Groups | Search | Server Info | Keyboard shortcuts | Login | Register [http] [https] [nntp] [nntps]

Groups > linux.kernel > #1268521 > unrolled thread

[PATCH 0/(8+2)] MIPS: IEEE Std 754-2008 features

Started by"Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com>
First post2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
Last post2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
Articles 6 — 1 participant

Back to article view | Back to linux.kernel

Contents

  [PATCH 0/(8+2)] MIPS: IEEE Std 754-2008 features "Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com> - 2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
    [PATCH 4/8] MIPS: math-emu: Add IEEE Std 754-2008 NaN encoding  emulation "Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com> - 2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
    [PATCH 2/8] MIPS: Define the legacy-NaN and 2008-NaN features "Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com> - 2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
    [PATCH 7/8] MIPS: Determine the presence of IEEE Std 754-2008  features "Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com> - 2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
    [PATCH] MIPS: math-emu: Always propagate sNaN payload in quieting "Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com> - 2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
    [PATCH 6/8] MIPS: ELF: Interpret the NAN2008 file header flag "Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com> - 2015-11-13 01:50 +0100

#1268521 — [PATCH 0/(8+2)] MIPS: IEEE Std 754-2008 features

From"Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com>
Date2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
Subject[PATCH 0/(8+2)] MIPS: IEEE Std 754-2008 features
Message-ID<quaIV-7Mk-3@gated-at.bofh.it>
Hi,

 As many of you have been aware it has been a long practice for software
using IEEE 754 floating-point arithmetic run on MIPS processors to use an
encoding of Not-a-Number (NaN) data different to one used by software run
on other processors.  And as of IEEE 754-2008 revision [1] this encoding
does not follow one recommended in the standard, as specified in section
6.2.1, where it is stated that quiet NaNs should have the first bit (d1)
of their significand set to 1 while signalling NaNs should have that bit
set to 0, but MIPS software interprets the two bits in the opposite
manner.

 As from revision 3.50 [2][3] the MIPS Architecture provides for 
processors that support the IEEE 754-2008 preferred NaN encoding format. 
As the two formats (further referred to as "legacy NaN" and "2008 NaN") 
are incompatible to each other, the run-time environment has to provide 
support for the two formats to help people avoid using incompatible binary 
modules.  Here is the Linux kernel part.

 These are 8 changes comprising the actual feature and a set of 2 extra 
patches -- a code structure clean-up for ELF personality macros, and a 
proposal to make sNaN bit pattern propagation more in line with the 
current version of the said standard even for legacy-NaN implementations.

 The complementing glibc dynamic loader part has been posted here: 
<http://sourceware.org/ml/libc-ports/2013-09/msg00048.html> and included 
in FSF glibc <git://sourceware.org/git/glibc.git> with commit 9c21573c.

 References:

[1] "IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic", IEEE Computer Society,
    IEEE Std 754-2008, 29 August 2008

[2] "MIPS Architecture For Programmers, Volume I-A: Introduction to the
    MIPS32 Architecture", MIPS Technologies, Inc., Document Number:
    MD00082, Revision 3.50, September 20, 2012

[3] "MIPS Architecture For Programmers, Volume I-A: Introduction to the
    MIPS64 Architecture", MIPS Technologies, Inc., Document Number:
    MD00083, Revision 3.50, September 20, 2012

  Maciej
--
To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in
the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
Please read the FAQ at  http://www.tux.org/lkml/

[toc] | [next] | [standalone]

#1268522 — [PATCH 4/8] MIPS: math-emu: Add IEEE Std 754-2008 NaN encoding emulation

From"Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com>
Date2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
Subject[PATCH 4/8] MIPS: math-emu: Add IEEE Std 754-2008 NaN encoding emulation
Message-ID<quaIX-7Mk-25@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1268521
Implement IEEE Std 754-2008 NaN encoding wired to the state of the 
FCSR.NAN2008 bit.  Make the interpretation of the quiet bit in NaN data 
as follows:

* in the legacy mode originally defined by the MIPS architecture the 
  value of 1 denotes an sNaN whereas the value of 0 denotes a qNaN,

* in the 2008 mode introduced with revision 5 of the MIPS architecture 
  the value of 0 denotes an sNaN whereas the value of 1 denotes a qNaN, 
  following the definition of the preferred NaN encoding introduced with 
  IEEE Std 754-2008.

In the 2008 mode, following the requirement of the said standard, quiet 
an sNaN where needed by setting the quiet bit to 1 and leaving all the 
NaN payload bits unchanged.

Update format conversion operations according to the rules set by IEEE 
Std 754-2008 and the MIPS architecture.  Specifically:

* propagate NaN payload bits through conversions between floating-point 
  formats such that as much information as possible is preserved and 
  specifically a conversion from a narrower format to a wider format and 
  then back to the original format does not change a qNaN payload in any 
  way,

* conversions from a floating-point to an integer format where the 
  source is a NaN, infinity or a value that would convert to an integer 
  outside the range of the result format produce, under the default 
  exception handling, the respective values defined by the MIPS 
  architecture.

In full FPU emulation set the FIR.HAS2008 bit to 1, however do not make 
any further FCSR bits writable.

