to suspect these
settings was this:
http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1608.2/05860.html

It sounds like this issue is finally beginning to be understood though, good
work!

Regards,
Vito Caputo

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#1608072

FromWanpeng Li <kernellwp@gmail.com>
Date2017-03-24 03:00 +0100
Message-ID<tomGe-2CL-19@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1607903
2017-03-24 4:55 GMT+08:00 Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>:
>
> When there are two or more tasks executing in user-space and
> taking 100% of a nohz_full CPU, top reports 70% system time
> and 30% user time utilization. Sometimes I'm even able to get
> 100% system time and 0% user time.
>
> This was reproduced with latest Linus tree (093b995), but I
> don't believe it's a regression (at least not a recent one)
> as I can reproduce it with older kernels. Also, I have
> CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING=y and haven't tried to reproduce
> without it yet.
>
> Below you'll find the steps to reproduce and some initial
> analysis.
>
> Steps to reproduce
> ------------------
>
> 1. Set up a CPU for nohz_full with isolcpus= nohz_full=
>
> 2. Pin two tasks that hog the CPU 100% of the time to that CPU
>
> 3. Run top -d1 and check system time
>
> NOTE: When there's only one task hogging a nohz_full CPU, top
>       shows 100% user-time, as expected

I just saw at most 12% system time instead of 30% or 100%. Could you
grep HZ /boot/config-`uname -r` and post here?

Regards,
Wanpeng Li

>
> Initial analysis
> ----------------
>
> When tracing vtime accounting functions and the user-space/kernel
> transitions when the issue is taking place, I see several of the
> following:
>
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711104: function:             enter_from_user_mode <-- apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: function:             __context_tracking_exit <-- enter_from_user_mode
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: bprint:               __context_tracking_exit.part.4: new state=1 cur state=1 active=1
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: function:             vtime_account_user <-- __context_tracking_exit.part.4
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: function:             smp_apic_timer_interrupt <-- apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             irq_enter <-- smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             tick_sched_timer <-- __hrtimer_run_queues
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: function:             irq_exit <-- smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: function:             __context_tracking_enter <-- prepare_exit_to_usermode
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: bprint:               __context_tracking_enter.part.2: new state=1 cur state=0 active=1
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             vtime_user_enter <-- __context_tracking_enter.part.2
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             __vtime_account_system <-- vtime_user_enter
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             account_system_time <-- __vtime_account_system
>
> On entering the kernel due to a timer interrupt, vtime_account_user()
> skips user-time accounting. Then later on when returning to user-space,
> vtime_user_enter() is probably accounting the whole time (ie. user-space
> plus kernel-space) to system time.
>
> Now, when does vtime_account_user() skips accounting? Well, when the
> time delta is less then one jiffie. This would imply that vtime_account_user()
> is being called less than one jiffie since the last accounting, but I haven't
> confirmed any of this yet.

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#1609427

FromWanpeng Li <kernellwp@gmail.com>
Date2017-03-27 04:00 +0200
Message-ID<tps6R-hZ-3@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1607903
2017-03-24 4:55 GMT+08:00 Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>:
>
> When there are two or more tasks executing in user-space and
> taking 100% of a nohz_full CPU, top reports 70% system time
> and 30% user time utilization. Sometimes I'm even able to get
> 100% system time and 0% user time.
>
> This was reproduced with latest Linus tree (093b995), but I
> don't believe it's a regression (at least not a recent one)
> as I can reproduce it with older kernels. Also, I have
> CONFIG_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING=y and haven't tried to reproduce
> without it yet.
>
> Below you'll find the steps to reproduce and some initial
> analysis.
>
> Steps to reproduce
> ------------------
>
> 1. Set up a CPU for nohz_full with isolcpus= nohz_full=
>
> 2. Pin two tasks that hog the CPU 100% of the time to that CPU
>
> 3. Run top -d1 and check system time
>
> NOTE: When there's only one task hogging a nohz_full CPU, top
>       shows 100% user-time, as expected
>
> Initial analysis
> ----------------
>
> When tracing vtime accounting functions and the user-space/kernel
> transitions when the issue is taking place, I see several of the
> following:
>
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711104: function:             enter_from_user_mode <-- apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: function:             __context_tracking_exit <-- enter_from_user_mode
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: bprint:               __context_tracking_exit.part.4: new state=1 cur state=1 active=1
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: function:             vtime_account_user <-- __context_tracking_exit.part.4
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711105: function:             smp_apic_timer_interrupt <-- apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             irq_enter <-- smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711106: function:             tick_sched_timer <-- __hrtimer_run_queues
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: function:             irq_exit <-- smp_apic_timer_interrupt
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: function:             __context_tracking_enter <-- prepare_exit_to_usermode
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711108: bprint:               __context_tracking_enter.part.2: new state=1 cur state=0 active=1
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             vtime_user_enter <-- __context_tracking_enter.part.2
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             __vtime_account_system <-- vtime_user_enter
> hog-10552 [015]  1132.711109: function:             account_system_time <-- __vtime_account_system
>
> On entering the kernel due to a timer interrupt, vtime_account_user()
> skips user-time accounting. Then later on when returning to user-space,
> vtime_user_enter() is probably accounting the whole time (ie. user-space
> plus kernel-space) to system time.

Actually after I bisect, the first bad commit is ff9a9b4c4334 ("sched,
time: Switch VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING_GEN to jiffy granularity"). The bug
can be reproduced readily if CONFIG_CONTEXT_TRACKING_FORCE is true,
then just stress all the online cpus or just one cpu and leave others
idle(so it stresses the global timekeeping one), top show 100%
sys-time. And another way to reproduce it is by nohz_full, and gives
the stress to the house keeping cpu, the top show 100% sys-time of the
house keeping cpu, and also the other cpus who have at least two tasks
running on and in full_nohz mode.

Let's consider the cpu which has responsibility for the global
timekeeping, as the tracing posted above, the vtime_account_user() is
called before tick_sched_timer() which will update jiffies, so jiffies
is stale in vtime_account_user() and the run time in userspace is
skipped, the vtime_user_enter() is called after jiffies update, so
both the time in userspace and in  kernel are accumulated to sys time.
If the housekeeping cpu is idle when CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL, everything is
fine. However, if you give stress to the housekeeping cpu, top will
show 100% sys-time of both the housekeeping cpu and the other cpus who
have at least two tasks running on and in full_nohz mode. I think it
is because the stress delays the timer interrupt handling in some
degree, then the jiffies is not updated timely before other cpus
access it in vtime_account_user().

I think we can keep syscalls/exceptions context tracking still in
jiffies based sampling and utilize local_clock() in vtime_delta()
again for irqs which avoids jiffies stale influence. I can make a
patch if the idea is acceptable or there is any better proposal. :)

Regards,
Wanpeng Li

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