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[PATCH v4 0/22] On-demand device probing

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  [PATCH v4 0/22] On-demand device probing Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:30 +0200
    [PATCH v4 13/22] backlight: Probe backlight devices on demand Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:30 +0200
    [PATCH v4 05/22] gpio: Probe GPIO drivers on demand Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:30 +0200
    [PATCH v4 03/22] of/platform: Point to struct device from device node Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:30 +0200
    [PATCH v4 09/22] drm: Probe panels on demand Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:30 +0200
    [PATCH v4 20/22] driver core: Allow deferring probes until late init Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:30 +0200
      Re: [PATCH v4 20/22] driver core: Allow deferring probes until late  init Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> - 2015-09-11 14:20 +0200
        Re: [PATCH v4 20/22] driver core: Allow deferring probes until late init Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-14 11:10 +0200
    [PATCH v4 14/22] usb: phy: Probe phy devices on demand Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:30 +0200
    [PATCH v4 15/22] clk: Probe clk providers on demand Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:30 +0200
    [PATCH v4 22/22] of/platform: Defer probes of registered devices Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:30 +0200
    [PATCH v4 16/22] pinctrl: Probe pinctrl devices on demand Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:30 +0200
    [PATCH v4 21/22] driver core: Start processing deferred probes earlier Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:30 +0200
      Re: [PATCH v4 21/22] driver core: Start processing deferred probes  earlier Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> - 2015-09-11 14:30 +0200
        Re: [PATCH v4 21/22] driver core: Start processing deferred probes earlier Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-15 15:20 +0200
    [PATCH v4 07/22] regulator: core: Reduce critical area in _regulator_get Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:40 +0200
      Re: [PATCH v4 07/22] regulator: core: Reduce critical area in  _regulator_get Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> - 2015-09-11 14:20 +0200
    [PATCH v4 11/22] i2c: core: Probe i2c adapters and devices on demand Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:40 +0200
    [PATCH v4 12/22] pwm: Probe PWM chip devices on demand Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:40 +0200
    [PATCH v4 02/22] ARM: amba: Move reading of periphid to pre_probe() Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:40 +0200
    [PATCH v4 01/22] driver core: Add pre_probe callback to bus_type Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:40 +0200
      Re: [PATCH v4 01/22] driver core: Add pre_probe callback to bus_type Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> - 2015-09-11 14:10 +0200
    [PATCH v4 10/22] drm/tegra: Probe dpaux devices on demand Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-07 14:40 +0200
    Re: [PATCH v4 0/22] On-demand device probing Rob Herring <robherring2@gmail.com> - 2015-09-07 23:00 +0200
      Re: [PATCH v4 0/22] On-demand device probing Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-08 09:40 +0200
        Re: [PATCH v4 0/22] On-demand device probing Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org> - 2015-09-09 07:50 +0200
          Re: [PATCH v4 0/22] On-demand device probing Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com> - 2015-09-09 11:50 +0200

Page 1 of 2  [1] 2  Next page →

#1220117 — [PATCH v4 0/22] On-demand device probing

Hello,

I have a problem with the panel on my Tegra Chromebook taking longer
than expected to be ready during boot (Stéphane Marchesin reported what
is basically the same issue in [0]), and have looked into ordered
probing as a better way of solving this than moving nodes around in the
DT or playing with initcall levels and linking order.

While reading the thread [1] that Alexander Holler started with his
series to make probing order deterministic, it occurred to me that it
should be possible to achieve the same by probing devices as they are
referenced by other devices.

This basically reuses the information that is already implicit in the
probe() implementations, saving us from refactoring existing drivers or
adding information to DTBs.

During review of v1 of this series Linus Walleij suggested that it
should be the device driver core to make sure that dependencies are
ready before probing a device. I gave this idea a try [2] but Mark Brown
pointed out to the logic duplication between the resource acquisition
and dependency discovery code paths (though I think it's fairly minor).

To address that code duplication I experimented with Arnd's devm_probe
[3] concept of having drivers declare their dependencies instead of
acquiring them during probe, and while it worked [4], I don't think we
end up winning anything when compared to just probing devices on-demand
from resource getters.

One remaining objection is to the "sprinkling" of calls to
of_device_probe() in the resource getters of each subsystem, but I think
it's the right thing to do given that the storage of resources is
currently subsystem-specific.

We could avoid the above by moving resource storage into the core, but I
don't think there's a compelling case for that.

I have tested this on boards with Tegra, iMX.6, Exynos, Rockchip and
OMAP SoCs, and these patches were enough to eliminate all the deferred
probes (except one in PandaBoard because omap_dma_system doesn't have a
firmware node as of yet).

Have submitted a branch [5] with only these patches on top of thursday's
linux-next to kernelci.org and I don't see any issues that could be
caused by them. For some reason it currently has more passes than the
version of -next it's based on!

With this series I get the kernel to output to the panel in 0.5s,
instead of 2.8s.

Regards,

Tomeu

[0] http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/dri-devel/2014-August/066527.html

[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/5/12/452

[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/6/17/305

[3] http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ports.arm.kernel/277689

[4] https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/7/21/441a

[5] https://git.collabora.com/cgit/user/tomeu/linux.git/log/?h=on-demand-probes-v6

[6] http://kernelci.org/boot/all/job/collabora/kernel/v4.2-11902-g25d80c927f8b/

[7] http://kernelci.org/boot/all/job/next/kernel/next-20150903/

Changes in v4:
- Added bus.pre_probe callback so the probes of Primecell devices can be
  deferred if their device IDs cannot be yet read because of the clock
  driver not having probed when they are registered. Maybe this goes
  overboard and the matching information should be in the DT if there is
  one.
- Rename of_platform_probe to of_device_probe
- Use device_node.device instead of device_node.platform_dev
- Take a reference to the regulator's device to prevent dangling
  pointers
- Add Kconfig DELAY_DEVICE_PROBES to allow disabling delayed probing in
  machines with initcalls that depend on devices probing at a given time.
- Start processing deferred probes in device_initcall_sync
- Also defer probes of AMBA devices registered from the DT as they can
  also request resources.

