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Groups > linux.kernel > #1201290

[PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 008/107] x86/nmi/64: Improve nested NMI comments

From Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
Newsgroups linux.kernel
Subject [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 008/107] x86/nmi/64: Improve nested NMI comments
Date 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200
Message-ID <pUfma-6lp-15@gated-at.bofh.it> (permalink)
References <pUeJs-5l3-25@gated-at.bofh.it>
Organization linux.* mail to news gateway

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3.19.8-ckt5 -stable review patch.  If anyone has any objections, please let me know.

------------------

From: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>

commit 0b22930ebad563ae97ff3f8d7b9f12060b4c6e6b upstream.

I found the nested NMI documentation to be difficult to follow.
Improve the comments.

Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
[bwh: Backported to 4.0: adjust filename, context]
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
Acked-by: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com>
Acked-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
---
 arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S | 159 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c      |   4 +-
 2 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 70 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S b/arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S
index b889daf..21a8acf 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S
@@ -1459,11 +1459,12 @@ ENTRY(nmi)
 	 *  If the variable is not set and the stack is not the NMI
 	 *  stack then:
 	 *    o Set the special variable on the stack
-	 *    o Copy the interrupt frame into a "saved" location on the stack
-	 *    o Copy the interrupt frame into a "copy" location on the stack
+	 *    o Copy the interrupt frame into an "outermost" location on the
+	 *      stack
+	 *    o Copy the interrupt frame into an "iret" location on the stack
 	 *    o Continue processing the NMI
 	 *  If the variable is set or the previous stack is the NMI stack:
-	 *    o Modify the "copy" location to jump to the repeate_nmi
+	 *    o Modify the "iret" location to jump to the repeat_nmi
 	 *    o return back to the first NMI
 	 *
 	 * Now on exit of the first NMI, we first clear the stack variable
@@ -1557,18 +1558,60 @@ ENTRY(nmi)
 
 .Lnmi_from_kernel:
 	/*
-	 * Check the special variable on the stack to see if NMIs are
-	 * executing.
+	 * Here's what our stack frame will look like:
+	 * +---------------------------------------------------------+
+	 * | original SS                                             |
+	 * | original Return RSP                                     |
+	 * | original RFLAGS                                         |
+	 * | original CS                                             |
+	 * | original RIP                                            |
+	 * +---------------------------------------------------------+
+	 * | temp storage for rdx                                    |
+	 * +---------------------------------------------------------+
+	 * | "NMI executing" variable                                |
+	 * +---------------------------------------------------------+
+	 * | iret SS          } Copied from "outermost" frame        |
+	 * | iret Return RSP  } on each loop iteration; overwritten  |
+	 * | iret RFLAGS      } by a nested NMI to force another     |
+	 * | iret CS          } iteration if needed.                 |
+	 * | iret RIP         }                                      |
+	 * +---------------------------------------------------------+
+	 * | outermost SS          } initialized in first_nmi;       |
+	 * | outermost Return RSP  } will not be changed before      |
+	 * | outermost RFLAGS      } NMI processing is done.         |
+	 * | outermost CS          } Copied to "iret" frame on each  |
+	 * | outermost RIP         } iteration.                      |
+	 * +---------------------------------------------------------+
+	 * | pt_regs                                                 |
+	 * +---------------------------------------------------------+
+	 *
+	 * The "original" frame is used by hardware.  Before re-enabling
+	 * NMIs, we need to be done with it, and we need to leave enough
+	 * space for the asm code here.
+	 *
+	 * We return by executing IRET while RSP points to the "iret" frame.
+	 * That will either return for real or it will loop back into NMI
+	 * processing.
+	 *
+	 * The "outermost" frame is copied to the "iret" frame on each
+	 * iteration of the loop, so each iteration starts with the "iret"
+	 * frame pointing to the final return target.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Determine whether we're a nested NMI.
+	 *
+	 * First check "NMI executing".  If it's set, then we're nested.
+	 * This will not detect if we interrupted an outer NMI just
+	 * before IRET.
 	 */
 	cmpl $1, -8(%rsp)
 	je nested_nmi
 
