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Groups > linux.debian.user > #275135 > unrolled thread
| Started by | Hans <hans.ullrich@loop.de> |
|---|---|
| First post | 2024-12-02 17:50 +0100 |
| Last post | 2024-12-03 05:50 +0100 |
| Articles | 20 on this page of 108 — 28 participants |
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From SSD to NVME Hans <hans.ullrich@loop.de> - 2024-12-02 17:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Greg Wooledge <greg@wooledge.org> - 2024-12-02 18:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Hans <hans.ullrich@loop.de> - 2024-12-02 18:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Bret Busby <bret@busby.net> - 2024-12-02 18:50 +0100
Re: *****SPAM***** Re: From SSD to NVME Hans <hans.ullrich@loop.de> - 2024-12-02 20:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Andy Smith <andy@strugglers.net> - 2024-12-02 21:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME basti <mailinglist@unix-solution.de> - 2024-12-02 19:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Hans <hans.ullrich@loop.de> - 2024-12-02 20:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 00:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME eben@gmx.us - 2024-12-05 15:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 16:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME eben@gmx.us - 2024-12-05 17:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-12-05 17:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Dan Ritter <dsr@randomstring.org> - 2024-12-05 18:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-12-05 18:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Chris Green <cl@isbd.net> - 2024-12-05 18:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2024-12-05 20:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 21:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Hans <hans.ullrich@loop.de> - 2024-12-05 20:30 +0100
MBR to GPT + UEFI (was: From SSD to NVME) Jeffrey Walton <noloader@gmail.com> - 2024-12-05 20:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME "Andrew M.A. Cater" <amacater@einval.com> - 2024-12-05 21:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Hans <hans.ullrich@loop.de> - 2024-12-05 21:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME David Wright <deblis@lionunicorn.co.uk> - 2024-12-05 22:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME "Andrew M.A. Cater" <amacater@einval.com> - 2024-12-05 23:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 23:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Charles Curley <charlescurley@charlescurley.com> - 2024-12-05 23:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME "Andrew M.A. Cater" <amacater@einval.com> - 2024-12-06 19:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Charles Curley <charlescurley@charlescurley.com> - 2024-12-06 20:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME David Wright <deblis@lionunicorn.co.uk> - 2024-12-06 01:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 21:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-05 22:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-05 22:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Nicolas George <george@nsup.org> - 2024-12-05 22:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-05 22:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Nicolas George <george@nsup.org> - 2024-12-05 23:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME David Wright <deblis@lionunicorn.co.uk> - 2024-12-05 22:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 19:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME eben@gmx.us - 2024-12-05 22:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 23:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME eben@gmx.us - 2024-12-06 00:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Anssi Saari <anssi.saari@debian-user.mail.kapsi.fi> - 2024-12-11 09:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-11 14:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Anssi Saari <anssi.saari@debian-user.mail.kapsi.fi> - 2024-12-12 22:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Dan Ritter <dsr@randomstring.org> - 2024-12-11 14:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Anssi Saari <anssi.saari@debian-user.mail.kapsi.fi> - 2024-12-12 20:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-02 19:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Bruno Schneider <boschneider@gmail.com> - 2024-12-02 19:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Erwan David <erwan@rail.eu.org> - 2024-12-02 20:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Hans <hans.ullrich@loop.de> - 2024-12-02 20:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Andy Smith <andy@strugglers.net> - 2024-12-02 21:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Hans <hans.ullrich@loop.de> - 2024-12-02 21:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Andy Smith <andy@strugglers.net> - 2024-12-02 22:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME <tomas@tuxteam.de> - 2024-12-03 06:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-02 21:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 16:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-05 18:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 19:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-05 20:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 21:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@earthlink.net> - 2024-12-05 22:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 23:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME - oops! Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-06 00:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME - oops! Max Nikulin <manikulin@gmail.com> - 2024-12-06 04:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-06 00:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Jeffrey Walton <noloader@gmail.com> - 2024-12-06 04:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME "Andrew M.A. Cater" <amacater@einval.com> - 2024-12-02 20:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 03:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME "Andrew M.A. Cater" <amacater@einval.com> - 2024-12-03 10:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 12:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME <tomas@tuxteam.de> - 2024-12-03 12:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Greg Wooledge <greg@wooledge.org> - 2024-12-03 13:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 13:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Nicolas George <george@nsup.org> - 2024-12-03 14:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 14:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Nicolas George <george@nsup.org> - 2024-12-03 14:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 15:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Nicolas George <george@nsup.org> - 2024-12-03 16:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-03 15:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Greg Wooledge <greg@wooledge.org> - 2024-12-03 20:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Andy Smith <andy@strugglers.net> - 2024-12-03 20:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-03 21:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 22:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Greg Wooledge <greg@wooledge.org> - 2024-12-03 22:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 23:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Greg Wooledge <greg@wooledge.org> - 2024-12-03 23:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 23:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-03 22:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 23:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-03 23:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 23:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-03 23:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Timothy M Butterworth <timothy.m.butterworth@gmail.com> - 2024-12-04 02:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-04 05:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-04 13:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Joe <joe@jretrading.com> - 2024-12-04 16:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-04 19:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Jeffrey Walton <noloader@gmail.com> - 2024-12-04 07:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME gene heskett <gheskett@shentel.net> - 2024-12-05 01:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Greg Wooledge <greg@wooledge.org> - 2024-12-05 01:40 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME gene heskett <gheskett@shentel.net> - 2024-12-05 03:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-03 15:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 15:50 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> - 2024-12-03 16:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME pocket@homemail.com - 2024-12-03 16:30 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org> - 2024-12-05 00:00 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Steve McIntyre <steve@einval.com> - 2024-12-03 22:20 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME Max Nikulin <manikulin@gmail.com> - 2024-12-03 04:10 +0100
Re: From SSD to NVME David Christensen <dpchrist@holgerdanske.com> - 2024-12-03 05:50 +0100
Page 5 of 6 — ← Prev page 1 2 3 4 [5] 6 Next page →
| From | Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-03 21:40 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPHQB-dwTe-7@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275202 |
Andy Smith composed on 2024-12-03 19:48 (UTC): > On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 14:31:14 -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote: >> pocket's system is the outlier here. It's the only one where there >> isn't a separate usr/sbin. > For some reason pocket keeps telling us on a Debian list things about > their Arch Linux system (actually). I've been trying to do too many different things at once today. I missed that (and more): pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100): > [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l / > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin > drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot … What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot configuration? -- Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion, based on faith, not based on science. Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks! Felix Miata
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| From | pocket@homemail.com |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-03 22:20 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPItj-dxow-1@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275205 |
> Sent: Tuesday, December 03, 2024 at 3:30 PM > From: "Felix Miata" <mrmazda@stanis.net> > To: debian-user@lists.debian.org > Subject: Re: From SSD to NVME > > Andy Smith composed on 2024-12-03 19:48 (UTC): > > > On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 14:31:14 -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote: > > >> pocket's system is the outlier here. It's the only one where there > >> isn't a separate usr/sbin. > > > For some reason pocket keeps telling us on a Debian list things about > > their Arch Linux system (actually). > > I've been trying to do too many different things at once today. I missed that (and > more): > > pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100): > > [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l / > > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin > > drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot > … > > What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot configuration? Mine for one....... The install process allows one to setup the disk layout as you like or did I miss something?
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| From | Greg Wooledge <greg@wooledge.org> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-03 22:30 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPICZ-dxtg-9@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275207 |
On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 22:13:36 +0100, pocket@homemail.com wrote: > > From: "Felix Miata" <mrmazda@stanis.net> > > What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot configuration? > > Mine for one....... Which version of Debian was that, when you installed? Or was it Arch? > The install process allows one to setup the disk layout as you like or did I miss something? Yes, but I think the *implication* was that this was something the installer had done, either by default, or without extensive tinkering. In my experience, Debian does not create a FAT file system for anything except the EFI partition. At least, not by default.
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| From | pocket@homemail.com |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-03 23:00 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPJ61-dxHP-3@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275209 |
> Sent: Tuesday, December 03, 2024 at 4:27 PM > From: "Greg Wooledge" <greg@wooledge.org> > To: debian-user@lists.debian.org > Subject: Re: From SSD to NVME > > On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 22:13:36 +0100, pocket@homemail.com wrote: > > > From: "Felix Miata" <mrmazda@stanis.net> > > > What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot configuration? > > > > Mine for one....... > > Which version of Debian was that, when you installed? > > Or was it Arch? grep RETT /etc/os-release PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)" > > > The install process allows one to setup the disk layout as you like or did I miss something? > > Yes, but I think the *implication* was that this was something the > installer had done, either by default, or without extensive tinkering. > > In my experience, Debian does not create a FAT file system for anything > except the EFI partition. At least, not by default. Doesn't the manual/book suggest that you can create the partition layout and filesystem as you would like?