Changes in v3:
- Set and use device_node.platform_dev instead of reversing the logic to
  find the platform device that encloses a device node.
- Drop the fwnode API to probe firmware nodes and add OF-only API for
  now. I think this same scheme could be used for machines with ACPI,
  but I haven't been able to find one that had to defer its probes because
  of the device probe order.
- Avoid unlocking the regulator device's mutex if we don't have a device

Changes in v2:
- Acquire regulator device lock before returning from regulator_dev_lookup()

Tomeu Vizoso (22):
  driver core: Add pre_probe callback to bus_type
  ARM: amba: Move reading of periphid to pre_probe()
  of/platform: Point to struct device from device node
  of: add function to allow probing a device from a OF node
  gpio: Probe GPIO drivers on demand
  gpio: Probe pinctrl devices on demand
  regulator: core: Reduce critical area in _regulator_get
  regulator: core: Probe regulators on demand
  drm: Probe panels on demand
  drm/tegra: Probe dpaux devices on demand
  i2c: core: Probe i2c adapters and devices on demand
  pwm: Probe PWM chip devices on demand
  backlight: Probe backlight devices on demand
  usb: phy: Probe phy devices on demand
  clk: Probe clk providers on demand
  pinctrl: Probe pinctrl devices on demand
  phy: core: Probe phy providers on demand
  dma: of: Probe DMA controllers on demand
  power-supply: Probe power supplies on demand
  driver core: Allow deferring probes until late init
  driver core: Start processing deferred probes earlier
  of/platform: Defer probes of registered devices

 drivers/amba/bus.c                  | 78 ++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 drivers/base/Kconfig                | 18 +++++++++
 drivers/base/dd.c                   | 35 ++++++++++++++++-
 drivers/clk/clk.c                   |  3 ++
 drivers/dma/of-dma.c                |  3 ++
 drivers/gpio/gpiolib-of.c           |  5 +++
 drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panel.c         |  3 ++
 drivers/gpu/drm/tegra/dpaux.c       |  3 ++
 drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c              |  4 ++
 drivers/of/device.c                 | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 drivers/of/platform.c               | 26 +++++++------
 drivers/phy/phy-core.c              |  3 ++
 drivers/pinctrl/devicetree.c        |  3 ++
 drivers/power/power_supply_core.c   |  3 ++
 drivers/pwm/core.c                  |  3 ++
 drivers/regulator/core.c            | 58 ++++++++++++++++++---------
 drivers/usb/phy/phy.c               |  3 ++
 drivers/video/backlight/backlight.c |  3 ++
 include/linux/device.h              |  6 +++
 include/linux/of.h                  |  1 +
 include/linux/of_device.h           |  3 ++
 21 files changed, 251 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-)

-- 
2.4.3

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#1220118 — [PATCH v4 13/22] backlight: Probe backlight devices on demand

When looking up a backlight device through its OF node, probe it if it
hasn't already.

The goal is to reduce deferred probes to a minimum, as it makes it very
cumbersome to find out why a device failed to probe, and can introduce
very big delays in when a critical device is probed.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4: None
Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/video/backlight/backlight.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/video/backlight/backlight.c b/drivers/video/backlight/backlight.c
index bddc8b17a4d8..9bcdc16eacdf 100644
--- a/drivers/video/backlight/backlight.c
+++ b/drivers/video/backlight/backlight.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/fb.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/of_device.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PMAC_BACKLIGHT
 #include <asm/backlight.h>
@@ -559,6 +560,8 @@ struct backlight_device *of_find_backlight_by_node(struct device_node *node)
 {
 	struct device *dev;
 
+	of_device_probe(node);
+
 	dev = class_find_device(backlight_class, NULL, node, of_parent_match);
 
 	return dev ? to_backlight_device(dev) : NULL;
-- 
2.4.3

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#1220119 — [PATCH v4 05/22] gpio: Probe GPIO drivers on demand

When looking up a gpiochip through its firmware node, probe it if it
hasn't already.

The goal is to reduce deferred probes to a minimum, as it makes it very
cumbersome to find out why a device failed to probe, and can introduce
very big delays in when a critical device is probed.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4: None
Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/gpio/gpiolib-of.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/gpio/gpiolib-of.c b/drivers/gpio/gpiolib-of.c
index fa6e3c8823d6..9a439dab7a87 100644
--- a/drivers/gpio/gpiolib-of.c
+++ b/drivers/gpio/gpiolib-of.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
 #include <linux/of.h>
 #include <linux/of_address.h>
+#include <linux/of_device.h>
 #include <linux/of_gpio.h>
 #include <linux/pinctrl/pinctrl.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
@@ -95,6 +96,8 @@ struct gpio_desc *of_get_named_gpiod_flags(struct device_node *np,
 		return ERR_PTR(ret);
 	}
 
+	of_device_probe(gg_data.gpiospec.np);
+
 	gpiochip_find(&gg_data, of_gpiochip_find_and_xlate);
 
 	of_node_put(gg_data.gpiospec.np);
-- 
2.4.3

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#1220120 — [PATCH v4 03/22] of/platform: Point to struct device from device node

When adding a platform device, set the device node's device member to
point to it.