Signed-off-by: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@imgtec.com>
---
linux-mips-emu-nan2008.diff
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/kernel/cpu-probe.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/kernel/cpu-probe.c	2015-09-04 21:34:10.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/kernel/cpu-probe.c	2015-09-04 21:35:56.582838000 +0100
@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@ static void cpu_set_nofpu_id(struct cpui
 	if (c->isa_level & (MIPS_CPU_ISA_M32R2 | MIPS_CPU_ISA_M64R2 |
 			    MIPS_CPU_ISA_M32R6 | MIPS_CPU_ISA_M64R6))
 		value |= MIPS_FPIR_F64 | MIPS_FPIR_L | MIPS_FPIR_W;
+	if (c->options & MIPS_CPU_NAN_2008)
+		value |= MIPS_FPIR_HAS2008;
 	c->fpu_id = value;
 }
 
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/dp_tint.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/dp_tint.c	2015-04-08 16:56:50.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/dp_tint.c	2015-09-04 21:35:56.587767000 +0100
@@ -38,10 +38,13 @@ int ieee754dp_tint(union ieee754dp x)
 	switch (xc) {
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_SNAN:
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_QNAN:
-	case IEEE754_CLASS_INF:
 		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
 		return ieee754si_indef();
 
+	case IEEE754_CLASS_INF:
+		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
+		return ieee754si_overflow(xs);
+
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_ZERO:
 		return 0;
 
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ int ieee754dp_tint(union ieee754dp x)
 		/* Set invalid. We will only use overflow for floating
 		   point overflow */
 		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-		return ieee754si_indef();
+		return ieee754si_overflow(xs);
 	}
 	/* oh gawd */
 	if (xe > DP_FBITS) {
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ int ieee754dp_tint(union ieee754dp x)
 		if ((xm >> 31) != 0 && (xs == 0 || xm != 0x80000000)) {
 			/* This can happen after rounding */
 			ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-			return ieee754si_indef();
+			return ieee754si_overflow(xs);
 		}
 		if (round || sticky)
 			ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INEXACT);
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/dp_tlong.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/dp_tlong.c	2015-04-08 16:56:50.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/dp_tlong.c	2015-09-04 21:35:56.589811000 +0100
@@ -38,10 +38,13 @@ s64 ieee754dp_tlong(union ieee754dp x)
 	switch (xc) {
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_SNAN:
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_QNAN:
-	case IEEE754_CLASS_INF:
 		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
 		return ieee754di_indef();
 
+	case IEEE754_CLASS_INF:
+		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
+		return ieee754di_overflow(xs);
+
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_ZERO:
 		return 0;
 
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ s64 ieee754dp_tlong(union ieee754dp x)
 		/* Set invalid. We will only use overflow for floating
 		   point overflow */
 		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-		return ieee754di_indef();
+		return ieee754di_overflow(xs);
 	}
 	/* oh gawd */
 	if (xe > DP_FBITS) {
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ s64 ieee754dp_tlong(union ieee754dp x)
 		if ((xm >> 63) != 0) {
 			/* This can happen after rounding */
 			ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-			return ieee754di_indef();
+			return ieee754di_overflow(xs);
 		}
 		if (round || sticky)
 			ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INEXACT);
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754.c	2015-04-08 16:56:50.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754.c	2015-09-04 21:35:56.592775000 +0100
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ const union ieee754dp __ieee754dp_spcval
 	DPCNST(1, 3,           0x4000000000000ULL),	/* - 10.0   */
 	DPCNST(0, DP_EMAX + 1, 0x0000000000000ULL),	/* + infinity */
 	DPCNST(1, DP_EMAX + 1, 0x0000000000000ULL),	/* - infinity */
-	DPCNST(0, DP_EMAX + 1, 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFULL),	/* + indef quiet Nan */
+	DPCNST(0, DP_EMAX + 1, 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFULL),	/* + ind legacy qNaN */
+	DPCNST(0, DP_EMAX + 1, 0x8000000000000ULL),	/* + indef 2008 qNaN */
 	DPCNST(0, DP_EMAX,     0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL),	/* + max */
 	DPCNST(1, DP_EMAX,     0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL),	/* - max */
 	DPCNST(0, DP_EMIN,     0x0000000000000ULL),	/* + min normal */
@@ -82,7 +83,8 @@ const union ieee754sp __ieee754sp_spcval
 	SPCNST(1, 3,	       0x200000),	/* - 10.0   */
 	SPCNST(0, SP_EMAX + 1, 0x000000),	/* + infinity */
 	SPCNST(1, SP_EMAX + 1, 0x000000),	/* - infinity */
-	SPCNST(0, SP_EMAX + 1, 0x3FFFFF),	/* + indef quiet Nan  */
+	SPCNST(0, SP_EMAX + 1, 0x3FFFFF),	/* + indef legacy quiet NaN */
+	SPCNST(0, SP_EMAX + 1, 0x400000),	/* + indef 2008 quiet NaN */
 	SPCNST(0, SP_EMAX,     0x7FFFFF),	/* + max normal */
 	SPCNST(1, SP_EMAX,     0x7FFFFF),	/* - max normal */
 	SPCNST(0, SP_EMIN,     0x000000),	/* + min normal */
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754.h
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754.h	2015-09-04 19:19:07.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754.h	2015-09-04 21:35:56.594791000 +0100
@@ -221,15 +221,16 @@ union ieee754dp ieee754dp_dump(char *s, 
 #define IEEE754_SPCVAL_NTEN		5	/* -10.0 */
 #define IEEE754_SPCVAL_PINFINITY	6	/* +inf */
 #define IEEE754_SPCVAL_NINFINITY	7	/* -inf */
-#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_INDEF		8	/* quiet NaN */
-#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMAX		9	/* +max norm */
-#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_NMAX		10	/* -max norm */
-#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMIN		11	/* +min norm */
-#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_NMIN		12	/* -min norm */
-#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMIND		13	/* +min denorm */
-#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_NMIND		14	/* -min denorm */
-#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_P1E31		15	/* + 1.0e31 */
-#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_P1E63		16	/* + 1.0e63 */
+#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_INDEF_LEG	8	/* legacy quiet NaN */
+#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_INDEF_2008	9	/* IEEE 754-2008 quiet NaN */
+#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMAX		10	/* +max norm */
+#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_NMAX		11	/* -max norm */
+#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMIN		12	/* +min norm */
+#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_NMIN		13	/* -min norm */
+#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMIND		14	/* +min denorm */
+#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_NMIND		15	/* -min denorm */
+#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_P1E31		16	/* + 1.0e31 */
+#define IEEE754_SPCVAL_P1E63		17	/* + 1.0e63 */
 
