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[PATCH V15 00/11] x86: Intel Cache Allocation Technology Support

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  [PATCH V15 00/11] x86: Intel Cache Allocation Technology Support Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> - 2015-10-02 08:30 +0200
    [PATCH V15 01/11] x86/intel_cqm: Modify hot cpu notification handling Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> - 2015-10-02 08:30 +0200
    [PATCH V15 11/11] x86,cgroup/intel_rdt : Add a cgroup interface to manage Intel cache allocation Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> - 2015-10-02 08:30 +0200
    [PATCH V15 06/11] x86/intel_rdt: Add L3 cache capacity bitmask management Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> - 2015-10-02 08:40 +0200
    [PATCH V15 04/11] x86/intel_rdt: Add support for Cache Allocation detection Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> - 2015-10-02 08:40 +0200
    [PATCH V15 05/11] x86/intel_rdt: Add Class of service management Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> - 2015-10-02 08:40 +0200
    [PATCH V15 03/11] x86/intel_rdt: Cache Allocation documentation Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> - 2015-10-02 08:40 +0200

#1237967 — [PATCH V15 00/11] x86: Intel Cache Allocation Technology Support

This series has some preparatory patches and Intel cache allocation
support.

	Prep patches :

	Has some changes to hot cpu handling code in existing cache
monitoring and RAPL kernel code. This improves hot cpu notification
handling by not looping through all online cpus which could be expensive
in large systems. 

	Intel Cache allocation support:

	Cache allocation patches adds a cgroup subsystem to support the new
Cache Allocation feature found in future Intel Xeon Intel processors.
Cache Allocation is a sub-feature with in Resource Director
Technology(RDT) feature. Current patches support only L3 cache
allocation.

Cache Allocation provides a way for the Software (OS/VMM) to restrict
cache allocation to a defined 'subset' of cache which may be overlapping
with other 'subsets'.  This feature is used when a thread is allocating
a cache line ie when pulling new data into the cache.  

Threads are associated with a CLOS(Class of service). OS specifies the
CLOS of a thread by writing the IA32_PQR_ASSOC MSR during context
switch. The cache capacity associated with CLOS 'n' is specified by
writing to the IA32_L3_MASK_n MSR. 

More information about cache allocation can be found in the Intel SDM,
Volume 3 section 17.16.  SDM does not yet use the 'RDT' term yet and it
is planned to be changed at a later time.

	Why Cache Allocation ?

In todays new processors the number of cores is continuously increasing
which in turn increase the number of threads or workloads that can
simultaneously be run. When multi-threaded applications run
concurrently, they compete for shared resources including L3 cache.  At
times, this L3 cache resource contention may result in inefficient space
utilization. For example a higher priority thread may end up with lesser
L3 cache resource or a cache sensitive app may not get optimal cache
occupancy thereby degrading the performance.  Cache Allocation kernel
patch helps provides a framework for sharing L3 cache so that users can
allocate the resource according to set requirements.

*All the patches will apply on 4.3-rc2.

Changes in v15:
 - Add a global IPI to update the closid on CPUs for current tasks.
 - Other minor changes where I remove the updating of clos_cbm_table to be
 set to all 1s during init.
 - Fix a few compilation warnings.
 - Port the patches to 4.3-rc.

Changes in v12:
 - From Matt's feedback replaced static cpumask_t tmp with function
 scope to static cpumask_t tmp_cpumask for the whole file. This is a
 temporary mask used during handling of hot cpu notifications in
 cqm/rapl and rdt code.  Although all the usage was serialized by hot
 cpu locking this makes it more readable. 

Changes in V11:  As per feedback from Thomas and discussions:

  - removed the cpumask_any_online_but.its usage could be easily replaced with
  'and'ing the cpu_online mask during hot cpu notifications.  Thomas
  pointed the API had issue where there tmp mask wasnt thread safe. I
  realized the support it indends to give does not seem to match with
  others in cpumask.h
  - the cqm patch which added mutex to hot cpu notification was merged
  with the cqm hot plug patch to improve notificaiton handling
  without commit logs and wasnt correct. seperated and just sending the
  cqm hot plug patch and will send the mutex cqm patch seperately
  - fixed issues in the hot cpu rdt handling. Since the cpu_starting was
  replaced with cpu_online , now the wrmsr needs to be actually
  scheduled on the target cpu - which the previous patch wasnt doing.
  Replaced the cpu_dead with cpu_down_prepare. the cpu_down_failed is
  handled the same way as cpu_online. By waiting till cpu_dead to update
  the rdt_cpumask , we may miss some of the msr updates.

Changes in V10:

- changed the hot cpu notification we handle in cqm and cache allocation
  to cpu_online and cpu_dead and removed others as the 
  cpu_*_prepare also had corresponding cancel notification 
  which we did not handle.
- changed the file in rdt cgroup to l3_cache_mask to represent that its
  for l3 cache.

Changes as per Thomas and PeterZ feedback:
- fixed the cpumask declarations in cpumask.h and rdt,cmt and rapl to
  have static so that they burden stack space when large.
- removed mutex in cpu_starting notifications, replaced the locking with
  cpu_online.
- changed name from hsw_probetest to cache_alloc_hsw_probe.
- changed x86_rdt_max_closid to x86_cache_max_closid and
  x86_rdt_max_cbm_len to x86_cache_max_cbm_len as they are only related
  to cache allocation and not to all rdt.

Changes in V9:
Changes made as per Thomas feedback:
- added a comment where we call schedule in code only when RDT is
  enabled.
- Reordered the local declarations to follow convention in
  intel_cqm_xchg_rmid

Changes in V8: Thanks to feedback from Thomas and following changes are
made based on his feedback:

Generic changes/Preparatory patches:
-added a new cpumask_any_online_but which returns the next
core sibling that is online.
-Made changes in Intel Cache monitoring and Intel RAPL(Running average
    power limit) code to use the new function above to find the next cpu
that can be a designated reader for the package. Also changed the way
the package masks are computed which can be simplified using
topology_core_cpumask.