 	/*
-	 * Now test if the previous stack was an NMI stack.
-	 * We need the double check. We check the NMI stack to satisfy the
-	 * race when the first NMI clears the variable before returning.
-	 * We check the variable because the first NMI could be in a
-	 * breakpoint routine using a breakpoint stack.
+	 * Now test if the previous stack was an NMI stack.  This covers
+	 * the case where we interrupt an outer NMI after it clears
+	 * "NMI executing" but before IRET.
 	 */
 	lea	6*8(%rsp), %rdx
 	/* Compare the NMI stack (rdx) with the stack we came from (4*8(%rsp)) */
@@ -1585,9 +1628,11 @@ ENTRY(nmi)
 
 nested_nmi:
 	/*
-	 * Do nothing if we interrupted the fixup in repeat_nmi.
-	 * It's about to repeat the NMI handler, so we are fine
-	 * with ignoring this one.
+	 * If we interrupted an NMI that is between repeat_nmi and
+	 * end_repeat_nmi, then we must not modify the "iret" frame
+	 * because it's being written by the outer NMI.  That's okay:
+	 * the outer NMI handler is about to call do_nmi anyway,
+	 * so we can just resume the outer NMI.
 	 */
 	movq $repeat_nmi, %rdx
 	cmpq 8(%rsp), %rdx
@@ -1597,7 +1642,10 @@ nested_nmi:
 	ja nested_nmi_out
 
 1:
-	/* Set up the interrupted NMIs stack to jump to repeat_nmi */
+	/*
+	 * Modify the "iret" frame to point to repeat_nmi, forcing another
+	 * iteration of NMI handling.
+	 */
 	leaq -1*8(%rsp), %rdx
 	movq %rdx, %rsp
 	CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET 1*8
@@ -1616,60 +1664,23 @@ nested_nmi_out:
 	popq_cfi %rdx
 	CFI_RESTORE rdx
 
-	/* No need to check faults here */
+	/* We are returning to kernel mode, so this cannot result in a fault. */
 	INTERRUPT_RETURN
 
 	CFI_RESTORE_STATE
 first_nmi:
-	/*
-	 * Because nested NMIs will use the pushed location that we
-	 * stored in rdx, we must keep that space available.
-	 * Here's what our stack frame will look like:
-	 * +-------------------------+
-	 * | original SS             |
-	 * | original Return RSP     |
-	 * | original RFLAGS         |
-	 * | original CS             |
-	 * | original RIP            |
-	 * +-------------------------+
-	 * | temp storage for rdx    |
-	 * +-------------------------+
-	 * | NMI executing variable  |
-	 * +-------------------------+
-	 * | copied SS               |
-	 * | copied Return RSP       |
-	 * | copied RFLAGS           |
-	 * | copied CS               |
-	 * | copied RIP              |
-	 * +-------------------------+
-	 * | Saved SS                |
-	 * | Saved Return RSP        |
-	 * | Saved RFLAGS            |
-	 * | Saved CS                |
-	 * | Saved RIP               |
-	 * +-------------------------+
-	 * | pt_regs                 |
-	 * +-------------------------+
-	 *
-	 * The saved stack frame is used to fix up the copied stack frame
-	 * that a nested NMI may change to make the interrupted NMI iret jump
-	 * to the repeat_nmi. The original stack frame and the temp storage
-	 * is also used by nested NMIs and can not be trusted on exit.
-	 */
-	/* Do not pop rdx, nested NMIs will corrupt that part of the stack */
+	/* Restore rdx. */
 	movq (%rsp), %rdx
 	CFI_RESTORE rdx
 