 extern const union ieee754dp __ieee754dp_spcvals[];
 extern const union ieee754sp __ieee754sp_spcvals[];
@@ -243,7 +244,8 @@ extern const union ieee754sp __ieee754sp
 #define ieee754dp_zero(sn)	(ieee754dp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PZERO+(sn)])
 #define ieee754dp_one(sn)	(ieee754dp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PONE+(sn)])
 #define ieee754dp_ten(sn)	(ieee754dp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PTEN+(sn)])
-#define ieee754dp_indef()	(ieee754dp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_INDEF])
+#define ieee754dp_indef()	(ieee754dp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_INDEF_LEG + \
+						   ieee754_csr.nan2008])
 #define ieee754dp_max(sn)	(ieee754dp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMAX+(sn)])
 #define ieee754dp_min(sn)	(ieee754dp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMIN+(sn)])
 #define ieee754dp_mind(sn)	(ieee754dp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMIND+(sn)])
@@ -254,7 +256,8 @@ extern const union ieee754sp __ieee754sp
 #define ieee754sp_zero(sn)	(ieee754sp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PZERO+(sn)])
 #define ieee754sp_one(sn)	(ieee754sp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PONE+(sn)])
 #define ieee754sp_ten(sn)	(ieee754sp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PTEN+(sn)])
-#define ieee754sp_indef()	(ieee754sp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_INDEF])
+#define ieee754sp_indef()	(ieee754sp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_INDEF_LEG + \
+						   ieee754_csr.nan2008])
 #define ieee754sp_max(sn)	(ieee754sp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMAX+(sn)])
 #define ieee754sp_min(sn)	(ieee754sp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMIN+(sn)])
 #define ieee754sp_mind(sn)	(ieee754sp_spcvals[IEEE754_SPCVAL_PMIND+(sn)])
@@ -266,12 +269,25 @@ extern const union ieee754sp __ieee754sp
  */
 static inline int ieee754si_indef(void)
 {
-	return INT_MAX;
+	return ieee754_csr.nan2008 ? 0 : INT_MAX;
 }
 
 static inline s64 ieee754di_indef(void)
 {
-	return S64_MAX;
+	return ieee754_csr.nan2008 ? 0 : S64_MAX;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Overflow integer value
+ */
+static inline int ieee754si_overflow(int xs)
+{
+	return ieee754_csr.nan2008 && xs ? INT_MIN : INT_MAX;
+}
+
+static inline s64 ieee754di_overflow(int xs)
+{
+	return ieee754_csr.nan2008 && xs ? S64_MIN : S64_MAX;
 }
 
 /* result types for xctx.rt */
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754dp.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754dp.c	2015-04-08 16:56:50.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754dp.c	2015-09-04 21:35:56.597771000 +0100
@@ -37,8 +37,11 @@ static inline int ieee754dp_isnan(union 
 
 static inline int ieee754dp_issnan(union ieee754dp x)
 {
+	int qbit;
+
 	assert(ieee754dp_isnan(x));
-	return (DPMANT(x) & DP_MBIT(DP_FBITS - 1)) == DP_MBIT(DP_FBITS - 1);
+	qbit = (DPMANT(x) & DP_MBIT(DP_FBITS - 1)) == DP_MBIT(DP_FBITS - 1);
+	return ieee754_csr.nan2008 ^ qbit;
 }
 
 
@@ -51,7 +54,12 @@ union ieee754dp __cold ieee754dp_nanxcpt
 	assert(ieee754dp_issnan(r));
 