Cache allocation specific changes:
-Moved the documentation to the begining of the patch series.
-Added more documentation for the rdt cgroup files in the documentation.
-Changed the dmesg output when cache alloc is enabled to be more helpful
and updated few other comments to be better readable.
-removed __ prefix to functions like clos_get which were not following
convention.
-added code to take action on a WARN_ON in clos_put. Made a few other
changes to reduce code text.
-updated better readable/Kernel doc format comments for the 
call to rdt_css_alloc, datastructures .
-removed cgroup_init
-changed the names of functions to only have intel_ prefix for external
APIs.
-replaced (void *)&closid with (void *)closid when calling
on_each_cpu_mask
-fixed the reference release of closid during cache bitmask write.
-changed the code to not ignore a cache mask which has bits set outside
of the max bits allowed. It returns an error instead.
-replaced bitmap_set(&max_mask, 0, max_cbm_len) with max_mask =
(1ULL << max_cbm) - 1.
- update the rdt_cpu_mask which has one cpu for each package, using
topology_core_cpumask instead of looping through existing rdt_cpu_mask.
Realized topology_core_cpumask name is misleading and it actually
returns the cores in a cpu package!
-arranged the code better to have the code relating to similar task
together.
-Improved searching for the next online cpu sibling and maintaining the
rdt_cpu_mask which has one cpu per package.
-removed the unnecessary wrapper rdt_enabled.
-removed unnecessary spin lock and rculock in the scheduling code.
-merged all scheduling code into one patch not seperating the RDT common
software cache code.

Changes in V7: Based on feedback from PeterZ and Matt and following
discussions :
- changed lot of naming to reflect the data structures which are common
to RDT and specific to Cache allocation.
- removed all usage of 'cat'. replace with more friendly cache
allocation
- fixed lot of convention issues (whitespace, return paradigm etc)
- changed the scheduling hook for RDT to not use a inline.
- removed adding new scheduling hook and just reused the existing one
similar to perf hook.

Changes in V6:
- rebased to 4.1-rc1 which has the CMT(cache monitoring) support included.
- (Thanks to Marcelo's feedback).Fixed support for hot cpu handling for 
IA32_L3_QOS MSRs. Although during deep C states the MSR need not be restored 
this is needed when physically a new package is added.
-some other coding convention changes including renaming to cache_mask using a 
 refcnt to track the number of cgroups using a closid in clos_cbm map.
 -1b cbm support for non-hsw SKUs. HSW is an exception which needs the cache 
 bit masks to be at least 2 bits.

Changes in v5:
- Added support to propagate the cache bit mask update for each 
package.
- Removed the cache bit mask reference in the intel_rdt structure as
  there was no need for that and we already maintain a separate
  closid<->cbm mapping.
- Made a few coding convention changes which include adding the 
assertion while freeing the CLOSID.

Changes in V4:
- Integrated with the latest V5 CMT patches.
- Changed naming of cgroup to rdt(resource director technology) from
  cat(cache allocation technology). This was done as the RDT is the
  umbrella term for platform shared resources allocation. Hence in
  future it would be easier to add resource allocation to the same 
  cgroup
- Naming changes also applied to a lot of other data structures/APIs.
- Added documentation on cgroup usage for cache allocation to address
  a lot of questions from various academic and industry regarding 
  cache allocation usage.

Changes in V3:
- Implements a common software cache for IA32_PQR_MSR
- Implements support for hsw Cache Allocation enumeration. This does not use the brand 
strings like earlier version but does a probe test. The probe test is done only 
on hsw family of processors
- Made a few coding convention, name changes
- Check for lock being held when ClosID manipulation happens

Changes in V2:
- Removed HSW specific enumeration changes. Plan to include it later as a
  separate patch.  
- Fixed the code in prep_arch_switch to be specific for x86 and removed
  x86 defines.
- Fixed cbm_write to not write all 1s when a cgroup is freed.
- Fixed one possible memory leak in init.  
- Changed some of manual bitmap
  manipulation to use the predefined bitmap APIs to make code more readable
- Changed name in sources from cqe to cat
- Global cat enable flag changed to static_key and disabled cgroup early_init
Fenghua Yu (11):
  x86/intel_cqm: Modify hot cpu notification handling
  x86/intel_rapl: Modify hot cpu notification handling
  x86/intel_rdt: Cache Allocation documentation
  x86/intel_rdt: Add support for Cache Allocation detection
  x86/intel_rdt: Add Class of service management
  x86/intel_rdt: Add L3 cache capacity bitmask management
  x86/intel_rdt: Implement scheduling support for Intel RDT
  x86/intel_rdt: Hot cpu support for Cache Allocation
  x86/intel_rdt: Intel haswell Cache Allocation enumeration
  x86,cgroup/intel_rdt : Add intel_rdt cgroup documentation
  x86,cgroup/intel_rdt : Add a cgroup interface to manage Intel cache
    allocation

 Documentation/cgroups/rdt.txt               | 133 +++++++
 Documentation/x86/intel_rdt.txt             | 109 ++++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h           |   6 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h            |  79 ++++
 arch/x86/include/asm/pqr_common.h           |  27 ++
 arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h            |   3 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile                |   1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c                |  15 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c             | 585 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel_cqm.c  |  60 +--
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel_rapl.c |  35 +-
 arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c                |   6 +
 include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h               |   4 +
 init/Kconfig                                |  12 +
 14 files changed, 1016 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/cgroups/rdt.txt
 create mode 100644 Documentation/x86/intel_rdt.txt
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/pqr_common.h
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c

-- 
1.8.1.2

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#1237968 — [PATCH V15 01/11] x86/intel_cqm: Modify hot cpu notification handling

 - In cqm_pick_event_reader, use the existing package<->core map instead
 of looping through all cpus in cqm_cpumask.

