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issues with storage media

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  issues with storage media Semih Ozlem <semihozlemlinuxuser@gmail.com> - 2020-07-25 20:00 +0200
    Re: issues with storage media David Christensen <dpchrist@holgerdanske.com> - 2020-07-25 21:50 +0200
    Re: issues with storage media Andrew Cater <amacater@gmail.com> - 2020-07-25 21:50 +0200
    Re: issues with storage media David <bouncingcats@gmail.com> - 2020-07-26 11:50 +0200

#225255 — issues with storage media

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Hi I ran into the following problems a few times.
As operating system I use debian 10 (.2 gnome) and ubuntu 18, 19, (recently
20).

Question 1 An external hard disk that I use (which is I think possibly
failing) was formatted in NTFS. While I was working on a machine at the
university where I used to work, all files disappeared, and reappeared and
the format of the disk was changed to FAT or something like that. I have no
idea why and how this happened. Does anyone have any clues

Question 2 I use usbs to store the files I work with. Quite a few times
when working with linux systems, the usbs refused to mount, giving wrong fs
type blaah blaah error. This was a usb that I used and stored files to
working under linux, and I do not remember the exact format on the disk. I
tried various programs to recover the files, and in some cases I was able
to recover some in other cases I was not able to. Sometimes I was able to
format the usb to be able to use it again, a few times I was unable to.
What methods are available to recover data, and what to do when something
like this happens.


Thank you in advance

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#225261

On 2020-07-25 10:59, Semih Ozlem wrote:
> Hi

Hello.  :-)


> As operating system I use debian 10 (.2 gnome) and ubuntu 18, 19, (recently
> 20).

> Question 2 I use usbs to store the files I work with. Quite a few times
> when working with linux systems, the usbs refused to mount, giving wrong fs
> type blaah blaah error. This was a usb that I used and stored files to
> working under linux, and I do not remember the exact format on the disk. I
> tried various programs to recover the files, and in some cases I was able
> to recover some in other cases I was not able to. Sometimes I was able to
> format the usb to be able to use it again, a few times I was unable to.
> What methods are available to recover data, and what to do when something
> like this happens.

fsck -- for Linux file systems

zpool scrub -- for ZFS pools and file systems

ddrescue -- to copy out blocks of a failing device

It has been too long since I used tools for recovering deleted files.


I suggest that your put your data onto a reliable storage platform. 
Choices including buying and configuring a network attached storage 
(NAS) appliance, installing and configuring a NAS operating system 
distribution on the hardware of your choosing, and building a file 
server using the hardware and software of your choosing.  This list 
would be most helpful for the third choice using Debian.


Next, I suggest that your implement disaster preparedness -- backups of 
data and OS configuration settings, images of operating system disks, 
and archives of the prior two.  Keep your backups, archives, and images 
off-line when not in use.  Keep some portion of your media off-site 
(e.g. rotate media on a schedule).


David

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#225262

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Parted / gparted are useful tools. The live .iso is very useful if you have
an unknown disk - you can boot into linux to examine disk formats. The
crucial thing to know is that most partitions can be recovered with enough
care.

USB keys - try and buy a known brand. Stick small labels on them. Know what
you use them for. They will still fail sometimes - don't rely on them for
longest term storage. Back up files you want to other media as well/

On Sat, Jul 25, 2020 at 5:59 PM Semih Ozlem <semihozlemlinuxuser@gmail.com>
wrote:

> Hi I ran into the following problems a few times.
> As operating system I use debian 10 (.2 gnome) and ubuntu 18, 19,
> (recently 20).
>
> Question 1 An external hard disk that I use (which is I think possibly
> failing) was formatted in NTFS. While I was working on a machine at the
> university where I used to work, all files disappeared, and reappeared and
> the format of the disk was changed to FAT or something like that. I have no
> idea why and how this happened. Does anyone have any clues
>
> Question 2 I use usbs to store the files I work with. Quite a few times
> when working with linux systems, the usbs refused to mount, giving wrong fs
> type blaah blaah error. This was a usb that I used and stored files to
> working under linux, and I do not remember the exact format on the disk. I
> tried various programs to recover the files, and in some cases I was able
> to recover some in other cases I was not able to. Sometimes I was able to
> format the usb to be able to use it again, a few times I was unable to.
> What methods are available to recover data, and what to do when something
> like this happens.
>
>
> Thank you in advance
>

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#225290

On Sun, 26 Jul 2020 at 03:59, Semih Ozlem <semihozlemlinuxuser@gmail.com> wrote:

> [...] the format of the disk was changed to FAT or something like that.
> I have no idea why and how this happened. Does anyone have any clues

Hi, it's very hard to help you when you are so uncertain of the facts.

If you want to be less helpless and less clueless about your filesystems,
I suggest a good first step would be to learn the command
lsblk -f

It will show you which filesystem is in use.

> [...] the usbs refused to mount, giving wrong fs type blaah blaah error.
> This was a usb that I used and stored files to working under linux, and
> I do not remember the exact format on the disk. [...]

See above.

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