 	ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-	return ieee754dp_indef();
+	if (ieee754_csr.nan2008)
+		DPMANT(r) |= DP_MBIT(DP_FBITS - 1);
+	else
+		r = ieee754dp_indef();
+
+	return r;
 }
 
 static u64 ieee754dp_get_rounding(int sn, u64 xm)
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754int.h
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754int.h	2015-09-04 19:19:07.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754int.h	2015-09-04 21:35:56.599789000 +0100
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ static inline int ieee754_class_nan(int 
 	if (ve == SP_EMAX+1+SP_EBIAS) {					\
 		if (vm == 0)						\
 			vc = IEEE754_CLASS_INF;				\
-		else if (vm & SP_MBIT(SP_FBITS-1))			\
-			vc = IEEE754_CLASS_SNAN;			\
-		else							\
+		else if (ieee754_csr.nan2008 ^ !(vm & SP_MBIT(SP_FBITS - 1))) \
 			vc = IEEE754_CLASS_QNAN;			\
+		else							\
+			vc = IEEE754_CLASS_SNAN;			\
 	} else if (ve == SP_EMIN-1+SP_EBIAS) {				\
 		if (vm) {						\
 			ve = SP_EMIN;					\
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ static inline int ieee754_class_nan(int 
 	if (ve == DP_EMAX+1+DP_EBIAS) {					\
 		if (vm == 0)						\
 			vc = IEEE754_CLASS_INF;				\
-		else if (vm & DP_MBIT(DP_FBITS-1))			\
-			vc = IEEE754_CLASS_SNAN;			\
-		else							\
+		else if (ieee754_csr.nan2008 ^ !(vm & DP_MBIT(DP_FBITS - 1))) \
 			vc = IEEE754_CLASS_QNAN;			\
+		else							\
+			vc = IEEE754_CLASS_SNAN;			\
 	} else if (ve == DP_EMIN-1+DP_EBIAS) {				\
 		if (vm) {						\
 			ve = DP_EMIN;					\
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754sp.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754sp.c	2015-04-08 16:56:50.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754sp.c	2015-09-04 21:35:56.602775000 +0100
@@ -37,8 +37,11 @@ static inline int ieee754sp_isnan(union 
 
 static inline int ieee754sp_issnan(union ieee754sp x)
 {
+	int qbit;
+
 	assert(ieee754sp_isnan(x));
-	return SPMANT(x) & SP_MBIT(SP_FBITS - 1);
+	qbit = (SPMANT(x) & SP_MBIT(SP_FBITS - 1)) == SP_MBIT(SP_FBITS - 1);
+	return ieee754_csr.nan2008 ^ qbit;
 }
 
 
@@ -51,7 +54,12 @@ union ieee754sp __cold ieee754sp_nanxcpt
 	assert(ieee754sp_issnan(r));
 
 	ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-	return ieee754sp_indef();
+	if (ieee754_csr.nan2008)
+		SPMANT(r) |= SP_MBIT(SP_FBITS - 1);
+	else
+		r = ieee754sp_indef();
+
+	return r;
 }
 
 static unsigned ieee754sp_get_rounding(int sn, unsigned xm)
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/sp_fdp.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/sp_fdp.c	2015-04-08 16:56:50.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/sp_fdp.c	2015-09-04 21:35:56.604814000 +0100
@@ -44,13 +44,16 @@ union ieee754sp ieee754sp_fdp(union ieee
 
 	switch (xc) {
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_SNAN:
-		return ieee754sp_nanxcpt(ieee754sp_nan_fdp(xs, xm));
-
+		x = ieee754dp_nanxcpt(x);
+		EXPLODEXDP;
+		/* Fall through.  */
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_QNAN:
 		y = ieee754sp_nan_fdp(xs, xm);
-		EXPLODEYSP;
-		if (!ieee754_class_nan(yc))
-			y = ieee754sp_indef();
+		if (!ieee754_csr.nan2008) {
+			EXPLODEYSP;
+			if (!ieee754_class_nan(yc))
+				y = ieee754sp_indef();
+		}
 		return y;
 
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_INF:
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/sp_tint.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/sp_tint.c	2015-04-08 16:56:50.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/sp_tint.c	2015-09-04 21:35:56.607763000 +0100
@@ -38,10 +38,13 @@ int ieee754sp_tint(union ieee754sp x)
 	switch (xc) {
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_SNAN:
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_QNAN:
-	case IEEE754_CLASS_INF:
 		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
 		return ieee754si_indef();
 
+	case IEEE754_CLASS_INF:
+		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
+		return ieee754si_overflow(xs);
+
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_ZERO:
 		return 0;
 
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@ int ieee754sp_tint(union ieee754sp x)
 		/* Set invalid. We will only use overflow for floating
 		   point overflow */
 		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-		return ieee754si_indef();
+		return ieee754si_overflow(xs);
 	}
 	/* oh gawd */
 	if (xe > SP_FBITS) {
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ int ieee754sp_tint(union ieee754sp x)
 		if ((xm >> 31) != 0) {
 			/* This can happen after rounding */
 			ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-			return ieee754si_indef();
+			return ieee754si_overflow(xs);
 		}
 		if (round || sticky)
 			ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INEXACT);
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/sp_tlong.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/sp_tlong.c	2015-04-08 16:56:50.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/math-emu/sp_tlong.c	2015-09-04 21:35:56.609788000 +0100
@@ -39,10 +39,13 @@ s64 ieee754sp_tlong(union ieee754sp x)
 	switch (xc) {
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_SNAN:
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_QNAN:
-	case IEEE754_CLASS_INF:
 		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
 		return ieee754di_indef();
 