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| From | Greg Wooledge <greg@wooledge.org> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-03 23:10 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPJfH-dy0o-1@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275212 |
On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 22:50:42 +0100, pocket@homemail.com wrote: > Doesn't the manual/book suggest that you can create the partition layout and filesystem as you would like? Why all the double-speak and vagueness? Did you manually create a FAT file system, and tell the installer to mount that as /boot? If that's what you did, fine, so be it, but why are you acting like it's something *Debian* did? This tangent of this thread has gone on far too long as everying keeps trying to guess what you're actually saying.
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| From | pocket@homemail.com |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-03 23:20 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPJpn-dy5x-5@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275213 |
> Sent: Tuesday, December 03, 2024 at 5:07 PM > From: "Greg Wooledge" <greg@wooledge.org> > To: debian-user@lists.debian.org > Subject: Re: From SSD to NVME > > On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 22:50:42 +0100, pocket@homemail.com wrote: > > Doesn't the manual/book suggest that you can create the partition layout and filesystem as you would like? > > Why all the double-speak and vagueness? > > Did you manually create a FAT file system, and tell the installer to > mount that as /boot? If that's what you did, fine, so be it, but why > are you acting like it's something *Debian* did? This tangent of this > thread has gone on far too long as everying keeps trying to guess what > you're actually saying. > If I created the partition arrangement and filesystems then then installer continued isn't that allowing/using the installer to do its work? That part is something debian did, well I think it is/was.
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| From | Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-03 22:40 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPIMF-dxy3-5@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275207 |
pocket composed on 2024-12-03 22:13 (UTC+0100): >> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100): >>> [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l / >>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin >>> drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot >> … >> What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot configuration? > Mine for one....... Keeping your bootloader of choice a secret? > The install process allows one to setup the disk layout as you like or did I miss something? It's yours to do as you please. I'm just not used to seeing an absence of symlinks in /boot/. Etch was the first place I ever found none. All my own Debians have some to facilitate multibooting using only one enabled bootloader per PC. AFAIK, one can't put symlinks in a FAT /boot/, or on FAT anywhere else. -- Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion, based on faith, not based on science. Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks! Felix Miata
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| From | pocket@homemail.com |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-03 23:00 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPJ61-dxHP-1@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275210 |
> Sent: Tuesday, December 03, 2024 at 4:31 PM > From: "Felix Miata" <mrmazda@stanis.net> > To: debian-user@lists.debian.org > Subject: Re: From SSD to NVME > > pocket composed on 2024-12-03 22:13 (UTC+0100): > > >> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100): > > >>> [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l / > >>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin > >>> drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot > >> … > > >> What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot configuration? > > > Mine for one....... > > Keeping your bootloader of choice a secret? Nope, a bootloader is a bootloader is a bootloader > > > The install process allows one to setup the disk layout as you like or did I miss something? > > It's yours to do as you please. I'm just not used to seeing an absence of symlinks > in /boot/. Etch was the first place I ever found none. All my own Debians have > some to facilitate multibooting using only one enabled bootloader per PC. AFAIK, > one can't put symlinks in a FAT /boot/, or on FAT anywhere else. FAT doesn't do symlink, just some spastic kind of shortcut that doesn't work.
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| From | Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-03 23:20 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPJpn-dy5x-3@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275211 |
pocket composed on 2024-12-03 22:53 (UTC+0100): >> From: "Felix Miata" <mrmazda@stanis.net> >> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 22:13 (UTC+0100): >>>> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100): >>>>> [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l / >>>>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin >>>>> drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot >>>> … >>>> What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot configuration? >>> Mine for one....... >> Keeping your bootloader of choice a secret? > Nope, a bootloader is a bootloader is a bootloader Except one that doesn't load any bootloader files, kernel or initrd from /boot/, which is what one or more others than Grub* are reputedly doing. -- Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion, based on faith, not based on science. Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks! Felix Miata
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| From | pocket@homemail.com |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-03 23:30 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPJz3-dycm-9@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275214 |
> Sent: Tuesday, December 03, 2024 at 5:10 PM
> From: "Felix Miata" <mrmazda@stanis.net>
> To: debian-user@lists.debian.org
> Subject: Re: From SSD to NVME
>
> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 22:53 (UTC+0100):
>
> >> From: "Felix Miata" <mrmazda@stanis.net>
>
> >> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 22:13 (UTC+0100):
>
> >>>> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100):
>
> >>>>> [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l /
> >>>>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin
> >>>>> drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot
> >>>> …
>
> >>>> What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot configuration?