 - In intel_cqm_cpu_exit, use the same map instead of looping through
 all online cpus. In large systems with large number of cpus the time
 taken to loop may be expensive and also the time increases linearly.

Signed-off-by: Vikas Shivappa <vikas.shivappa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel_cqm.c | 34 +++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel_cqm.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel_cqm.c
index 377e8f8..93e54ad 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel_cqm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel_cqm.c
@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ static LIST_HEAD(cache_groups);
  */
 static cpumask_t cqm_cpumask;
 
+/*
+ * Temporary cpumask used during hot cpu notificaiton handling. The usage
+ * is serialized by hot cpu locks.
+ */
+static cpumask_t tmp_cpumask;
+
 #define RMID_VAL_ERROR		(1ULL << 63)
 #define RMID_VAL_UNAVAIL	(1ULL << 62)
 
@@ -1244,15 +1250,13 @@ static struct pmu intel_cqm_pmu = {
 
 static inline void cqm_pick_event_reader(int cpu)
 {
-	int phys_id = topology_physical_package_id(cpu);
-	int i;
+	cpumask_and(&tmp_cpumask, &cqm_cpumask, topology_core_cpumask(cpu));
 
-	for_each_cpu(i, &cqm_cpumask) {
-		if (phys_id == topology_physical_package_id(i))
-			return;	/* already got reader for this socket */
-	}
-
-	cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &cqm_cpumask);
+	/*
+	 * Pick a reader if there isn't one already.
+	 */
+	if (cpumask_empty(&tmp_cpumask))
+		cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &cqm_cpumask);
 }
 
 static void intel_cqm_cpu_starting(unsigned int cpu)
@@ -1270,7 +1274,6 @@ static void intel_cqm_cpu_starting(unsigned int cpu)
 
 static void intel_cqm_cpu_exit(unsigned int cpu)
 {
-	int phys_id = topology_physical_package_id(cpu);
 	int i;
 
 	/*
@@ -1279,15 +1282,12 @@ static void intel_cqm_cpu_exit(unsigned int cpu)
 	if (!cpumask_test_and_clear_cpu(cpu, &cqm_cpumask))
 		return;
 
-	for_each_online_cpu(i) {
-		if (i == cpu)
-			continue;
+	cpumask_and(&tmp_cpumask, topology_core_cpumask(cpu), cpu_online_mask);
+	cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, &tmp_cpumask);
+	i = cpumask_any(&tmp_cpumask);
 
-		if (phys_id == topology_physical_package_id(i)) {
-			cpumask_set_cpu(i, &cqm_cpumask);
-			break;
-		}
-	}
+	if (i < nr_cpu_ids)
+		cpumask_set_cpu(i, &cqm_cpumask);
 }
 
 static int intel_cqm_cpu_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb,
-- 
1.8.1.2

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#1237970 — [PATCH V15 11/11] x86,cgroup/intel_rdt : Add a cgroup interface to manage Intel cache allocation

Add a new cgroup 'intel_rdt' to manage cache allocation. Each cgroup
directory is associated with a class of service id(closid). To map a
task with closid during scheduling, this patch removes the closid field
from task_struct and uses the already existing 'cgroups' field in
task_struct.

The cgroup has a file 'l3_cbm' which represents the L3 cache capacity
bitmask(CBM). The CBM is global for the whole system currently. The
capacity bitmask needs to have only contiguous bits set and number of
bits that can be set is less than the max bits that can be set. The
tasks belonging to a cgroup get to fill in the L3 cache represented by
the capacity bitmask of the cgroup. For ex: if the max bits in the CBM
is 10 and the cache size is 10MB, each bit represents 1MB of cache
capacity.

Root cgroup always has all the bits set in the l3_cbm. User can create
more cgroups with mkdir syscall. By default the child cgroups inherit
the capacity bitmask(CBM) from parent. User can change the CBM specified
in hex for each cgroup. Each unique bitmask is associated with a class
of service ID and an -ENOSPC is returned once we run out of
closids.

Signed-off-by: Vikas Shivappa <vikas.shivappa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h |  37 +++++++-
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c  | 194 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h    |   4 +
 include/linux/sched.h            |   3 -
 init/Kconfig                     |   4 +-
 5 files changed, 229 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h
index afb6da3..fbe1e00 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_RDT
 
+#include <linux/cgroup.h>
 #include <linux/jump_label.h>
 
 #define MAX_CBM_LENGTH			32
@@ -12,20 +13,54 @@
 extern struct static_key rdt_enable_key;
 void __intel_rdt_sched_in(void *dummy);
 
+struct intel_rdt {
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state css;
+	u32 closid;
+};
+
 struct clos_cbm_table {
 	unsigned long l3_cbm;
 	unsigned int clos_refcnt;
 };
 
 /*
+ * Return rdt group corresponding to this container.
+ */
+static inline struct intel_rdt *css_rdt(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
+{
+	return css ? container_of(css, struct intel_rdt, css) : NULL;
+}
+
+static inline struct intel_rdt *parent_rdt(struct intel_rdt *ir)
+{
+	return css_rdt(ir->css.parent);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return rdt group to which this task belongs.
+ */
+static inline struct intel_rdt *task_rdt(struct task_struct *task)
+{
+	return css_rdt(task_css(task, intel_rdt_cgrp_id));
+}
+
+/*
  * intel_rdt_sched_in() - Writes the task's CLOSid to IA32_PQR_MSR
  *
  * Following considerations are made so that this has minimal impact
  * on scheduler hot path:
  * - This will stay as no-op unless we are running on an Intel SKU
  * which supports L3 cache allocation.
+ * - When support is present and enabled, does not do any
+ * IA32_PQR_MSR writes until the user starts really using the feature
+ * ie creates a rdt cgroup directory and assigns a cache_mask thats
+ * different from the root cgroup's cache_mask.
  * - Caches the per cpu CLOSid values and does the MSR write only
- * when a task with a different CLOSid is scheduled in.
+ * when a task with a different CLOSid is scheduled in. That
+ * means the task belongs to a different cgroup.
+ * - Closids are allocated so that different cgroup directories
+ * with same cache_mask gets the same CLOSid. This minimizes CLOSids
+ * used and reduces MSR write frequency.
  */
 static inline void intel_rdt_sched_in(void)
 {
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c
index ecaf8e6..cb4d2ef 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ static cpumask_t tmp_cpumask;
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(rdt_group_mutex);
 struct static_key __read_mostly rdt_enable_key = STATIC_KEY_INIT_FALSE;
 