+	case IEEE754_CLASS_INF:
+		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
+		return ieee754di_overflow(xs);
+
 	case IEEE754_CLASS_ZERO:
 		return 0;
 
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ s64 ieee754sp_tlong(union ieee754sp x)
 		/* Set invalid. We will only use overflow for floating
 		   point overflow */
 		ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-		return ieee754di_indef();
+		return ieee754di_overflow(xs);
 	}
 	/* oh gawd */
 	if (xe > SP_FBITS) {
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ s64 ieee754sp_tlong(union ieee754sp x)
 		if ((xm >> 63) != 0) {
 			/* This can happen after rounding */
 			ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-			return ieee754di_indef();
+			return ieee754di_overflow(xs);
 		}
 		if (round || sticky)
 			ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INEXACT);
--
To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in
the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
Please read the FAQ at  http://www.tux.org/lkml/

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]

#1268524 — [PATCH 2/8] MIPS: Define the legacy-NaN and 2008-NaN features

From"Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com>
Date2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
Subject[PATCH 2/8] MIPS: Define the legacy-NaN and 2008-NaN features
Message-ID<quaIX-7Mk-37@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1268521
Allocate CPU option bits and define macros for the legacy-NaN and 
2008-NaN IEEE Std 754 MIPS architecture features.  Unconditionally mark 
the legacy-NaN feature as present across hardware and emulated 
floating-point configurations.

Signed-off-by: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@imgtec.com>
---
linux-mips-nan-legacy.diff
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/include/asm/cpu-features.h
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/include/asm/cpu-features.h	2015-10-07 19:33:20.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/include/asm/cpu-features.h	2015-10-07 20:48:14.828556000 +0100
@@ -414,4 +414,11 @@
 # define cpu_has_small_pages	(cpu_data[0].options & MIPS_CPU_SP)
 #endif
 
+#ifndef cpu_has_nan_legacy
+#define cpu_has_nan_legacy	(cpu_data[0].options & MIPS_CPU_NAN_LEGACY)
+#endif
+#ifndef cpu_has_nan_2008
+#define cpu_has_nan_2008	(cpu_data[0].options & MIPS_CPU_NAN_2008)
+#endif
+
 #endif /* __ASM_CPU_FEATURES_H */
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/include/asm/cpu.h
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/include/asm/cpu.h	2015-10-07 19:33:20.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/include/asm/cpu.h	2015-10-07 20:48:14.831542000 +0100
@@ -386,6 +386,8 @@ enum cpu_type_enum {
 #define MIPS_CPU_BP_GHIST	0x8000000000ull /* R12K+ Branch Prediction Global History */
 #define MIPS_CPU_SP		0x10000000000ull /* Small (1KB) page support */
 #define MIPS_CPU_FTLB		0x20000000000ull /* CPU has Fixed-page-size TLB */
+#define MIPS_CPU_NAN_LEGACY	0x40000000000ull /* Legacy NaN implemented */
+#define MIPS_CPU_NAN_2008	0x80000000000ull /* 2008 NaN implemented */
 
 /*
  * CPU ASE encodings
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/kernel/cpu-probe.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/kernel/cpu-probe.c	2015-10-07 19:33:20.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/kernel/cpu-probe.c	2015-10-07 20:48:14.836528000 +0100
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ static void cpu_set_fpu_opts(struct cpui
 	}
 
 	cpu_set_fpu_fcsr_mask(c);
+	c->options |= MIPS_CPU_NAN_LEGACY;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ static void cpu_set_nofpu_opts(struct cp
 	c->options &= ~MIPS_CPU_FPU;
 	c->fpu_msk31 = mips_nofpu_msk31;
 
+	c->options |= MIPS_CPU_NAN_LEGACY;
 	cpu_set_nofpu_id(c);
 }
 
--
To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in
the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
Please read the FAQ at  http://www.tux.org/lkml/

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]

#1268525 — [PATCH 7/8] MIPS: Determine the presence of IEEE Std 754-2008 features

From"Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com>
Date2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
Subject[PATCH 7/8] MIPS: Determine the presence of IEEE Std 754-2008 features
Message-ID<quaIX-7Mk-47@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1268521
Determine the presence of and the amount of control available over IEEE 
Std 754-2008 features.

In the case of a hardware FPU being used examine the FIR register for 
the presence of the HAS2008 bit and then the FCSR register for the 
writability of the ABS2008 and NAN2008 bits and the hardwired state of 
each of these bits if read-only.  Update the initial FCSR contents used 
for threads and the FCSR writability mask accordingly.

For full FPU emulation and MIPS32 or MIPS64 processors make the FCSR 
ABS2008 and NAN2008 bits writable.