>
> >>> Mine for one.......
>
> >> Keeping your bootloader of choice a secret?
>
> > Nope, a bootloader is a bootloader is a bootloader
>
> Except one that doesn't load any bootloader files, kernel or initrd from /boot/,
> which is what one or more others than Grub* are reputedly doing.
I miss your point, the boot loader loads the kernel then control passes to systemd/init/bash
https://www.baeldung.com/linux/boot-process
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting_process_of_Linux
https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/the-linux-booting-process-6-steps-described-in-detail/
>From one of the links
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5PAE)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5PAE ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-194.el5PAE.img
So in this example the kernel is loaded from /boot
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| From | Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-03 23:50 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPJSq-dynp-29@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275216 |
pocket composed on 2024-12-03 23:26 (UTC+0100): >>>>>>> [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l / >>>>>>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin >>>>>>> drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot >>>>>> … >>>>>> What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot configuration? >>>>> Mine for one....... >>>> Keeping your bootloader of choice a secret? >>> Nope, a bootloader is a bootloader is a bootloader >> Except one that doesn't load any bootloader files, kernel or initrd from /boot/, >> which is what one or more others than Grub* are reputedly doing. > I miss your point, the boot loader loads the kernel then control passes to systemd/init/bash It used to be that bootloaders always found the kernels and initrds they were to load in /boot/. That has been reported to be no longer the case. My interest was in having anyone report experience with such a bootloader (along with its name) which does not load kernels and/or initrds from /boot/. I have to wonder what, if anything, such bootloaders use /boot/ for, and if not bootloader files, kernels and initrds, where they are expecting to get them from. Given the insecurity of FAT, I hope I don't live long enough to be forced to keep my kernels or initrds on such. -- Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion, based on faith, not based on science. Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks! Felix Miata
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| From | Timothy M Butterworth <timothy.m.butterworth@gmail.com> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-04 02:40 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPMwW-dA4v-7@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275205 |
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On Tue, Dec 3, 2024 at 7:47 PM Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> wrote: > Andy Smith composed on 2024-12-03 19:48 (UTC): > > > On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 14:31:14 -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote: > > >> pocket's system is the outlier here. It's the only one where there > >> isn't a separate usr/sbin. > > > For some reason pocket keeps telling us on a Debian list things about > > their Arch Linux system (actually). > > I've been trying to do too many different things at once today. I missed > that (and > more): > > pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100): > > [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l / > > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin > > drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot > … > > What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot > configuration? > /boot/efi is a fat partition. It has to be fat so the UEFI can read the files. Usually /boot is an EXT partition. > -- > Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion, > based on faith, not based on science. > > Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks! > > Felix Miata > > -- ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org/ ⠈⠳⣄⠀⠀
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| From | Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-04 05:20 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPP1L-dBJu-7@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275218 |
Timothy M Butterworth composed on 2024-12-03 20:36 (UTC-0500): >> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100): >> > [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l / >> > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin >> > drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot >> … The rest of what the above was clipped from is in: https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2024/12/msg00120.html >> What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot >> configuration? > /boot/efi is a fat partition. It has to be fat so the UEFI can read the > files. Usually /boot is an EXT partition. /boot/efi/ is where the ESP normally goes, not /boot/, at least, not when using Grub2 EFI, as opposed to one of those newfangled bootloaders (e.g. systemd-boot) that I have yet to see live in person. That 'ls -l /' listing is pocket's root directory showing Dec 31 1969. That means there's a FAT filesystem mounted on /boot/. He hasn't shown us what if anything is mounted on on /boot/efi/. What I expect to see with Grub2 EFI is what I see here: # ls -gGd /boot/ dr-xr-xr-x 4 10240 Dec 3 11:57 /boot/ # typical mountpoint EXT4 mounted # ls -gGd /boot/efi/ drwxr-xr-x 4 4096 Dec 31 1969 /boot/efi/ # typical mountpoint FAT mounted # mount | grep boot /dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat… # -- Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion, based on faith, not based on science. Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks! Felix Miata