+static struct intel_rdt rdt_root_group;
+#define rdt_for_each_child(pos_css, parent_ir)		\
+	css_for_each_child((pos_css), &(parent_ir)->css)
+
 struct rdt_remote_data {
 	int msr;
 	u64 val;
@@ -108,17 +112,16 @@ static inline bool cache_alloc_supported(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 	return false;
 }
 
-
 void __intel_rdt_sched_in(void *dummy)
 {
 	struct intel_pqr_state *state = this_cpu_ptr(&pqr_state);
-	u32 closid = current->closid;
+	struct intel_rdt *ir = task_rdt(current);
 
-	if (closid == state->closid)
+	if (ir->closid == state->closid)
 		return;
 
-	wrmsr(MSR_IA32_PQR_ASSOC, state->rmid, closid);
-	state->closid = closid;
+	wrmsr(MSR_IA32_PQR_ASSOC, state->rmid, ir->closid);
+	state->closid = ir->closid;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -359,15 +362,175 @@ static int intel_rdt_cpu_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb,
 	return NOTIFY_OK;
 }
 
+static struct cgroup_subsys_state *
+intel_rdt_css_alloc(struct cgroup_subsys_state *parent_css)
+{
+	struct intel_rdt *parent = css_rdt(parent_css);
+	struct intel_rdt *ir;
+
+	/*
+	 * cgroup_init cannot handle failures gracefully.
+	 * Return rdt_root_group.css instead of failure
+	 * always even when Cache allocation is not supported.
+	 */
+	if (!parent)
+		return &rdt_root_group.css;
+
+	ir = kzalloc(sizeof(struct intel_rdt), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!ir)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	mutex_lock(&rdt_group_mutex);
+	ir->closid = parent->closid;
+	closid_get(ir->closid);
+	mutex_unlock(&rdt_group_mutex);
+
+	return &ir->css;
+}
+
+static void intel_rdt_css_free(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css)
+{
+	struct intel_rdt *ir = css_rdt(css);
+
+	mutex_lock(&rdt_group_mutex);
+	closid_put(ir->closid);
+	kfree(ir);
+	mutex_unlock(&rdt_group_mutex);
+}
+
+static int intel_cache_alloc_cbm_read(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
+{
+	struct intel_rdt *ir = css_rdt(seq_css(m));
+	unsigned long l3_cbm = 0;
+
+	clos_cbm_table_read(ir->closid, &l3_cbm);
+	seq_printf(m, "%08lx\n", l3_cbm);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cbm_validate_rdt_cgroup(struct intel_rdt *ir, unsigned long cbmvalue)
+{
+	struct cgroup_subsys_state *css;
+	struct intel_rdt *par, *c;
+	unsigned long cbm_tmp = 0;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (!cbm_validate(cbmvalue)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_err;
+	}
+
+	par = parent_rdt(ir);
+	clos_cbm_table_read(par->closid, &cbm_tmp);
+	if (!bitmap_subset(&cbmvalue, &cbm_tmp, MAX_CBM_LENGTH)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_err;
+	}
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	rdt_for_each_child(css, ir) {
+		c = css_rdt(css);
+		clos_cbm_table_read(par->closid, &cbm_tmp);
+		if (!bitmap_subset(&cbm_tmp, &cbmvalue, MAX_CBM_LENGTH)) {
+			rcu_read_unlock();
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out_err;
+		}
+	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+out_err:
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * intel_cache_alloc_cbm_write() - Validates and writes the
+ * cache bit mask(cbm) to the IA32_L3_MASK_n
+ * and also store the same in the cctable.
+ *
+ * CLOSids are reused for cgroups which have same bitmask.
+ * This helps to use the scant CLOSids optimally. This also
+ * implies that at context switch write to PQR-MSR is done
+ * only when a task with a different bitmask is scheduled in.
+ */
+static int intel_cache_alloc_cbm_write(struct cgroup_subsys_state *css,
+				 struct cftype *cft, u64 cbmvalue)
+{
+	struct intel_rdt *ir = css_rdt(css);
+	unsigned long ccbm = 0;
+	int err = 0;
+	u32 closid;
+
+	if (ir == &rdt_root_group)
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	/*
+	 * Need global mutex as cbm write may allocate a closid.
+	 */
+	mutex_lock(&rdt_group_mutex);
+
+	clos_cbm_table_read(ir->closid, &ccbm);
+	if (cbmvalue == ccbm)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = cbm_validate_rdt_cgroup(ir, cbmvalue);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * Try to get a reference for a different CLOSid and release the
+	 * reference to the current CLOSid.
+	 * Need to put down the reference here and get it back in case we
+	 * run out of closids. Otherwise we run into a problem when
+	 * we could be using the last closid that could have been available.
+	 */
+	closid_put(ir->closid);
+	if (cbm_search(cbmvalue, &closid)) {
+		ir->closid = closid;
+		closid_get(closid);
+	} else {
+		closid = ir->closid;
+		err = closid_alloc(&ir->closid);
+		if (err) {
+			closid_get(ir->closid);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		clos_cbm_table_update(ir->closid, cbmvalue);
+		msr_update_all(CBM_FROM_INDEX(ir->closid), cbmvalue);
+	}
+	closid_tasks_sync();
+	closcbm_map_dump();
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&rdt_group_mutex);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void rdt_cgroup_init(void)
+{
+	int max_cbm_len = boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_max_cbm_len;
+	u32 closid;
+
+	closid_alloc(&closid);
+
+	WARN_ON(closid != 0);
+
+	rdt_root_group.closid = closid;
+	clos_cbm_table_update(closid, (1ULL << max_cbm_len) - 1);
+}
+
 static int __init intel_rdt_late_init(void)
 {
 	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &boot_cpu_data;
 	u32 maxid, max_cbm_len;
 	int err = 0, size, i;
 