This speeds lookups considerably and is safe because we only create one
platform device for any given device node.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4: None
Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/of/platform.c | 13 +++++--------
 include/linux/of.h    |  1 +
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/of/platform.c b/drivers/of/platform.c
index 1001efaedcb8..baf04d7249bd 100644
--- a/drivers/of/platform.c
+++ b/drivers/of/platform.c
@@ -32,11 +32,6 @@ const struct of_device_id of_default_bus_match_table[] = {
 	{} /* Empty terminated list */
 };
 
-static int of_dev_node_match(struct device *dev, void *data)
-{
-	return dev->of_node == data;
-}
-
 /**
  * of_find_device_by_node - Find the platform_device associated with a node
  * @np: Pointer to device tree node
@@ -45,10 +40,10 @@ static int of_dev_node_match(struct device *dev, void *data)
  */
 struct platform_device *of_find_device_by_node(struct device_node *np)
 {
-	struct device *dev;
+	if (np->device && np->device->bus == &platform_bus_type)
+		return to_platform_device(np->device);
 
-	dev = bus_find_device(&platform_bus_type, NULL, np, of_dev_node_match);
-	return dev ? to_platform_device(dev) : NULL;
+	return NULL;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(of_find_device_by_node);
 
@@ -192,6 +187,8 @@ static struct platform_device *of_platform_device_create_pdata(
 		goto err_clear_flag;
 	}
 
+	np->device = &dev->dev;
+
 	return dev;
 
 err_clear_flag:
diff --git a/include/linux/of.h b/include/linux/of.h
index 2194b8ca41f9..eb091be0f8ee 100644
--- a/include/linux/of.h
+++ b/include/linux/of.h
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ struct device_node {
 	phandle phandle;
 	const char *full_name;
 	struct fwnode_handle fwnode;
+	struct device *device;
 
 	struct	property *properties;
 	struct	property *deadprops;	/* removed properties */
-- 
2.4.3

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#1220121 — [PATCH v4 09/22] drm: Probe panels on demand

When looking up a panel through its OF node, probe it if it hasn't
already.

The goal is to reduce deferred probes to a minimum, as it makes it very
cumbersome to find out why a device failed to probe, and can introduce
very big delays in when a critical device is probed.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4: None
Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panel.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panel.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panel.c
index 2ef988e037b7..ad79a7b9c74d 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panel.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_panel.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 #include <linux/err.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/of_device.h>
 
 #include <drm/drm_crtc.h>
 #include <drm/drm_panel.h>
@@ -80,6 +81,8 @@ struct drm_panel *of_drm_find_panel(struct device_node *np)
 {
 	struct drm_panel *panel;
 
+	of_device_probe(np);
+
 	mutex_lock(&panel_lock);
 
 	list_for_each_entry(panel, &panel_list, list) {
-- 
2.4.3

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#1220122 — [PATCH v4 20/22] driver core: Allow deferring probes until late init

Add a field to struct device that instructs the device-driver core to
defer the probe of this device until the late_initcall level.

By letting all built-in drivers to register before starting to probe, we
can avoid any deferred probes by probing dependencies on demand.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>

---

Changes in v4:
- Add Kconfig DELAY_DEVICE_PROBES to allow disabling delayed probing in
  machines with initcalls that depend on devices probing at a given time.

Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/base/Kconfig   | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 drivers/base/dd.c      |  7 +++++++
 include/linux/device.h |  2 ++
 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/base/Kconfig b/drivers/base/Kconfig
index 98504ec99c7d..44b5d33b1f49 100644
--- a/drivers/base/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/base/Kconfig
@@ -324,4 +324,22 @@ config CMA_ALIGNMENT
 
 endif
 
+config DELAY_DEVICE_PROBES
+	bool "Allow delaying the probe of some devices"
+	default y
+	help
+	  Devices can be matched to a driver and probed from the moment they
+	  are registered, but early during boot their probes are likely to be
+	  deferred because some dependency isn't available yet because most
+	  drivers haven't been registered yet.
+
+	  Enabling this option allows the device registration code to delay the
+	  probing of a specific device until device_initcall_sync, when all
+	  built-in drivers have been registered already.
+
+	  In some platforms there may be implicit assumptions about when some
+	  devices are probed, so enabling this option could cause problems there.
+
+	  If unsure, say Y here.
+
 endmenu
diff --git a/drivers/base/dd.c b/drivers/base/dd.c
index faf60bfc46b3..0654fb771a53 100644
--- a/drivers/base/dd.c
+++ b/drivers/base/dd.c
@@ -417,6 +417,13 @@ int driver_probe_device(struct device_driver *drv, struct device *dev)
 	if (!device_is_registered(dev))
 		return -ENODEV;
 