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| From | pocket@homemail.com |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-04 13:10 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPWmB-dGgh-5@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275219 |
> Sent: Tuesday, December 03, 2024 at 11:18 PM > From: "Felix Miata" <mrmazda@stanis.net> > To: debian-user@lists.debian.org, "Timothy M Butterworth" <timothy.m.butterworth@gmail.com> > Subject: Re: From SSD to NVME > > Timothy M Butterworth composed on 2024-12-03 20:36 (UTC-0500): > > >> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100): > >> > [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l / > >> > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin > >> > drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot > >> … > > The rest of what the above was clipped from is in: > https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2024/12/msg00120.html > > >> What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot > >> configuration? > > > /boot/efi is a fat partition. It has to be fat so the UEFI can read the > > files. Usually /boot is an EXT partition. > > /boot/efi/ is where the ESP normally goes, not /boot/, at least, not when using > Grub2 EFI, as opposed to one of those newfangled bootloaders (e.g. systemd-boot) > that I have yet to see live in person. That 'ls -l /' listing is pocket's root > directory showing Dec 31 1969. That means there's a FAT filesystem mounted on > /boot/. He hasn't shown us what if anything is mounted on on /boot/efi/. I don't have a partition to mount at /boot/efi nvme drive with a msdos mbr two partitions one vfat and one ext4 Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors Disk model: Corsair MP600 CORE MINI Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xb2c58878 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/nvme0n1p1 8192 1056767 1048576 512M c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/nvme0n1p2 1056768 1953525167 1952468400 931G 83 Linux > > What I expect to see with Grub2 EFI is what I see here: > # ls -gGd /boot/ > dr-xr-xr-x 4 10240 Dec 3 11:57 /boot/ # typical mountpoint EXT4 mounted > # ls -gGd /boot/efi/ > drwxr-xr-x 4 4096 Dec 31 1969 /boot/efi/ # typical mountpoint FAT mounted > # mount | grep boot > /dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat… > # mount /dev/nvme0n1p2 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime) /dev/nvme0n1p1 on /boot/ type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro) That is all there is folks just two partitions on a nvme drive
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| From | Joe <joe@jretrading.com> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-04 16:00 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPZ17-dHOv-1@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275223 |
On Wed, 4 Dec 2024 13:00:21 +0100 pocket@homemail.com wrote: > > Sent: Tuesday, December 03, 2024 at 11:18 PM > > From: "Felix Miata" <mrmazda@stanis.net> > > To: debian-user@lists.debian.org, "Timothy M Butterworth" > > <timothy.m.butterworth@gmail.com> Subject: Re: From SSD to NVME > > > > Timothy M Butterworth composed on 2024-12-03 20:36 (UTC-0500): > > > > >> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100): > > >> > [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l / > > >> > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin > > >> > drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot > > >> … > > > > The rest of what the above was clipped from is in: > > https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2024/12/msg00120.html > > > > >> What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a > > >> systemd-boot configuration? > > > > > /boot/efi is a fat partition. It has to be fat so the UEFI can > > > read the files. Usually /boot is an EXT partition. > > > > /boot/efi/ is where the ESP normally goes, not /boot/, at least, > > not when using Grub2 EFI, as opposed to one of those newfangled > > bootloaders (e.g. systemd-boot) that I have yet to see live in > > person. That 'ls -l /' listing is pocket's root directory showing > > Dec 31 1969. That means there's a FAT filesystem mounted on /boot/. > > He hasn't shown us what if anything is mounted on on /boot/efi/. > > I don't have a partition to mount at /boot/efi > nvme drive with a msdos mbr two partitions one vfat and one ext4 > > Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors > Disk model: Corsair MP600 CORE MINI > Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes > Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes > I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes > Disklabel type: dos > Disk identifier: 0xb2c58878 > > Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type > /dev/nvme0n1p1 8192 1056767 1048576 512M c W95 FAT32 > (LBA) /dev/nvme0n1p2 1056768 1953525167 1952468400 931G 83 Linux > > > > > What I expect to see with Grub2 EFI is what I see here: > > # ls -gGd /boot/ > > dr-xr-xr-x 4 10240 Dec 3 11:57 /boot/ # typical > > mountpoint EXT4 