-	if (!cache_alloc_supported(c))
+	if (!cache_alloc_supported(c)) {
+		rdt_root_group.css.ss->disabled = 1;
 		return -ENODEV;
-
+	}
 	maxid = c->x86_cache_max_closid;
 	max_cbm_len = c->x86_cache_max_cbm_len;
 
@@ -394,6 +557,7 @@ static int __init intel_rdt_late_init(void)
 	__hotcpu_notifier(intel_rdt_cpu_notifier, 0);
 
 	cpu_notifier_register_done();
+	rdt_cgroup_init();
 
 	static_key_slow_inc(&rdt_enable_key);
 	pr_info("Intel cache allocation enabled\n");
@@ -403,3 +567,19 @@ out_err:
 }
 
 late_initcall(intel_rdt_late_init);
+
+static struct cftype rdt_files[] = {
+	{
+		.name		= "l3_cbm",
+		.seq_show	= intel_cache_alloc_cbm_read,
+		.write_u64	= intel_cache_alloc_cbm_write,
+	},
+	{ }	/* terminate */
+};
+
+struct cgroup_subsys intel_rdt_cgrp_subsys = {
+	.css_alloc		= intel_rdt_css_alloc,
+	.css_free		= intel_rdt_css_free,
+	.legacy_cftypes		= rdt_files,
+	.early_init		= 0,
+};
diff --git a/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h b/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h
index 1a96fda..c559ef5 100644
--- a/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h
+++ b/include/linux/cgroup_subsys.h
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@ SUBSYS(net_prio)
 SUBSYS(hugetlb)
 #endif
 
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_INTEL_RDT)
+SUBSYS(intel_rdt)
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Subsystems that implement the can_fork() family of callbacks.
  */
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 24bfbac..b7b9501 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1668,9 +1668,6 @@ struct task_struct {
 	/* cg_list protected by css_set_lock and tsk->alloc_lock */
 	struct list_head cg_list;
 #endif
-#ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_RDT
-	u32 closid;
-#endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX
 	struct robust_list_head __user *robust_list;
 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index 9fe3f11..e0e18d5 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -938,6 +938,8 @@ menuconfig CGROUPS
 
 	  Say N if unsure.
 
+if CGROUPS
+
 config INTEL_RDT
 	bool "Intel Resource Director Technology support"
 	depends on X86_64 && CPU_SUP_INTEL
@@ -950,8 +952,6 @@ config INTEL_RDT
 
 	  Say N if unsure.
 
-if CGROUPS
-
 config CGROUP_DEBUG
 	bool "Example debug cgroup subsystem"
 	default n
-- 
1.8.1.2

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#1237971 — [PATCH V15 06/11] x86/intel_rdt: Add L3 cache capacity bitmask management

This patch adds different APIs to manage the L3 cache capacity bitmask.
The capacity bit mask(CBM) needs to have only contiguous bits set. The
current implementation has a global CBM for each class of service id.
There are APIs added to update the CBM via MSR write to IA32_L3_MASK_n
on all packages. Other APIs are to read and write entries to the
clos_cbm_table.

Signed-off-by: Vikas Shivappa <vikas.shivappa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h |   4 ++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c  | 133 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 136 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h
index 88b7643..4f45dc8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h
@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_RDT
 
+#define MAX_CBM_LENGTH			32
+#define IA32_L3_CBM_BASE		0xc90
+#define CBM_FROM_INDEX(x)		(IA32_L3_CBM_BASE + x)
+
 struct clos_cbm_table {
 	unsigned long l3_cbm;
 	unsigned int clos_refcnt;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c
index d79213a..6ad5b48 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c
@@ -34,8 +34,22 @@ static struct clos_cbm_table *cctable;
  * closid availability bit map.
  */
 unsigned long *closmap;
+/*
+ * Mask of CPUs for writing CBM values. We only need one CPU per-socket.
+ */
+static cpumask_t rdt_cpumask;
+/*
+ * Temporary cpumask used during hot cpu notificaiton handling. The usage
+ * is serialized by hot cpu locks.
+ */
+static cpumask_t tmp_cpumask;
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(rdt_group_mutex);
 
+struct rdt_remote_data {
+	int msr;
+	u64 val;
+};
+
 static inline void closid_get(u32 closid)
 {
 	struct clos_cbm_table *cct = &cctable[closid];
@@ -82,11 +96,126 @@ static void closid_put(u32 closid)
 		closid_free(closid);
 }
 