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DELAY_DEVICE_PROBES)
+	if (!driver_deferred_probe_enable && dev->probe_late) {
+		driver_deferred_probe_add(dev);
+		return 0;
+	}
+#endif
+
 	pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: matched device %s with driver %s\n",
 		 drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);
 
diff --git a/include/linux/device.h b/include/linux/device.h
index d8be07bc9c3f..fe5c50ffd7d3 100644
--- a/include/linux/device.h
+++ b/include/linux/device.h
@@ -748,6 +748,7 @@ struct device_dma_parameters {
  *
  * @offline_disabled: If set, the device is permanently online.
  * @offline:	Set after successful invocation of bus type's .offline().
+ * @probe_late:	If set, device will be probed in the late initcall level.
  *
  * At the lowest level, every device in a Linux system is represented by an
  * instance of struct device. The device structure contains the information
@@ -832,6 +833,7 @@ struct device {
 
 	bool			offline_disabled:1;
 	bool			offline:1;
+	bool			probe_late:1;
 };
 
 static inline struct device *kobj_to_dev(struct kobject *kobj)
-- 
2.4.3

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#1222774 — Re: [PATCH v4 20/22] driver core: Allow deferring probes until late init

[Multipart message — attachments visible in raw view] — view raw

On Mon, Sep 07, 2015 at 02:23:45PM +0200, Tomeu Vizoso wrote:
> Add a field to struct device that instructs the device-driver core to
> defer the probe of this device until the late_initcall level.
> 
> By letting all built-in drivers to register before starting to probe, we
> can avoid any deferred probes by probing dependencies on demand.

Is this not going to resut in massive churn as we go through and set
this flag for a massive proportion of drivers?  Could we mitigate this
by having a first pass at setting this per subsystem or something so
that we get a good proportion of drivers with changes in core code?

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#1223949 — Re: [PATCH v4 20/22] driver core: Allow deferring probes until late init

On 11 September 2015 at 14:17, Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> wrote:
> On Mon, Sep 07, 2015 at 02:23:45PM +0200, Tomeu Vizoso wrote:
>> Add a field to struct device that instructs the device-driver core to
>> defer the probe of this device until the late_initcall level.
>>
>> By letting all built-in drivers to register before starting to probe, we
>> can avoid any deferred probes by probing dependencies on demand.
>
> Is this not going to resut in massive churn as we go through and set
> this flag for a massive proportion of drivers?  Could we mitigate this
> by having a first pass at setting this per subsystem or something so
> that we get a good proportion of drivers with changes in core code?

I think this flag should be only set during the initial registration
of devices (eg. acpi_device_add, of_device_add, etc), as by delaying
the probe of those we are automatically delaying the probe of the
rest.

Regards,

Tomeu
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#1220123 — [PATCH v4 14/22] usb: phy: Probe phy devices on demand

When looking up a phy through its OF node, probe it if it hasn't
already.

The goal is to reduce deferred probes to a minimum, as it makes it very
cumbersome to find out why a device failed to probe, and can introduce
very big delays in when a critical device is probed.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4: None
Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/usb/phy/phy.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/usb/phy/phy.c b/drivers/usb/phy/phy.c
index 98f75d2842b7..fb0b650bb494 100644
--- a/drivers/usb/phy/phy.c
+++ b/drivers/usb/phy/phy.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/of.h>
+#include <linux/of_device.h>
 
 #include <linux/usb/phy.h>
 
@@ -196,6 +197,8 @@ struct  usb_phy *devm_usb_get_phy_by_node(struct device *dev,
 		goto err0;
 	}
 
+	of_device_probe(node);
+
 	spin_lock_irqsave(&phy_lock, flags);
 
 	phy = __of_usb_find_phy(node);
-- 
2.4.3

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#1220125 — [PATCH v4 15/22] clk: Probe clk providers on demand

When looking up a clock through its OF node, probe it if it hasn't
already.

The goal is to reduce deferred probes to a minimum, as it makes it very
cumbersome to find out why a device failed to probe, and can introduce
very big delays in when a critical device is probed.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4: None
Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/clk/clk.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/clk/clk.c b/drivers/clk/clk.c
index 43e2c3ad6c31..e5fe02a11c36 100644
--- a/drivers/clk/clk.c
+++ b/drivers/clk/clk.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <linux/list.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/of.h>
+#include <linux/of_device.h>
 #include <linux/device.h>
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
@@ -3004,6 +3005,8 @@ struct clk *__of_clk_get_from_provider(struct of_phandle_args *clkspec,
 	if (!clkspec)
 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 
+	of_device_probe(clkspec->np);
+
 	/* Check if we have such a provider in our array */
 	mutex_lock(&of_clk_mutex);
 	list_for_each_entry(provider, &of_clk_providers, link) {
-- 
2.4.3

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#1220126 — [PATCH v4 22/22] of/platform: Defer probes of registered devices

Instead of trying to match and probe platform and AMBA devices right
after each is registered, delay their probes until device_initcall_sync.

This means that devices will start probing once all built-in drivers
have registered, and after all platform and AMBA devices from the DT
have been registered already.

This allows us to prevent deferred probes by probing dependencies on
demand.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4:
- Also defer probes of AMBA devices registered from the DT as they can
  also request resources.

Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/of/platform.c | 11 ++++++++---
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/of/platform.c b/drivers/of/platform.c
index f089d95ac961..a9397ce838ea 100644
--- a/drivers/of/platform.c
+++ b/drivers/of/platform.c
@@ -164,7 +164,8 @@ static struct platform_device *of_platform_device_create_pdata(
 					struct device_node *np,
 					const char *bus_id,
 					void *platform_data,
-					struct device *parent)
+					struct device *parent,
+					bool probe_late)
 {
 	struct platform_device *dev;
 
@@ -178,6 +179,7 @@ static struct platform_device *of_platform_device_create_pdata(
 
 	dev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type;
 	dev->dev.platform_data = platform_data;
+	dev->dev.probe_late = probe_late;
 	of_dma_configure(&dev->dev, dev->dev.of_node);
 	of_msi_configure(&dev->dev, dev->dev.of_node);
 
@@ -209,7 +211,8 @@ struct platform_device *of_platform_device_create(struct device_node *np,
 					    const char *bus_id,
 					    struct device *parent)
 {
-	return of_platform_device_create_pdata(np, bus_id, NULL, parent);
+	return of_platform_device_create_pdata(np, bus_id, NULL, parent,
+					       false);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(of_platform_device_create);
 
@@ -240,6 +243,7 @@ static struct amba_device *of_amba_device_create(struct device_node *node,
 	dev->dev.of_node = of_node_get(node);
 	dev->dev.parent = parent ? : &platform_bus;
 	dev->dev.platform_data = platform_data;
+	dev->dev.probe_late = true;
 	if (bus_id)
 		dev_set_name(&dev->dev, "%s", bus_id);
 	else
@@ -358,7 +362,8 @@ static int of_platform_bus_create(struct device_node *bus,
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	dev = of_platform_device_create_pdata(bus, bus_id, platform_data, parent);
+	dev = of_platform_device_create_pdata(bus, bus_id, platform_data,
+					      parent, true);
 	if (!dev || !of_match_node(matches, bus))
 		return 0;
 
-- 
2.4.3

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#1220127 — [PATCH v4 16/22] pinctrl: Probe pinctrl devices on demand

When looking up a pin controller through its OF node, probe it if it
hasn't already.

The goal is to reduce deferred probes to a minimum, as it makes it very
cumbersome to find out why a device failed to probe, and can introduce
very big delays in when a critical device is probed.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4: None
Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/pinctrl/devicetree.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/pinctrl/devicetree.c b/drivers/pinctrl/devicetree.c
index fe04e748dfe4..f5340b8e1dbe 100644
--- a/drivers/pinctrl/devicetree.c
+++ b/drivers/pinctrl/devicetree.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <linux/device.h>
 #include <linux/of.h>
+#include <linux/of_device.h>
 #include <linux/pinctrl/pinctrl.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 
@@ -110,6 +111,8 @@ static int dt_to_map_one_config(struct pinctrl *p, const char *statename,
 	struct pinctrl_map *map;
 	unsigned num_maps;
 
+	of_device_probe(np_config);
+
 	/* Find the pin controller containing np_config */
 	np_pctldev = of_node_get(np_config);
 	for (;;) {
-- 
2.4.3

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#1220128 — [PATCH v4 21/22] driver core: Start processing deferred probes earlier

Some initcalls in the late level assume that some devices will have
already probed without explicitly checking for that.

After the recent move to defer most device probes when they are
registered, pressure increased in the late initcall level.

By starting the processing of the deferred queue in device_initcall_sync
we increase the chances that the initcalls mentioned before will find
the devices they depend on to have already probed.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4:
- Start processing deferred probes in device_initcall_sync

Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/base/dd.c | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/base/dd.c b/drivers/base/dd.c
index 0654fb771a53..b6a22cff78cf 100644
--- a/drivers/base/dd.c
+++ b/drivers/base/dd.c
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ static void driver_deferred_probe_trigger(void)
  *
  * We don't want to get in the way when the bulk of drivers are getting probed.
  * Instead, this initcall makes sure that deferred probing is delayed until
- * late_initcall time.
+ * device_initcall_sync time.
  */
 static int deferred_probe_initcall(void)
 {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ static int deferred_probe_initcall(void)
 	flush_workqueue(deferred_wq);
 	return 0;
 }
-late_initcall(deferred_probe_initcall);
+device_initcall_sync(deferred_probe_initcall);
 
 static void driver_bound(struct device *dev)
 {
-- 
2.4.3

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#1222794 — Re: [PATCH v4 21/22] driver core: Start processing deferred probes earlier

[Multipart message — attachments visible in raw view] — view raw

On Mon, Sep 07, 2015 at 02:23:46PM +0200, Tomeu Vizoso wrote:
> Some initcalls in the late level assume that some devices will have
> already probed without explicitly checking for that.
> 
> After the recent move to defer most device probes when they are
> registered, pressure increased in the late initcall level.
> 
> By starting the processing of the deferred queue in device_initcall_sync
> we increase the chances that the initcalls mentioned before will find
> the devices they depend on to have already probed.

Which cases do we have that are outside the driver model and thus
affected by this?  USB gadgets are one case I'm aware of, and cpufreq is
still problematic.  I'm wondering if it might be tractable to address
the actual problems with the remaining reliance on init ordering here.

I'm also wondering if we might end up running into situations where this
makes the problem with havinng to defer probes more of an issue on some
systems - since we start trying earlier while we are still doing our
first pass initialisation we could end up deferring some device then
retrying it a bunch of times while going through the earlier phases of
init as we continue to register more devices.

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#1225090 — Re: [PATCH v4 21/22] driver core: Start processing deferred probes earlier

On 11 September 2015 at 14:24, Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org> wrote:
> On Mon, Sep 07, 2015 at 02:23:46PM +0200, Tomeu Vizoso wrote:
>> Some initcalls in the late level assume that some devices will have
>> already probed without explicitly checking for that.
>>
>> After the recent move to defer most device probes when they are
>> registered, pressure increased in the late initcall level.
>>
>> By starting the processing of the deferred queue in device_initcall_sync
>> we increase the chances that the initcalls mentioned before will find
>> the devices they depend on to have already probed.
>
> Which cases do we have that are outside the driver model and thus
> affected by this?  USB gadgets are one case I'm aware of, and cpufreq is
> still problematic.  I'm wondering if it might be tractable to address
> the actual problems with the remaining reliance on init ordering here.