Signed-off-by: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@imgtec.com>
---
linux-mips-cpu-nan2008.diff
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/kernel/cpu-probe.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/kernel/cpu-probe.c	2015-09-04 21:35:56.582838000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/kernel/cpu-probe.c	2015-09-04 21:36:39.738114000 +0100
@@ -99,6 +99,78 @@ static inline void cpu_set_fpu_fcsr_mask
 }
 
 /*
+ * Determine the IEEE 754 NaN encodings and ABS.fmt/NEG.fmt execution modes
+ * supported by FPU hardware.
+ */
+static void cpu_set_fpu_2008(struct cpuinfo_mips *c)
+{
+	if (c->isa_level & (MIPS_CPU_ISA_M32R1 | MIPS_CPU_ISA_M64R1 |
+			    MIPS_CPU_ISA_M32R2 | MIPS_CPU_ISA_M64R2 |
+			    MIPS_CPU_ISA_M32R6 | MIPS_CPU_ISA_M64R6)) {
+		unsigned long sr, fir, fcsr, fcsr0, fcsr1;
+
+		sr = read_c0_status();
+		__enable_fpu(FPU_AS_IS);
+
+		fir = read_32bit_cp1_register(CP1_REVISION);
+		if (fir & MIPS_FPIR_HAS2008) {
+			fcsr = read_32bit_cp1_register(CP1_STATUS);
+
+			fcsr0 = fcsr & ~(FPU_CSR_ABS2008 | FPU_CSR_NAN2008);
+			write_32bit_cp1_register(CP1_STATUS, fcsr0);
+			fcsr0 = read_32bit_cp1_register(CP1_STATUS);
+
+			fcsr1 = fcsr | FPU_CSR_ABS2008 | FPU_CSR_NAN2008;
+			write_32bit_cp1_register(CP1_STATUS, fcsr1);
+			fcsr1 = read_32bit_cp1_register(CP1_STATUS);
+
+			write_32bit_cp1_register(CP1_STATUS, fcsr);
+
+			if (!(fcsr0 & FPU_CSR_NAN2008))
+				c->options |= MIPS_CPU_NAN_LEGACY;
+			if (fcsr1 & FPU_CSR_NAN2008)
+				c->options |= MIPS_CPU_NAN_2008;
+
+			if ((fcsr0 ^ fcsr1) & FPU_CSR_ABS2008)
+				c->fpu_msk31 &= ~FPU_CSR_ABS2008;
+			else
+				c->fpu_csr31 |= fcsr & FPU_CSR_ABS2008;
+
+			if ((fcsr0 ^ fcsr1) & FPU_CSR_NAN2008)
+				c->fpu_msk31 &= ~FPU_CSR_NAN2008;
+			else
+				c->fpu_csr31 |= fcsr & FPU_CSR_NAN2008;
+		} else {
+			c->options |= MIPS_CPU_NAN_LEGACY;
+		}
+
+		write_c0_status(sr);
+	} else {
+		c->options |= MIPS_CPU_NAN_LEGACY;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set the IEEE 754 NaN encodings and ABS.fmt/NEG.fmt execution modes
+ * for the FPU emulator.  Clear the flags where required in case called
+ * from `fpu_disable', to override details obtained from FPU hardware.
+ */
+static void cpu_set_nofpu_2008(struct cpuinfo_mips *c)
+{
+	c->fpu_csr31 &= ~(FPU_CSR_ABS2008 | FPU_CSR_NAN2008);
+	if (c->isa_level & (MIPS_CPU_ISA_M32R1 | MIPS_CPU_ISA_M64R1 |
+			    MIPS_CPU_ISA_M32R2 | MIPS_CPU_ISA_M64R2 |
+			    MIPS_CPU_ISA_M32R6 | MIPS_CPU_ISA_M64R6)) {
+		c->options |= MIPS_CPU_NAN_2008 | MIPS_CPU_NAN_LEGACY;
+		c->fpu_msk31 &= ~(FPU_CSR_ABS2008 | FPU_CSR_NAN2008);
+	} else {
+		c->options &= ~MIPS_CPU_NAN_2008;
+		c->options |= MIPS_CPU_NAN_LEGACY;
+		c->fpu_msk31 |= FPU_CSR_ABS2008 | FPU_CSR_NAN2008;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * Set the FIR feature flags for the FPU emulator.
  */
 static void cpu_set_nofpu_id(struct cpuinfo_mips *c)
@@ -139,7 +211,7 @@ static void cpu_set_fpu_opts(struct cpui
 	}
 
 	cpu_set_fpu_fcsr_mask(c);
-	c->options |= MIPS_CPU_NAN_LEGACY;
+	cpu_set_fpu_2008(c);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -150,7 +222,7 @@ static void cpu_set_nofpu_opts(struct cp
 	c->options &= ~MIPS_CPU_FPU;
 	c->fpu_msk31 = mips_nofpu_msk31;
 
-	c->options |= MIPS_CPU_NAN_LEGACY;
+	cpu_set_nofpu_2008(c);
 	cpu_set_nofpu_id(c);
 }
 
--
To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in
the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
Please read the FAQ at  http://www.tux.org/lkml/

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]

#1268526 — [PATCH] MIPS: math-emu: Always propagate sNaN payload in quieting

From"Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com>
Date2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
Subject[PATCH] MIPS: math-emu: Always propagate sNaN payload in quieting
Message-ID<quaIX-7Mk-45@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1268521
Propagate sNaN payload in quieting in the legacy-NaN mode as well.  If 
clearing the quiet bit would produce infinity, then set the next lower 
trailing significand field bit, matching the SB-1 and BMIPS5000 hardware 
implementations.  Some other MIPS FPU hardware implementations do 
produce the default qNaN bit pattern instead.