-	/* Set the NMI executing variable on the stack. */
+	/* Set "NMI executing" on the stack. */
 	pushq_cfi $1
 
-	/*
-	 * Leave room for the "copied" frame
-	 */
+	/* Leave room for the "iret" frame */
 	subq $(5*8), %rsp
 	CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET 5*8
 
-	/* Copy the stack frame to the Saved frame */
+	/* Copy the "original" frame to the "outermost" frame */
 	.rept 5
 	pushq_cfi 11*8(%rsp)
 	.endr
@@ -1677,6 +1688,7 @@ first_nmi:
 
 	/* Everything up to here is safe from nested NMIs */
 
+repeat_nmi:
 	/*
 	 * If there was a nested NMI, the first NMI's iret will return
 	 * here. But NMIs are still enabled and we can take another
@@ -1685,16 +1697,21 @@ first_nmi:
 	 * it will just return, as we are about to repeat an NMI anyway.
 	 * This makes it safe to copy to the stack frame that a nested
 	 * NMI will update.
-	 */
-repeat_nmi:
-	/*
-	 * Update the stack variable to say we are still in NMI (the update
-	 * is benign for the non-repeat case, where 1 was pushed just above
-	 * to this very stack slot).
+	 *
+	 * RSP is pointing to "outermost RIP".  gsbase is unknown, but, if
+	 * we're repeating an NMI, gsbase has the same value that it had on
+	 * the first iteration.  paranoid_entry will load the kernel
+	 * gsbase if needed before we call do_nmi.
+	 *
+	 * Set "NMI executing" in case we came back here via IRET.
 	 */
 	movq $1, 10*8(%rsp)
 
-	/* Make another copy, this one may be modified by nested NMIs */
+	/*
+	 * Copy the "outermost" frame to the "iret" frame.  NMIs that nest
+	 * here must not modify the "iret" frame while we're writing to
+	 * it or it will end up containing garbage.
+	 */
 	addq $(10*8), %rsp
 	CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET -10*8
 	.rept 5
@@ -1705,9 +1722,9 @@ repeat_nmi:
 end_repeat_nmi:
 
 	/*
-	 * Everything below this point can be preempted by a nested
-	 * NMI if the first NMI took an exception and reset our iret stack
-	 * so that we repeat another NMI.
+	 * Everything below this point can be preempted by a nested NMI.
+	 * If this happens, then the inner NMI will change the "iret"
+	 * frame to point back to repeat_nmi.
 	 */
 	pushq_cfi $-1		/* ORIG_RAX: no syscall to restart */
 	subq $ORIG_RAX-R15, %rsp
@@ -1732,11 +1749,17 @@ end_repeat_nmi:
 nmi_swapgs:
 	SWAPGS_UNSAFE_STACK
 nmi_restore:
-	/* Pop the extra iret frame at once */
+
 	RESTORE_ALL 6*8
 
-	/* Clear the NMI executing stack variable */
+	/* Clear "NMI executing". */
 	movq $0, 5*8(%rsp)
+
+	/*
+	 * INTERRUPT_RETURN reads the "iret" frame and exits the NMI
+	 * stack in a single instruction.  We are returning to kernel
+	 * mode, so this cannot result in a fault.
+	 */
 	jmp irq_return
 	CFI_ENDPROC
 END(nmi)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c b/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c
index d8766b1..d05bd2e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c
@@ -408,8 +408,8 @@ static void default_do_nmi(struct pt_regs *regs)
 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(default_do_nmi);
 
 /*
- * NMIs can hit breakpoints which will cause it to lose its NMI context
- * with the CPU when the breakpoint or page fault does an IRET.
+ * NMIs can page fault or hit breakpoints which will cause it to lose
+ * its NMI context with the CPU when the breakpoint or page fault does an IRET.
  *
  * As a result, NMIs can nest if NMIs get unmasked due an IRET during
  * NMI processing.  On x86_64, the asm glue protects us from nested NMIs
-- 
1.9.1