+static bool cbm_validate(unsigned long var)
+{
+	u32 max_cbm_len = boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_max_cbm_len;
+	unsigned long first_bit, zero_bit;
+	u64 max_cbm;
+
+	if (bitmap_weight(&var, max_cbm_len) < 1)
+		return false;
+
+	max_cbm = (1ULL << max_cbm_len) - 1;
+	if (var & ~max_cbm)
+		return false;
+
+	first_bit = find_first_bit(&var, max_cbm_len);
+	zero_bit = find_next_zero_bit(&var, max_cbm_len, first_bit);
+
+	if (find_next_bit(&var, max_cbm_len, zero_bit) < max_cbm_len)
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static int clos_cbm_table_read(u32 closid, unsigned long *l3_cbm)
+{
+	u32 maxid = boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_max_closid;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&rdt_group_mutex);
+
+	if (closid >= maxid)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	*l3_cbm = cctable[closid].l3_cbm;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * clos_cbm_table_update() - Update a clos cbm table entry.
+ * @closid: the closid whose cbm needs to be updated
+ * @cbm: the new cbm value that has to be updated
+ *
+ * This assumes the cbm is validated as per the interface requirements
+ * and the cache allocation requirements(through the cbm_validate).
+ */
+static int clos_cbm_table_update(u32 closid, unsigned long cbm)
+{
+	u32 maxid = boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_max_closid;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&rdt_group_mutex);
+
+	if (closid >= maxid)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	cctable[closid].l3_cbm = cbm;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static bool cbm_search(unsigned long cbm, u32 *closid)
+{
+	u32 maxid = boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_max_closid;
+	u32 i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < maxid; i++) {
+		if (cctable[i].clos_refcnt &&
+		    bitmap_equal(&cbm, &cctable[i].l3_cbm, MAX_CBM_LENGTH)) {
+			*closid = i;
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+static void closcbm_map_dump(void)
+{
+	u32 i;
+
+	pr_debug("CBMMAP\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_max_closid; i++) {
+		pr_debug("l3_cbm: 0x%x,clos_refcnt: %u\n",
+		 (unsigned int)cctable[i].l3_cbm, cctable[i].clos_refcnt);
+	}
+}
+
+static void msr_cpu_update(void *arg)
+{
+	struct rdt_remote_data *info = arg;
+
+	wrmsrl(info->msr, info->val);
+}
+
+/*
+ * msr_update_all() - Update the msr for all packages.
+ */
+static inline void msr_update_all(int msr, u64 val)
+{
+	struct rdt_remote_data info;
+
+	info.msr = msr;
+	info.val = val;
+	on_each_cpu_mask(&rdt_cpumask, msr_cpu_update, &info, 1);
+}
+
+static inline bool rdt_cpumask_update(int cpu)
+{
+	cpumask_and(&tmp_cpumask, &rdt_cpumask, topology_core_cpumask(cpu));
+	if (cpumask_empty(&tmp_cpumask)) {
+		cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &rdt_cpumask);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
 static int __init intel_rdt_late_init(void)
 {
 	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &boot_cpu_data;
 	u32 maxid, max_cbm_len;
-	int err = 0, size;
+	int err = 0, size, i;
 
 	if (!cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_CAT_L3))
 		return -ENODEV;
@@ -109,6 +238,8 @@ static int __init intel_rdt_late_init(void)
 		goto out_err;
 	}
 
+	for_each_online_cpu(i)
+		rdt_cpumask_update(i);
 	pr_info("Intel cache allocation enabled\n");
 out_err:
 
-- 
1.8.1.2

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#1237974 — [PATCH V15 04/11] x86/intel_rdt: Add support for Cache Allocation detection

This patch includes CPUID enumeration routines for Cache allocation and
new values to track resources to the cpuinfo_x86 structure.

Cache allocation provides a way for the Software (OS/VMM) to restrict
cache allocation to a defined 'subset' of cache which may be overlapping
with other 'subsets'. This feature is used when allocating a line in
cache ie when pulling new data into the cache. The programming of the
hardware is done via programming MSRs (model specific registers).

Signed-off-by: Vikas Shivappa <vikas.shivappa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h |  6 +++++-
 arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h  |  3 +++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile      |  1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c      | 15 +++++++++++++++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c   | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 init/Kconfig                      | 12 ++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h
index e6cf2ad..4e93006 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <asm/disabled-features.h>
 #endif
 
-#define NCAPINTS	13	/* N 32-bit words worth of info */
+#define NCAPINTS	14	/* N 32-bit words worth of info */
 #define NBUGINTS	1	/* N 32-bit bug flags */
 
 /*
@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@
 #define X86_FEATURE_RTM		( 9*32+11) /* Restricted Transactional Memory */
 #define X86_FEATURE_CQM		( 9*32+12) /* Cache QoS Monitoring */
 #define X86_FEATURE_MPX		( 9*32+14) /* Memory Protection Extension */
+#define X86_FEATURE_RDT		( 9*32+15) /* Resource Allocation */
 #define X86_FEATURE_AVX512F	( 9*32+16) /* AVX-512 Foundation */
 #define X86_FEATURE_RDSEED	( 9*32+18) /* The RDSEED instruction */
 #define X86_FEATURE_ADX		( 9*32+19) /* The ADCX and ADOX instructions */
@@ -255,6 +256,9 @@
 /* Intel-defined CPU QoS Sub-leaf, CPUID level 0x0000000F:1 (edx), word 12 */
 #define X86_FEATURE_CQM_OCCUP_LLC (12*32+ 0) /* LLC occupancy monitoring if 1 */
 
+/* Intel-defined CPU features, CPUID level 0x00000010:0 (ebx), word 13 */
+#define X86_FEATURE_CAT_L3	(13*32 + 1) /* Cache Allocation L3 */
+
 /*
  * BUG word(s)
  */
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
index 19577dd..b932ec4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h
@@ -120,6 +120,9 @@ struct cpuinfo_x86 {
 	int			x86_cache_occ_scale;	/* scale to bytes */
 	int			x86_power;
 	unsigned long		loops_per_jiffy;
+	/* Cache Allocation values: */
+	u16			x86_cache_max_cbm_len;
+	u16			x86_cache_max_closid;
 	/* cpuid returned max cores value: */
 	u16			 x86_max_cores;
 	u16			apicid;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
index 4eb065c..5e873c7 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/Makefile
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_SUP_INTEL)		+= perf_event_msr.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_SUP_AMD)		+= perf_event_msr.o
 endif
 