This reverts some changes made for semantics preservation with commit 
dc3ddf42 [MIPS: math-emu: Update sNaN quieting handlers], consequently
bringing back most of the semantics from before commit fdffbafb [Lots of 
FPU bug fixes from Kjeld Borch Egevang.], except from the qNaN produced 
in the infinity case.  Previously the default qNaN bit pattern was 
produced in that case.

Signed-off-by: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@imgtec.com>
---
linux-mips-emu-snan-legacy.diff
Index: linux-sfr-perf132-malta-el/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754dp.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-perf132-malta-el.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754dp.c	2015-04-08 16:59:18.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-perf132-malta-el/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754dp.c	2015-04-08 17:05:29.233752000 +0100
@@ -54,10 +54,13 @@ union ieee754dp __cold ieee754dp_nanxcpt
 	assert(ieee754dp_issnan(r));
 
 	ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-	if (ieee754_csr.nan2008)
+	if (ieee754_csr.nan2008) {
 		DPMANT(r) |= DP_MBIT(DP_FBITS - 1);
-	else
-		r = ieee754dp_indef();
+	} else {
+		DPMANT(r) &= ~DP_MBIT(DP_FBITS - 1);
+		if (!ieee754dp_isnan(r))
+			DPMANT(r) |= DP_MBIT(DP_FBITS - 2);
+	}
 
 	return r;
 }
Index: linux-sfr-perf132-malta-el/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754sp.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-perf132-malta-el.orig/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754sp.c	2015-04-08 16:59:45.000000000 +0100
+++ linux-sfr-perf132-malta-el/arch/mips/math-emu/ieee754sp.c	2015-04-08 17:05:29.235752000 +0100
@@ -54,10 +54,13 @@ union ieee754sp __cold ieee754sp_nanxcpt
 	assert(ieee754sp_issnan(r));
 
 	ieee754_setcx(IEEE754_INVALID_OPERATION);
-	if (ieee754_csr.nan2008)
+	if (ieee754_csr.nan2008) {
 		SPMANT(r) |= SP_MBIT(SP_FBITS - 1);
-	else
-		r = ieee754sp_indef();
+	} else {
+		SPMANT(r) &= ~SP_MBIT(SP_FBITS - 1);
+		if (!ieee754sp_isnan(r))
+			SPMANT(r) |= SP_MBIT(SP_FBITS - 2);
+	}
 
 	return r;
 }
--
To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in
the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
Please read the FAQ at  http://www.tux.org/lkml/

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]

#1268527 — [PATCH 6/8] MIPS: ELF: Interpret the NAN2008 file header flag

From"Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@imgtec.com>
Date2015-11-13 01:50 +0100
Subject[PATCH 6/8] MIPS: ELF: Interpret the NAN2008 file header flag
Message-ID<quaIY-7Mk-51@gated-at.bofh.it>
In reply to#1268521
Handle the EF_MIPS_NAN2008 ELF file header flag and refuse execution 
where there is no support in the FPU for the NaN encoding mode requested 
by a binary invoked.  Ensure that the setting of the bit in the binary 
matches one in any intepreter used.  Set the thread's initial FCSR 
contents according to the value of the EF_MIPS_NAN2008.

Set the values of the FCSR ABS2008 and NAN2008 bits both to the same 
value if possible, to take the approach taken with existing FPU hardware 
into account.  As of now all implementations have both bits hardwired to 
the same value, that is both are fixed at 0 or both are fixed at 1, even 
though the architecture allows for implementations where the amount of 
control implemented with each of these two individual bits is 
independent of each other.

Signed-off-by: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@imgtec.com>
---
This change relies on <https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/7491081/> to 
work correctly for dynamic binaries, otherwise an opposite-mode 
interpreter will be incorrectly accepted, and worse yet enforce any 
additional shared binaries to have their NaN mode opposite to that of the 
main binary.  This will normally only happen for broken installations or 
incorrectly built binaries where PT_INTERP points to the wrong dynamic 
linker though.  Static binaries are unaffected.

linux-mips-elf-nan2008.diff
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/include/asm/elf.h
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/include/asm/elf.h	2015-11-11 02:20:02.099077000 +0000
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/include/asm/elf.h	2015-11-11 02:20:16.030180000 +0000
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <uapi/linux/elf.h>
 
-#include <asm/cpu-info.h>
 #include <asm/current.h>
 
 /* ELF header e_flags defines. */
@@ -44,6 +43,7 @@
 #define EF_MIPS_OPTIONS_FIRST	0x00000080
 #define EF_MIPS_32BITMODE	0x00000100
 #define EF_MIPS_FP64		0x00000200
+#define EF_MIPS_NAN2008		0x00000400
 #define EF_MIPS_ABI		0x0000f000
 #define EF_MIPS_ARCH		0xf0000000
 