mounted # ls -gGd /boot/efi/ > > drwxr-xr-x 4 4096 Dec 31 1969 /boot/efi/ # typical > > mountpoint FAT mounted # mount | grep boot > > /dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat… > > # > > mount > /dev/nvme0n1p2 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime) > /dev/nvme0n1p1 on /boot/ type vfat > (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro) > > That is all there is folks just two partitions on a nvme drive > The EFI partition (i.e. partition mounted as /boot/efi or the partition containing /boot, which contains /boot/efi) must have some variety of FAT filesystem, according to the EFI spec. Windows will normally use ntfs and Debian by default ext4, and a FAT partition has no other real use now than for EFI. It may be convenient to put the whole of /boot on FAT, but Debian will normally leave /boot in the main / partition, and just use FAT for /boot/efi. -- Joe -- Joe
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| From | pocket@homemail.com |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-04 19:00 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JQ1Pj-dJxa-1@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275234 |
> Sent: Wednesday, December 04, 2024 at 9:59 AM > From: "Joe" <joe@jretrading.com> > To: debian-user@lists.debian.org > Subject: Re: From SSD to NVME > > On Wed, 4 Dec 2024 13:00:21 +0100 > pocket@homemail.com wrote: > > > > Sent: Tuesday, December 03, 2024 at 11:18 PM > > > From: "Felix Miata" <mrmazda@stanis.net> > > > To: debian-user@lists.debian.org, "Timothy M Butterworth" > > > <timothy.m.butterworth@gmail.com> Subject: Re: From SSD to NVME > > > > > > Timothy M Butterworth composed on 2024-12-03 20:36 (UTC-0500): > > > > > > >> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100): > > > >> > [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l / > > > >> > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin > > > >> > drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot > > > >> … > > > > > > The rest of what the above was clipped from is in: > > > https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2024/12/msg00120.html > > > > > > >> What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a > > > >> systemd-boot configuration? > > > > > > > /boot/efi is a fat partition. It has to be fat so the UEFI can > > > > read the files. Usually /boot is an EXT partition. > > > > > > /boot/efi/ is where the ESP normally goes, not /boot/, at least, > > > not when using Grub2 EFI, as opposed to one of those newfangled > > > bootloaders (e.g. systemd-boot) that I have yet to see live in > > > person. That 'ls -l /' listing is pocket's root directory showing > > > Dec 31 1969. That means there's a FAT filesystem mounted on /boot/. > > > He hasn't shown us what if anything is mounted on on /boot/efi/. > > > > I don't have a partition to mount at /boot/efi > > nvme drive with a msdos mbr two partitions one vfat and one ext4 > > > > Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors > > Disk model: Corsair MP600 CORE MINI > > Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes > > Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes > > I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes > > Disklabel type: dos > > Disk identifier: 0xb2c58878 > > > > Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type > > /dev/nvme0n1p1 8192 1056767 1048576 512M c W95 FAT32 > > (LBA) /dev/nvme0n1p2 1056768 1953525167 1952468400 931G 83 Linux > > > > > > > > What I expect to see with Grub2 EFI is what I see here: > > > # ls -gGd /boot/ > > > dr-xr-xr-x 4 10240 Dec 3 11:57 /boot/ # typical > > > mountpoint EXT4 mounted # ls -gGd /boot/efi/ > > > drwxr-xr-x 4 4096 Dec 31 1969 /boot/efi/ # typical > > > mountpoint FAT mounted # mount | grep boot > > > /dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat… > > > # > > > > mount > > /dev/nvme0n1p2 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime) > > /dev/nvme0n1p1 on /boot/ type vfat > > (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro) > > > > That is all there is folks just two partitions on a nvme drive > > > > The EFI partition (i.e. partition mounted as /boot/efi or the partition > containing /boot, which contains /boot/efi) must have some variety of > FAT filesystem, according to the EFI spec. Windows will normally use > ntfs and Debian by default ext4, and a FAT partition has no other real > use now than for EFI. It may be convenient to put the whole of /boot on > FAT, but Debian will normally leave /boot in the main / partition, and > just use FAT for /boot/efi. > I don't have an efi partition, as shown above MSDOS MBR and two partitions nothing else One VFAT partition mounted at /boot. One ext4 partition mounted at /
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| From | Jeffrey Walton <noloader@gmail.com> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-04 07:20 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JPQTT-dCVY-1@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275218 |
On Wed, Dec 4, 2024 at 12:52 AM Timothy M Butterworth
<timothy.m.butterworth@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> On Tue, Dec 3, 2024 at 7:47 PM Felix Miata <mrmazda@stanis.net> wrote:
>>
>> Andy Smith composed on 2024-12-03 19:48 (UTC):
>>
>> > On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 14:31:14 -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote:
>>
>> >> pocket's system is the outlier here. It's the only one where there
>> >> isn't a separate usr/sbin.