+obj-$(CONFIG_INTEL_RDT)			+= intel_rdt.o
 
 obj-$(CONFIG_X86_MCE)			+= mcheck/
 obj-$(CONFIG_MTRR)			+= mtrr/
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
index de22ea7..026a416 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
@@ -654,6 +654,21 @@ void get_cpu_cap(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 		}
 	}
 
+	/* Additional Intel-defined flags: level 0x00000010 */
+	if (c->cpuid_level >= 0x00000010) {
+		u32 eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+
+		cpuid_count(0x00000010, 0, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
+		c->x86_capability[13] = ebx;
+
+		if (cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_CAT_L3)) {
+
+			cpuid_count(0x00000010, 1, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
+			c->x86_cache_max_closid = edx + 1;
+			c->x86_cache_max_cbm_len = eax + 1;
+		}
+	}
+
 	/* AMD-defined flags: level 0x80000001 */
 	xlvl = cpuid_eax(0x80000000);
 	c->extended_cpuid_level = xlvl;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f49e970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Resource Director Technology(RDT)
+ * - Cache Allocation code.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 Intel Corporation
+ *
+ * 2015-05-25 Written by
+ *    Vikas Shivappa <vikas.shivappa@intel.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
+ * more details.
+ *
+ * More information about RDT be found in the Intel (R) x86 Architecture
+ * Software Developer Manual June 2015, volume 3, section 17.15.
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
+
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+
+static int __init intel_rdt_late_init(void)
+{
+	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &boot_cpu_data;
+
+	if (!cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_CAT_L3))
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	pr_info("Intel cache allocation detected\n");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+late_initcall(intel_rdt_late_init);
diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig
index c24b6f7..9fe3f11 100644
--- a/init/Kconfig
+++ b/init/Kconfig
@@ -938,6 +938,18 @@ menuconfig CGROUPS
 
 	  Say N if unsure.
 
+config INTEL_RDT
+	bool "Intel Resource Director Technology support"
+	depends on X86_64 && CPU_SUP_INTEL
+	help
+	  This option provides support for Cache allocation which is a
+	  sub-feature of Intel Resource Director  Technology(RDT).
+	  Current implementation supports L3 cache allocation.
+	  Using this feature a user can specify the amount of L3 cache space
+	  into which an application can fill.
+
+	  Say N if unsure.
+
 if CGROUPS
 
 config CGROUP_DEBUG
-- 
1.8.1.2

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#1237975 — [PATCH V15 05/11] x86/intel_rdt: Add Class of service management

Adds some data-structures and APIs to support Class of service
management(closid). There is a new clos_cbm table which keeps a 1:1
mapping between closid and capacity bit mask (cbm)
and a count of usage of closid. Each task would be associated with a
Closid at a time and this patch adds a new field closid to task_struct
to keep track of the same.

Signed-off-by: Vikas Shivappa <vikas.shivappa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h | 12 ++++++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c  | 82 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 include/linux/sched.h            |  3 ++
 3 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88b7643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/intel_rdt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef _RDT_H_
+#define _RDT_H_
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_RDT
+
+struct clos_cbm_table {
+	unsigned long l3_cbm;
+	unsigned int clos_refcnt;
+};
+
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c
index f49e970..d79213a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_rdt.c
@@ -24,17 +24,95 @@
 
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/err.h>
+#include <asm/intel_rdt.h>
+
+/*
+ * cctable maintains 1:1 mapping between CLOSid and cache bitmask.
+ */
+static struct clos_cbm_table *cctable;
+/*
+ * closid availability bit map.
+ */
+unsigned long *closmap;
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(rdt_group_mutex);
+
+static inline void closid_get(u32 closid)
+{
+	struct clos_cbm_table *cct = &cctable[closid];
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&rdt_group_mutex);
+
+	cct->clos_refcnt++;
+}
+
+static int closid_alloc(u32 *closid)
+{
+	u32 maxid;
+	u32 id;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&rdt_group_mutex);
+
+	maxid = boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_max_closid;
+	id = find_first_zero_bit(closmap, maxid);
+	if (id == maxid)
+		return -ENOSPC;
+
+	set_bit(id, closmap);
+	closid_get(id);
+	*closid = id;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void closid_free(u32 closid)
+{
+	clear_bit(closid, closmap);
+	cctable[closid].l3_cbm = 0;
+}
+
+static void closid_put(u32 closid)
+{
+	struct clos_cbm_table *cct = &cctable[closid];
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&rdt_group_mutex);
+	if (WARN_ON(!cct->clos_refcnt))
+		return;
+
+	if (!--cct->clos_refcnt)
+		closid_free(closid);
+}
 
 static int __init intel_rdt_late_init(void)
 {
 	struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &boot_cpu_data;
+	u32 maxid, max_cbm_len;
+	int err = 0, size;
 
 	if (!cpu_has(c, X86_FEATURE_CAT_L3))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
-	pr_info("Intel cache allocation detected\n");
+	maxid = c->x86_cache_max_closid;
+	max_cbm_len = c->x86_cache_max_cbm_len;
 
-	return 0;
+	size = maxid * sizeof(struct clos_cbm_table);
+	cctable = kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!cctable) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out_err;
+	}
+
+	size = BITS_TO_LONGS(maxid) * sizeof(long);
+	closmap = kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!closmap) {
+		kfree(cctable);
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out_err;
+	}
+
+	pr_info("Intel cache allocation enabled\n");
+out_err:
+
+	return err;
 }
 
 late_initcall(intel_rdt_late_init);
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index b7b9501..24bfbac 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1668,6 +1668,9 @@ struct task_struct {
 	/* cg_list protected by css_set_lock and tsk->alloc_lock */
 	struct list_head cg_list;
 #endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_RDT
+	u32 closid;
+#endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX
 	struct robust_list_head __user *robust_list;
 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
-- 
1.8.1.2

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#1237976 — [PATCH V15 03/11] x86/intel_rdt: Cache Allocation documentation

Adds a description of Cache allocation technology, overview of kernel
framework implementation. The framework has APIs to manage class of
service, capacity bitmask(CBM), scheduling support and other
architecture specific implementation. The APIs are used to build the
cgroup interface in later patches.