Actually, I don't know of any specific case that needs this commit.
The present series without this patch passes on all the boards in
kernelci, but Grygorii Strashko argued for it during the review of the
earlier version of this series:
http://lkml.kernel.org/g/55CE3D04.8000607@ti.com

IMO it would be better to not apply this patch until the need arises,
and even then, it may be better to make the dependencies explicit
instead of relying on implicit ordering and messing with the link
order.

> I'm also wondering if we might end up running into situations where this
> makes the problem with havinng to defer probes more of an issue on some
> systems - since we start trying earlier while we are still doing our
> first pass initialisation we could end up deferring some device then
> retrying it a bunch of times while going through the earlier phases of
> init as we continue to register more devices.

With the rest of the series this shouldn't happen as all/most deferred
probes should be avoided.

Regards,

Tomeu
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#1220131 — [PATCH v4 07/22] regulator: core: Reduce critical area in _regulator_get

By moving the locking of regulator_list_mutex into regulator_dev_lookup,
where it is iterated over. The reference count of the regulator's device
is increased in case it's unregistered while in use.

In _regulator_get() the regulator_list_mutex mutex was held for most of
the function, but that is only strictly needed to protect the list
lookups.

This change would be useful if for example regulator devices could be
registered on demand when a driver requests them. regulator_register()
could end up being called from within _regulator_get while the lock on
regulator_list_mutex is being held, causing a deadlock.

This sequence illustrates the situation described above:

tegra_hdmi_probe
	_regulator_get
		regulator_dev_lookup
			of_device_probe
				reg_fixed_voltage_probe
					regulator_register

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4:
- Take a reference to the regulator's device to prevent dangling
  pointers

Changes in v3:
- Avoid unlocking the regulator device's mutex if we don't have a device

Changes in v2:
- Acquire regulator device lock before returning from regulator_dev_lookup()

 drivers/regulator/core.c | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/regulator/core.c b/drivers/regulator/core.c
index 7150ff6ef46b..f4aa6cae76d5 100644
--- a/drivers/regulator/core.c
+++ b/drivers/regulator/core.c
@@ -1340,10 +1340,15 @@ static struct regulator_dev *regulator_dev_lookup(struct device *dev,
 	if (dev && dev->of_node) {
 		node = of_get_regulator(dev, supply);
 		if (node) {
+			mutex_lock(&regulator_list_mutex);
 			list_for_each_entry(r, &regulator_list, list)
 				if (r->dev.parent &&
-					node == r->dev.of_node)
+				    node == r->dev.of_node &&
+				    get_device(&r->dev)) {
+					mutex_unlock(&regulator_list_mutex);
 					return r;
+				}
+			mutex_unlock(&regulator_list_mutex);
 			*ret = -EPROBE_DEFER;
 			return NULL;
 		} else {
@@ -1361,9 +1366,13 @@ static struct regulator_dev *regulator_dev_lookup(struct device *dev,
 	if (dev)
 		devname = dev_name(dev);
 
+	mutex_lock(&regulator_list_mutex);
 	list_for_each_entry(r, &regulator_list, list)
-		if (strcmp(rdev_get_name(r), supply) == 0)
+		if (strcmp(rdev_get_name(r), supply) == 0 &&
+		    get_device(&r->dev)) {
+			mutex_unlock(&regulator_list_mutex);
 			return r;
+		}
 
 	list_for_each_entry(map, &regulator_map_list, list) {
 		/* If the mapping has a device set up it must match */
@@ -1371,9 +1380,13 @@ static struct regulator_dev *regulator_dev_lookup(struct device *dev,
 		    (!devname || strcmp(map->dev_name, devname)))
 			continue;
 
-		if (strcmp(map->supply, supply) == 0)
+		if (strcmp(map->supply, supply) == 0 &&
+		    get_device(&map->regulator->dev)) {
+			mutex_unlock(&regulator_list_mutex);
 			return map->regulator;
+		}
 	}
+	mutex_unlock(&regulator_list_mutex);
 
 
 	return NULL;
@@ -1405,6 +1418,7 @@ static int regulator_resolve_supply(struct regulator_dev *rdev)
 	if (!r) {
 		if (have_full_constraints()) {
 			r = dummy_regulator_rdev;
+			get_device(&r->dev);
 		} else {
 			dev_err(dev, "Failed to resolve %s-supply for %s\n",
 				rdev->supply_name, rdev->desc->name);
@@ -1414,12 +1428,16 @@ static int regulator_resolve_supply(struct regulator_dev *rdev)
 
 	/* Recursively resolve the supply of the supply */
 	ret = regulator_resolve_supply(r);
-	if (ret < 0)
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		put_device(&r->dev);
 		return ret;
+	}
 
 	ret = set_supply(rdev, r);
-	if (ret < 0)
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		put_device(&r->dev);
 		return ret;
+	}
 
 	/* Cascade always-on state to supply */
 	if (_regulator_is_enabled(rdev) && rdev->supply) {
@@ -1455,8 +1473,6 @@ static struct regulator *_regulator_get(struct device *dev, const char *id,
 	else
 		ret = -EPROBE_DEFER;
 