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  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 050/107] iio: twl4030-madc: Pass the IRQF_ONESHOT flag Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:10 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 053/107] iio: adc: at91_adc: allow to use full range of startup time Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:10 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 055/107] ALSA: usb-audio: Add MIDI support for Steinberg MI2/MI4 Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:10 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 074/107] USB: serial: Destroy serial_minors IDR on module exit Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:10 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 021/107] ext4: replace open coded nofail allocation in ext4_free_blocks() Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 032/107] MIPS: kernel: cps-vec: Replace KSEG0 with CKSEG0 Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 043/107] freeing unlinked file indefinitely delayed Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 023/107] ACPI / PNP: Reserve ACPI resources at the fs_initcall_sync stage Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 034/107] drm/radeon: Clean up reference counting and pinning of the cursor BOs Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 036/107] mm: avoid setting up anonymous pages into file mapping Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 020/107] ext4: correctly migrate a file with a hole at the beginning Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 042/107] 9p: don't leave a half-initialized inode sitting around Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 040/107] cxl: Check if afu is not null in cxl_slbia Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 022/107] ARM: dts: am57xx-beagle-x15: Provide supply for usb2_phy2 Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 028/107] MIPS: kernel: smp-cps: Fix 64-bit compatibility errors due to pointer casting Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 039/107] hpfs: hpfs_error: Remove static buffer, use vsprintf extension %pV instead Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 029/107] MIPS: kernel: cps-vec: Replace 'la' macro with PTR_LA Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 017/107] ext4: avoid deadlocks in the writeback path by using sb_getblk_gfp Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 037/107] selinux: don't waste ebitmap space when importing NetLabel categories Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 015/107] Btrfs: fix fsync data loss after append write Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 031/107] MIPS: kernel: cps-vec: Use ta0-ta3 pseudo-registers for 64-bit Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 044/107] clk: qcom: Use parent rate when set rate to pixel RCG clock Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 018/107] ext4: fix reservation release on invalidatepage for delalloc fs Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 019/107] ext4: be more strict when migrating to non-extent based file Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 035/107] drm/radeon: unpin cursor BOs on suspend and pin them again on resume (v2) Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 026/107] drm/radeon: fix HDP flushing Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 030/107] MIPS: kernel: cps-vec: Replace mips32r2 ISA level with mips64r2 Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 033/107] MIPS: cps-vec: Use macros for various arithmetics and memory operations Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 045/107] drivers: clk: st: Incorrect register offset used for lock_status Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 046/107] drivers: clk: st: Fix mux bit-setting for Cortex A9 clocks Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 038/107] hpfs: kstrdup() out of memory handling Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 025/107] cxl: Fix off by one error allowing subsequent mmap page to be accessed Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 041/107] parisc: Fix some PTE/TLB race conditions and optimize __flush_tlb_range based on timing results Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 024/107] powerpc/powernv: Fix race in updating core_idle_state Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:20 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 016/107] bufferhead: Add _gfp version for sb_getblk() Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 013/107] Btrfs: use kmem_cache_free when freeing entry in inode cache Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 006/107] x86/nmi/64: Remove asm code that saves cr2 Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 008/107] x86/nmi/64: Improve nested NMI comments Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 012/107] sg_start_req(): make sure that there's not too many elements in iovec Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 005/107] x86/nmi: Enable nested do_nmi handling for 64-bit kernels Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 007/107] x86/nmi/64: Switch stacks on userspace NMI entry Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 002/107] evm: labeling pseudo filesystems exception Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 014/107] Btrfs: fix race between caching kthread and returning inode to inode cache Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 009/107] x86/nmi/64: Reorder nested NMI checks Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200
  [PATCH 3.19.y-ckt 010/107] x86/nmi/64: Use DF to avoid userspace RSP confusing nested NMI detection Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com> - 2015-08-06 00:30 +0200

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