Cache allocation is a sub-feature of Resource Director Technology (RDT)
or Platform Shared resource control which provides support to control
Platform shared resources like L3 cache.

Cache Allocation Technology provides a way for the Software (OS/VMM) to
restrict cache allocation to a defined 'subset' of cache which may be
overlapping with other 'subsets'. This feature is used when allocating a
line in cache ie when pulling new data into the cache. The tasks are
grouped into CLOS (class of service). OS uses MSR writes to indicate the
CLOSid of the thread when scheduling in and to indicate the cache
capacity associated with the CLOSid. Currently cache allocation is
supported for L3 cache.

More information can be found in the Intel SDM June 2015, Volume 3,
section 17.16.

Signed-off-by: Vikas Shivappa <vikas.shivappa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
---
 Documentation/x86/intel_rdt.txt | 109 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 109 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Documentation/x86/intel_rdt.txt

diff --git a/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt.txt b/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05ec819
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/x86/intel_rdt.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+        Intel RDT
+        ---------
+
+Copyright (C) 2014 Intel Corporation
+Written by vikas.shivappa@linux.intel.com
+
+CONTENTS:
+=========
+
+1. Cache Allocation Technology
+  1.1 What is RDT and Cache allocation ?
+  1.2 Why is Cache allocation needed ?
+  1.3 Cache allocation implementation overview
+  1.4 Assignment of CBM and CLOS
+  1.5 Scheduling and Context Switch
+
+1. Cache Allocation Technology
+===================================
+
+1.1 What is RDT and Cache allocation
+------------------------------------
+
+Cache allocation is a sub-feature of Resource Director Technology (RDT)
+Allocation or Platform Shared resource control which provides support to
+control Platform shared resources like L3 cache. Currently L3 Cache is
+the only resource that is supported in RDT. More information can be
+found in the Intel SDM June 2015, Volume 3, section 17.16.
+
+Cache Allocation Technology provides a way for the Software (OS/VMM) to
+restrict cache allocation to a defined 'subset' of cache which may be
+overlapping with other 'subsets'. This feature is used when allocating a
+line in cache ie when pulling new data into the cache. The programming
+of the h/w is done via programming MSRs.
+
+The different cache subsets are identified by CLOS identifier (class of
+service) and each CLOS has a CBM (cache bit mask). The CBM is a
+contiguous set of bits which defines the amount of cache resource that
+is available for each 'subset'.
+
+1.2 Why is Cache allocation needed
+----------------------------------
+
+In todays new processors the number of cores is continuously increasing
+especially in large scale usage models where VMs are used like
+webservers and datacenters. The number of cores increase the number of
+threads or workloads that can simultaneously be run. When
+multi-threaded-applications, VMs, workloads run concurrently they
+compete for shared resources including L3 cache.
+
+The architecture also allows dynamically changing these subsets during
+runtime to further optimize the performance of the higher priority
+application with minimal degradation to the low priority app.
+Additionally, resources can be rebalanced for system throughput benefit.
+
+This technique may be useful in managing large computer server systems
+with large L3 cache, in the cloud and container context. Examples may be
+large servers running instances of webservers or database servers. In
+such complex systems, these subsets can be used for more careful placing
+of the available cache resources by a centralized root accessible
+interface.
+
+A specific use case may be to solve the noisy neighbour issue when a app
+which is constantly copying data like streaming app is using large
+amount of cache which could have otherwise been used by a high priority
+computing application. Using the cache allocation feature, the streaming
+application can be confined to use a smaller cache and the high priority
+application be awarded a larger amount of cache space.
+
+1.3 Cache allocation implementation Overview
+--------------------------------------------
+
+Kernel has a new field in the task_struct called 'closid' which
+represents the Class of service ID of the task.
+
+There is a 1:1 CLOSid <-> CBM (capacity bit mask) mapping. A CLOS (Class
+of service) is represented by a CLOSid. Each closid would have one CBM
+and would just represent one cache 'subset'.  The tasks would get to
+fill the L3 cache represented by the capacity bit mask or CBM.
+
+The APIs to manage the closid and CBM can be used to develop user
+interfaces.
+
+1.4 Assignment of CBM, CLOS
+---------------------------
+
+The framework provides APIs to manage the closid and CBM which can be
+used to develop user/kernel mode interfaces.
+
+1.5 Scheduling and Context Switch
+---------------------------------
+
+During context switch kernel implements this by writing the CLOSid of
+the task to the CPU's IA32_PQR_ASSOC MSR. The MSR is only written when
+there is a change in the CLOSid for the CPU in order to minimize the
+latency incurred during context switch.
+
+The following considerations are done for the PQR MSR write so that it
+has minimal impact on scheduling hot path:
+ - This path doesn't exist on any non-intel platforms.
+ - On Intel platforms, this would not exist by default unless INTEL_RDT
+ is enabled.
+ - remains a no-op when INTEL_RDT is enabled and intel hardware does
+ not support the feature.
+ - When feature is available, does not do MSR write till the user
+ starts using the feature *and* assigns a new cache capacity mask.
+ - per cpu PQR values are cached and the MSR write is only done when
+ there is a task with different PQR is scheduled on the CPU. Typically
+ if the task groups are bound to be scheduled on a set of CPUs, the
+ number of MSR writes is greatly reduced.
-- 
1.8.1.2

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