-	mutex_lock(&regulator_list_mutex);
-
 	rdev = regulator_dev_lookup(dev, id, &ret);
 	if (rdev)
 		goto found;
@@ -1468,7 +1484,7 @@ static struct regulator *_regulator_get(struct device *dev, const char *id,
 	 * succeed, so, quit with appropriate error value
 	 */
 	if (ret && ret != -ENODEV)
-		goto out;
+		return regulator;
 
 	if (!devname)
 		devname = "deviceless";
@@ -1482,40 +1498,46 @@ static struct regulator *_regulator_get(struct device *dev, const char *id,
 			devname, id);
 
 		rdev = dummy_regulator_rdev;
+		get_device(&rdev->dev);
 		goto found;
 	/* Don't log an error when called from regulator_get_optional() */
 	} else if (!have_full_constraints() || exclusive) {
 		dev_warn(dev, "dummy supplies not allowed\n");
 	}
 
-	mutex_unlock(&regulator_list_mutex);
 	return regulator;
 
 found:
 	if (rdev->exclusive) {
 		regulator = ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
-		goto out;
+		put_device(&rdev->dev);
+		return regulator;
 	}
 
 	if (exclusive && rdev->open_count) {
 		regulator = ERR_PTR(-EBUSY);
-		goto out;
+		put_device(&rdev->dev);
+		return regulator;
 	}
 
 	ret = regulator_resolve_supply(rdev);
 	if (ret < 0) {
 		regulator = ERR_PTR(ret);
-		goto out;
+		put_device(&rdev->dev);
+		return regulator;
 	}
 
-	if (!try_module_get(rdev->owner))
-		goto out;
+	if (!try_module_get(rdev->owner)) {
+		put_device(&rdev->dev);
+		return regulator;
+	}
 
 	regulator = create_regulator(rdev, dev, id);
 	if (regulator == NULL) {
 		regulator = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+		put_device(&rdev->dev);
 		module_put(rdev->owner);
-		goto out;
+		return regulator;
 	}
 
 	rdev->open_count++;
@@ -1529,9 +1551,6 @@ found:
 			rdev->use_count = 0;
 	}
 
-out:
-	mutex_unlock(&regulator_list_mutex);
-
 	return regulator;
 }
 
@@ -1629,6 +1648,7 @@ static void _regulator_put(struct regulator *regulator)
 
 	rdev->open_count--;
 	rdev->exclusive = 0;
+	put_device(&rdev->dev);
 	mutex_unlock(&rdev->mutex);
 
 	kfree(regulator->supply_name);
-- 
2.4.3

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#1222770 — Re: [PATCH v4 07/22] regulator: core: Reduce critical area in _regulator_get

[Multipart message — attachments visible in raw view] — view raw

On Mon, Sep 07, 2015 at 02:23:32PM +0200, Tomeu Vizoso wrote:
> By moving the locking of regulator_list_mutex into regulator_dev_lookup,
> where it is iterated over. The reference count of the regulator's device
> is increased in case it's unregistered while in use.
> 
> In _regulator_get() the regulator_list_mutex mutex was held for most of
> the function, but that is only strictly needed to protect the list
> lookups.
> 
> This change would be useful if for example regulator devices could be
> registered on demand when a driver requests them. regulator_register()
> could end up being called from within _regulator_get while the lock on
> regulator_list_mutex is being held, causing a deadlock.

The fix for this is to convert the code to use the list maintained by
the driver core for regulator class to iterate the regulators rather
than fiddle about with the locking.  I'm pretty sure the current locking
has problems and I'm worried that this may make those problems worse.

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#1220132 — [PATCH v4 11/22] i2c: core: Probe i2c adapters and devices on demand

When looking up an i2c adapter or device through its OF node, probe it
if it hasn't already.

The goal is to reduce deferred probes to a minimum, as it makes it very
cumbersome to find out why a device failed to probe, and can introduce
very big delays in when a critical device is probed.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4: None
Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c b/drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c
index 5f89f1e3c2f2..02da3acbbd35 100644
--- a/drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c
+++ b/drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c
@@ -1413,6 +1413,8 @@ struct i2c_client *of_find_i2c_device_by_node(struct device_node *node)
 	struct device *dev;
 	struct i2c_client *client;
 
+	of_device_probe(node);
+
 	dev = bus_find_device(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, node, of_dev_node_match);
 	if (!dev)
 		return NULL;
@@ -1431,6 +1433,8 @@ struct i2c_adapter *of_find_i2c_adapter_by_node(struct device_node *node)
 	struct device *dev;
 	struct i2c_adapter *adapter;
 
+	of_device_probe(node);
+
 	dev = bus_find_device(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, node, of_dev_node_match);
 	if (!dev)
 		return NULL;
-- 
2.4.3

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#1220133 — [PATCH v4 12/22] pwm: Probe PWM chip devices on demand

When looking up a PWM chip through its OF node, probe it if it hasn't
already.