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ do {									\
 									\
 	current->thread.abi = &mips_abi;				\
 									\
-	current->thread.fpu.fcr31 = boot_cpu_data.fpu_csr31;		\
+	mips_set_personality_nan(state);				\
 } while (0)
 
 #endif /* CONFIG_32BIT */
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ do {									\
 	else								\
 		current->thread.abi = &mips_abi;			\
 									\
-	current->thread.fpu.fcr31 = boot_cpu_data.fpu_csr31;		\
+	mips_set_personality_nan(state);				\
 									\
 	p = personality(current->personality);				\
 	if (p != PER_LINUX32 && p != PER_LINUX)				\
@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ extern int arch_setup_additional_pages(s
 				       int uses_interp);
 
 struct arch_elf_state {
+	int nan_2008;
 	int fp_abi;
 	int interp_fp_abi;
 	int overall_fp_mode;
@@ -440,6 +441,7 @@ struct arch_elf_state {
 #define MIPS_ABI_FP_UNKNOWN	(-1)	/* Unknown FP ABI (kernel internal) */
 
 #define INIT_ARCH_ELF_STATE {			\
+	.nan_2008 = -1,				\
 	.fp_abi = MIPS_ABI_FP_UNKNOWN,		\
 	.interp_fp_abi = MIPS_ABI_FP_UNKNOWN,	\
 	.overall_fp_mode = -1,			\
@@ -451,6 +453,7 @@ extern int arch_elf_pt_proc(void *ehdr, 
 extern int arch_check_elf(void *ehdr, bool has_interpreter, void *interp_ehdr,
 			  struct arch_elf_state *state);
 
+extern void mips_set_personality_nan(struct arch_elf_state *state);
 extern void mips_set_personality_fp(struct arch_elf_state *state);
 
 #endif /* _ASM_ELF_H */
Index: linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/kernel/elf.c
===================================================================
--- linux-sfr-test.orig/arch/mips/kernel/elf.c	2015-11-11 02:20:02.104077000 +0000
+++ linux-sfr-test/arch/mips/kernel/elf.c	2015-11-11 02:20:16.033179000 +0000
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include <linux/elf.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 
+#include <asm/cpu-info.h>
+
 /* FPU modes */
 enum {
 	FP_FRE,
@@ -135,6 +137,10 @@ int arch_check_elf(void *_ehdr, bool has
 		struct elf32_hdr e32;
 		struct elf64_hdr e64;
 	} *ehdr = _ehdr;
+	union {
+		struct elf32_hdr e32;
+		struct elf64_hdr e64;
+	} *iehdr = _interp_ehdr;
 	struct mode_req prog_req, interp_req;
 	int fp_abi, interp_fp_abi, abi0, abi1, max_abi;
 	bool elf32;
@@ -143,6 +149,32 @@ int arch_check_elf(void *_ehdr, bool has
 	elf32 = ehdr->e32.e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32;
 	flags = elf32 ? ehdr->e32.e_flags : ehdr->e64.e_flags;
 
+	/*
+	 * Determine the NaN personality, reject the binary if no hardware
+	 * support.  Also ensure that any interpreter matches the executable.
+	 */
+	if (flags & EF_MIPS_NAN2008) {
+		if (cpu_has_nan_2008)
+			state->nan_2008 = 1;
+		else
+			return -ENOEXEC;
+	} else {
+		if (cpu_has_nan_legacy)
+			state->nan_2008 = 0;
+		else
+			return -ENOEXEC;
+	}
+	if (has_interpreter) {
+		bool ielf32;
+		u32 iflags;
+
+		ielf32 = iehdr->e32.e_ident[EI_CLASS] == ELFCLASS32;
+		iflags = ielf32 ? iehdr->e32.e_flags : iehdr->e64.e_flags;
+
+		if ((flags ^ iflags) & EF_MIPS_NAN2008)
+			return -ELIBBAD;
+	}
+
 	if (!config_enabled(CONFIG_MIPS_O32_FP64_SUPPORT))
 		return 0;
 
@@ -266,3 +298,27 @@ void mips_set_personality_fp(struct arch
 		BUG();
 	}
 }
+
+/*
+ * Select the IEEE 754 NaN encoding and ABS.fmt/NEG.fmt execution mode
+ * in FCSR according to the ELF NaN personality.
+ */
+void mips_set_personality_nan(struct arch_elf_state *state)
+{
+	struct cpuinfo_mips *c = &boot_cpu_data;
+	struct task_struct *t = current;
+
+	t->thread.fpu.fcr31 = c->fpu_csr31;
+	switch (state->nan_2008) {
+	case 0:
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		if (!(c->fpu_msk31 & FPU_CSR_NAN2008))
+			t->thread.fpu.fcr31 |= FPU_CSR_NAN2008;
+		if (!(c->fpu_msk31 & FPU_CSR_ABS2008))
+			t->thread.fpu.fcr31 |= FPU_CSR_ABS2008;
+		break;
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+}
--
To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in
the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
Please read the FAQ at  http://www.tux.org/lkml/

[toc] | [prev] | [standalone]

Back to top | Article view | linux.kernel

csiph-web