>>
>> > For some reason pocket keeps telling us on a Debian list things about
>> > their Arch Linux system (actually).
>>
>> I've been trying to do too many different things at once today. I missed that (and
>> more):
>>
>> pocket composed on 2024-12-03 12:01 (UTC+0100):
>> > [alarm@alarm ~]$ ls -l /
>> > lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 bin -> usr/bin
>> > drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 31 1969 boot
>> …
>>
>> What Debian puts a FAT filesystem on /boot/? Is that a systemd-boot configuration?
>
> /boot/efi is a fat partition. It has to be fat so the UEFI can read the files. Usually /boot is an EXT partition.
findmnt is a tool to show the mount points, filesystems and options
used to mount the filesystem:
$ findmnt
TARGET SOURCE
FSTYPE OPTIONS
/
/dev/nvme0n1p3[/root]
btrfs
rw,relatime,seclabel,compress=zstd:1,ssd,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=257,subvol=/root
...
├─/home
/dev/nvme0n1p3[/home]
btrfs
rw,relatime,seclabel,compress=zstd:1,ssd,discard=async,space_cache=v2,subvolid=256,subvol=/home
├─/boot /dev/nvme0n1p2
ext4 rw,relatime,seclabel
│ └─/boot/efi /dev/nvme0n1p1
vfat
rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=winnt,errors=remount-ro
...
The above is from Fedora 41, which was installed sometime around
Fedora 39 (and subsequently upgraded).
(I don't have my Debian laptop handy).
Jeff
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| From | gene heskett <gheskett@shentel.net> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-05 01:10 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JQ7Bn-dNkl-3@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275201 |
On 12/3/24 14:32, Greg Wooledge wrote: > On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 09:44:32 -0500, Felix Miata wrote: >> Greg Wooledge composed on 2024-12-03 07:15 (UTC-0500): >>> On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 12:01:15 +0100, pocket wrote: >>>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 25 19:15 sbin -> usr/bin > >>> That's not how Debian 12 has it. >> >>> hobbit:~$ ls -ld /sbin /bin >>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Feb 17 2024 /bin -> usr/bin/ >>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Feb 17 2024 /sbin -> usr/sbin/ >> >>> If Trixie has done an "sbin merge", it's news to me. > > Note that pocket's system has /sbin pointing to usr/bin NOT to usr/sbin. > >> Bookworm looks to be one of the last of the Mohicans: > > I'm not sure what you mean by that. > That, Greg, refers to a less than pleasant time in 'merican history when the only good American indian was a dead one. The Mohicans were a smaller tribe in the northeastern US. I am not proud of that period in our history. But it was 100+ years before I was born. And the battle continues in some circles yet. Read "by the fire we carry" by Rebecca Nagle for the latest news on that. All 5 tribes moved to Oklahoma won in SCOTUS, making 49% of Oklahoma into reservation and autonomous land, but at last check, the Oki guvner refuses to honor it. >> PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid" >> lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Oct 16 2022 sbin -> usr/sbin > >> PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS" >> lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Dec 8 2023 sbin -> usr/sbin >> drwxr-xr-x 2 1.0K Feb 2 2024 sbin.usr-is-merged > >> PRETTY_NAME="KDE neon 6.2" >> lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Jun 2 2024 sbin -> usr/sbin >> drwxr-xr-x 2 1.0K Aug 20 2022 sbin.usr-is-merged > >> PRETTY_NAME="openSUSE Tumbleweed" >> lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Sep 25 15:10 sbin -> usr/sbin > >> PRETTY_NAME="Fedora Linux 39 (Thirty Nine)" >> lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Jul 20 2023 sbin -> usr/sbin > > All of these systems have sbin pointing to usr/sbin (the same as > bookworm), NOT to usr/bin the way pocket's system does. > > pocket's system is the outlier here. It's the only one where there > isn't a separate usr/sbin. > > . Cheers, Gene Heskett, CET. -- "There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order." -Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940) If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable. - Louis D. Brandeis