The goal is to reduce deferred probes to a minimum, as it makes it very
cumbersome to find out why a device failed to probe, and can introduce
very big delays in when a critical device is probed.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4: None
Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/pwm/core.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/pwm/core.c b/drivers/pwm/core.c
index 3f9df3ea3350..794a923df0d8 100644
--- a/drivers/pwm/core.c
+++ b/drivers/pwm/core.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <linux/device.h>
 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/of_device.h>
 
 #include <dt-bindings/pwm/pwm.h>
 
@@ -516,6 +517,8 @@ static struct pwm_chip *of_node_to_pwmchip(struct device_node *np)
 {
 	struct pwm_chip *chip;
 
+	of_device_probe(np);
+
 	mutex_lock(&pwm_lock);
 
 	list_for_each_entry(chip, &pwm_chips, list)
-- 
2.4.3

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#1220136 — [PATCH v4 02/22] ARM: amba: Move reading of periphid to pre_probe()

Reading the periphid when the Primecell device is registered means that
the apb pclk must be available by then or the device won't be registered
at all.

By moving this code to pre_probe (to be called by the device-driver core
before the device is matched to a driver) we remove any order
requirements.

Signed-off-by: Tomeu Vizoso <tomeu.vizoso@collabora.com>
---

Changes in v4:
- Added bus.pre_probe callback so the probes of Primecell devices can be
  deferred if their device IDs cannot be yet read because of the clock
  driver not having probed when they are registered. Maybe this goes
  overboard and the matching information should be in the DT if there is
  one.

Changes in v3: None
Changes in v2: None

 drivers/amba/bus.c | 78 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/amba/bus.c b/drivers/amba/bus.c
index f0099360039e..1cbe43b4acd3 100644
--- a/drivers/amba/bus.c
+++ b/drivers/amba/bus.c
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 
 #define to_amba_driver(d)	container_of(d, struct amba_driver, drv)
 
+static int amba_pre_probe(struct device *dev);
+
 static const struct amba_id *
 amba_lookup(const struct amba_id *table, struct amba_device *dev)
 {
@@ -193,6 +195,7 @@ struct bus_type amba_bustype = {
 	.name		= "amba",
 	.dev_attrs	= amba_dev_attrs,
 	.match		= amba_match,
+	.pre_probe	= amba_pre_probe,
 	.uevent		= amba_uevent,
 	.pm		= &amba_pm,
 };
@@ -336,44 +339,26 @@ static void amba_device_release(struct device *dev)
 	kfree(d);
 }
 
-/**
- *	amba_device_add - add a previously allocated AMBA device structure
- *	@dev: AMBA device allocated by amba_device_alloc
- *	@parent: resource parent for this devices resources
- *
- *	Claim the resource, and read the device cell ID if not already
- *	initialized.  Register the AMBA device with the Linux device
- *	manager.
- */
-int amba_device_add(struct amba_device *dev, struct resource *parent)
+static int amba_pre_probe(struct device *dev)
 {
+	struct amba_device *d = to_amba_device(dev);
 	u32 size;
 	void __iomem *tmp;
 	int i, ret;
 
-	WARN_ON(dev->irq[0] == (unsigned int)-1);
-	WARN_ON(dev->irq[1] == (unsigned int)-1);
-
-	ret = request_resource(parent, &dev->res);
-	if (ret)
-		goto err_out;
-
-	/* Hard-coded primecell ID instead of plug-n-play */
-	if (dev->periphid != 0)
-		goto skip_probe;
+	if (d->periphid != 0)
+		return 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * Dynamically calculate the size of the resource
 	 * and use this for iomap
 	 */
-	size = resource_size(&dev->res);
-	tmp = ioremap(dev->res.start, size);
-	if (!tmp) {
-		ret = -ENOMEM;
-		goto err_release;
-	}
+	size = resource_size(&d->res);
+	tmp = ioremap(d->res.start, size);
+	if (!tmp)
+		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	ret = amba_get_enable_pclk(dev);
+	ret = amba_get_enable_pclk(d);
 	if (ret == 0) {
 		u32 pid, cid;
 
@@ -388,37 +373,50 @@ int amba_device_add(struct amba_device *dev, struct resource *parent)
 			cid |= (readl(tmp + size - 0x10 + 4 * i) & 255) <<
 				(i * 8);
 
-		amba_put_disable_pclk(dev);
+		amba_put_disable_pclk(d);
 
 		if (cid == AMBA_CID || cid == CORESIGHT_CID)
-			dev->periphid = pid;
+			d->periphid = pid;
 
-		if (!dev->periphid)
+		if (!d->periphid)
 			ret = -ENODEV;
 	}
 
 	iounmap(tmp);
 
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/**
+ *	amba_device_add - add a previously allocated AMBA device structure
+ *	@dev: AMBA device allocated by amba_device_alloc
+ *	@parent: resource parent for this devices resources
+ *
+ *	Claim the resource, and register the AMBA device with the Linux device
+ *	manager.
+ */
+int amba_device_add(struct amba_device *dev, struct resource *parent)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	WARN_ON(dev->irq[0] == (unsigned int)-1);
+	WARN_ON(dev->irq[1] == (unsigned int)-1);
+
+	ret = request_resource(parent, &dev->res);
 	if (ret)
-		goto err_release;
+		return ret;
 
- skip_probe:
 	ret = device_add(&dev->dev);
 	if (ret)
-		goto err_release;
+		return ret;
 
 	if (dev->irq[0])
 		ret = device_create_file(&dev->dev, &dev_attr_irq0);
 	if (ret == 0 && dev->irq[1])
 		ret = device_create_file(&dev->dev, &dev_attr_irq1);
-	if (ret == 0)
-		return ret;
-
-	device_unregister(&dev->dev);
+	if (ret)
+		device_unregister(&dev->dev);
 
- err_release:
-	release_resource(&dev->res);
- err_out:
 	return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(amba_device_add);
-- 
2.4.3

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