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LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks

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  LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-08-03 20:50 -0400
    Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-04 07:10 +0000
      Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-08-04 10:44 +0200
        Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-04 17:53 +0000
          Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-08-05 02:47 -0400
            Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-05 20:26 +0000
      Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-04 11:14 +0100
        Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-04 18:07 +0000
          Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-08-05 02:55 -0400
            Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-05 11:42 +0100
            Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-05 14:09 +0000
              Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-05 18:42 +0100
                Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks Robert Riches <spamtrap42@jacob21819.net> - 2026-08-05 20:19 +0000
                  Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-05 22:38 +0000
                    Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-06 12:45 +0100
                      Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-06 21:03 +0000
                        Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-06 22:30 +0100
                  Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-06 12:19 +0100
                    Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-06 20:43 +0000
                Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-05 22:36 +0000
                  Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-06 12:37 +0100
                    Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-06 21:12 +0000
                      Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-06 22:33 +0100
                        Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-07 04:45 +0000
                          Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-08-07 01:57 -0400
                            Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-07 11:44 +0100
                          Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-07 11:42 +0100
                    Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-08-06 23:41 -0400
                Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-08-06 02:19 -0400
              Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-08-06 02:18 -0400
                Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-06 20:14 +0000
              Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-08-06 14:22 +0200
                Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-06 21:19 +0000
          Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-05 11:40 +0100
            Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-05 20:39 +0000
              Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-06 12:35 +0100
                Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-06 20:27 +0000
      Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-08-05 00:58 -0400
        Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-05 06:14 +0000
          Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-08-05 03:52 -0400
            Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-05 14:07 +0000
          Re: LOTS of US Water Plants Hit by Hacks The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-05 11:46 +0100

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#89632

On 05/08/2026 23:36, rbowman wrote:
> I learned something else of value. We bought the bare press frame from
> Daniels of Stroud.
> 
> https://www.stroudlocalhistorysociety.org.uk/research/daniels/
> 
> Shortly before it was to be shipped the UK had one of their little dock
> strikes. A 100 ton press refers to the clamping force and doesn't weigh
> 100 tons but shipping the thing air freight was a bit pricey. It would
> hardly fit into your carry on luggage.
> 
> Depending on international trade has its drawbacks.

As does unionised dock labour.

There are no dockers any more. Just one man in a crane and containers 
everywhere


-- 
"And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch".

Gospel of St. Mathew 15:14

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#89664

On Thu, 6 Aug 2026 12:37:41 +0100, The Natural Philosopher wrote:

> On 05/08/2026 23:36, rbowman wrote:
>> I learned something else of value. We bought the bare press frame from
>> Daniels of Stroud.
>> 
>> https://www.stroudlocalhistorysociety.org.uk/research/daniels/
>> 
>> Shortly before it was to be shipped the UK had one of their little dock
>> strikes. A 100 ton press refers to the clamping force and doesn't weigh
>> 100 tons but shipping the thing air freight was a bit pricey. It would
>> hardly fit into your carry on luggage.
>> 
>> Depending on international trade has its drawbacks.
> 
> As does unionised dock labour.
> 
> There are no dockers any more. Just one man in a crane and containers
> everywhere

My brother-in-law was in the Merchant Marine as a deck officer. The switch 
to containers came early in his career. No more exploring foreign ports. 
Dock at 2AM, be off again by 6AM. While he had a master's rating he never 
sailed higher than 2nd mate, and then only for 6 months out of the year. 
The Masters, Mates & Pilots union was parceling out work in a dying 
industry. Dying for US flagged vessels, that is. I'd considered that 
career in high school as an engineering officer rather than a deck 
officer. Thankfully I went in another direction.

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#89669

On 06/08/2026 22:12, rbowman wrote:
> My brother-in-law was in the Merchant Marine as a deck officer. The switch
> to containers came early in his career. No more exploring foreign ports.
> Dock at 2AM, be off again by 6AM. While he had a master's rating he never
> sailed higher than 2nd mate, and then only for 6 months out of the year.
> The Masters, Mates & Pilots union was parceling out work in a dying
> industry. Dying for US flagged vessels, that is. I'd considered that
> career in high school as an engineering officer rather than a deck
> officer. Thankfully I went in another direction.

Yes. register your ship in Liberia and pick whatever crew you could get 
at below minimum wage.

Out of interest I looked it up. Crew on a large container ship can be as 
few as 10 and as many as 30, but no more than that.