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| From | Greg Wooledge <greg@wooledge.org> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-05 01:40 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JQ84p-dNtr-1@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275260 |
On Wed, Dec 04, 2024 at 19:06:40 -0500, gene heskett wrote: > On 12/3/24 14:32, Greg Wooledge wrote: > > Note that pocket's system has /sbin pointing to usr/bin NOT to usr/sbin. > > On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 09:44:32 -0500, Felix Miata wrote: > > > > > Bookworm looks to be one of the last of the Mohicans: > > > > I'm not sure what you mean by that. > That, Greg, refers to a less than pleasant time in 'merican history when the > only good American indian was a dead one. The Mohicans were [...] I'm not talking about the historical reference. I'm talking about the assertion that bookworm is an outlier. Bookworm is NOT an outlier here. It's just like all the others. It has a separate sbin, NOT a subsumed sbin. See this part? > > > PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid" > > > lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Oct 16 2022 sbin -> usr/sbin > > > > > PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS" > > > lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Dec 8 2023 sbin -> usr/sbin > > > drwxr-xr-x 2 1.0K Feb 2 2024 sbin.usr-is-merged > > > > > PRETTY_NAME="KDE neon 6.2" > > > lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Jun 2 2024 sbin -> usr/sbin > > > drwxr-xr-x 2 1.0K Aug 20 2022 sbin.usr-is-merged > > > > > PRETTY_NAME="openSUSE Tumbleweed" > > > lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Sep 25 15:10 sbin -> usr/sbin > > > > > PRETTY_NAME="Fedora Linux 39 (Thirty Nine)" > > > lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Jul 20 2023 sbin -> usr/sbin > > > > All of these systems have sbin pointing to usr/sbin (the same as > > bookworm), NOT to usr/bin the way pocket's system does. Pocket's (Arch??) system is the outlier. Not bookworm.
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| From | gene heskett <gheskett@shentel.net> |
|---|---|
| Date | 2024-12-05 03:00 +0100 |
| Message-ID | <JQ9jP-dO7F-7@gated-at.bofh.it> |
| In reply to | #275261 |
On 12/4/24 19:39, Greg Wooledge wrote: > On Wed, Dec 04, 2024 at 19:06:40 -0500, gene heskett wrote: >> On 12/3/24 14:32, Greg Wooledge wrote: >>> Note that pocket's system has /sbin pointing to usr/bin NOT to usr/sbin. > >>> On Tue, Dec 03, 2024 at 09:44:32 -0500, Felix Miata wrote: >>> >>>> Bookworm looks to be one of the last of the Mohicans: >>> >>> I'm not sure what you mean by that. > >> That, Greg, refers to a less than pleasant time in 'merican history when the >> only good American indian was a dead one. The Mohicans were [...] > > I'm not talking about the historical reference. I'm talking about > the assertion that bookworm is an outlier. > Also true, I was clarifying the use of Mohicans for those not fam with `merican history, and could have been confused. I'm with you at least 90% of the time. > Bookworm is NOT an outlier here. It's just like all the others. It > has a separate sbin, NOT a subsumed sbin. > > See this part? > >>>> PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux trixie/sid" >>>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Oct 16 2022 sbin -> usr/sbin >>> >>>> PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS" >>>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Dec 8 2023 sbin -> usr/sbin >>>> drwxr-xr-x 2 1.0K Feb 2 2024 sbin.usr-is-merged >>> >>>> PRETTY_NAME="KDE neon 6.2" >>>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Jun 2 2024 sbin -> usr/sbin >>>> drwxr-xr-x 2 1.0K Aug 20 2022 sbin.usr-is-merged >>> >>>> PRETTY_NAME="openSUSE Tumbleweed" >>>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Sep 25 15:10 sbin -> usr/sbin >>> >>>> PRETTY_NAME="Fedora Linux 39 (Thirty Nine)" >>>> lrwxrwxrwx 1 8 Jul 20 2023 sbin -> usr/sbin >>> >>> All of these systems have sbin pointing to usr/sbin (the same as >>> bookworm), NOT to usr/bin the way pocket's system does. > > Pocket's (Arch??) system is the outlier. Not bookworm. > > . Cheers, Gene Heskett, CET. -- "There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order." -Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940) If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable. - Louis D. Brandeis
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