Nice cheap way to push goods round the world

They will be nuclear in ten years, most likely

-- 
"It was a lot more fun being 20 in the 70's that it is being 70 in the 20's"
Joew Walsh

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#89679

On Thu, 6 Aug 2026 22:33:47 +0100, The Natural Philosopher wrote:

> On 06/08/2026 22:12, rbowman wrote:
>> My brother-in-law was in the Merchant Marine as a deck officer. The
>> switch to containers came early in his career. No more exploring
>> foreign ports.
>> Dock at 2AM, be off again by 6AM. While he had a master's rating he
>> never sailed higher than 2nd mate, and then only for 6 months out of
>> the year.
>> The Masters, Mates & Pilots union was parceling out work in a dying
>> industry. Dying for US flagged vessels, that is. I'd considered that
>> career in high school as an engineering officer rather than a deck
>> officer. Thankfully I went in another direction.
> 
> Yes. register your ship in Liberia and pick whatever crew you could get
> at below minimum wage.

Jack London's 'The Mutiny of the Elsinore'  isn't one of his works on 
reading lists like 'Call of the Wild'.

https://obdg.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-mutiny-of-elsinore-by-jack-
london.html

He might be describing the crew of a Liberian vessel. The socialists would 
like to include London in their fold but they have to tread very lightly. 

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#89681

On 8/7/26 00:45, rbowman wrote:
> On Thu, 6 Aug 2026 22:33:47 +0100, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
> 
>> On 06/08/2026 22:12, rbowman wrote:
>>> My brother-in-law was in the Merchant Marine as a deck officer. The
>>> switch to containers came early in his career. No more exploring
>>> foreign ports.
>>> Dock at 2AM, be off again by 6AM. While he had a master's rating he
>>> never sailed higher than 2nd mate, and then only for 6 months out of
>>> the year.
>>> The Masters, Mates & Pilots union was parceling out work in a dying
>>> industry. Dying for US flagged vessels, that is. I'd considered that
>>> career in high school as an engineering officer rather than a deck
>>> officer. Thankfully I went in another direction.
>>
>> Yes. register your ship in Liberia and pick whatever crew you could get
>> at below minimum wage.
> 
> Jack London's 'The Mutiny of the Elsinore'  isn't one of his works on
> reading lists like 'Call of the Wild'.
> 
> https://obdg.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-mutiny-of-elsinore-by-jack-
> london.html
> 
> He might be describing the crew of a Liberian vessel. The socialists would
> like to include London in their fold but they have to tread very lightly.

   Well, sometimes London sounded like a 'socialist'
   but really he wasn't. They can try to STEAL and
   BIAS his stuff but they won't be entirely successful.

   Alas the modern gens won't REALIZE the distortions ...
   in USA "history" is kind of forbidden now, you can
   ONLY teach the ultra-left 'truths' to the kiddies
   Or ELSE.

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#89685

On 07/08/2026 06:57, c186282 wrote:
> Alas the modern gens won't REALIZE the distortions ...
>    in USA "history" is kind of forbidden now, you can
>    ONLY teach the ultra-left 'truths' to the kiddies
>    Or ELSE.

Instead of creationism...
TBH I see the USA more than any other country as bing torn apart by two 
different lies, while the truth dares not show its face...

-- 
"In our post-modern world, climate science is not powerful because it is 
true: it is true because it is powerful."

Lucas Bergkamp

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#89684

On 07/08/2026 05:45, rbowman wrote:
> On Thu, 6 Aug 2026 22:33:47 +0100, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
> 
>> On 06/08/2026 22:12, rbowman wrote:
>>> My brother-in-law was in the Merchant Marine as a deck officer. The
>>> switch to containers came early in his career. No more exploring
>>> foreign ports.
>>> Dock at 2AM, be off again by 6AM. While he had a master's rating he
>>> never sailed higher than 2nd mate, and then only for 6 months out of
>>> the year.
>>> The Masters, Mates & Pilots union was parceling out work in a dying
>>> industry. Dying for US flagged vessels, that is. I'd considered that
>>> career in high school as an engineering officer rather than a deck
>>> officer. Thankfully I went in another direction.
>>
>> Yes. register your ship in Liberia and pick whatever crew you could get
>> at below minimum wage.
> 
> Jack London's 'The Mutiny of the Elsinore'  isn't one of his works on
> reading lists like 'Call of the Wild'.
> 
> https://obdg.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-mutiny-of-elsinore-by-jack-
> london.html
> 
> He might be describing the crew of a Liberian vessel. The socialists would
> like to include London in their fold but they have to tread very lightly.
> 
The socialists want to appropriate everything popular. I wonder how they 
would get on with 'sometimes a great notion' [book]


-- 
"In our post-modern world, climate science is not powerful because it is 
true: it is true because it is powerful."

Lucas Bergkamp

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#89675

On 8/6/26 07:37, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
> On 05/08/2026 23:36, rbowman wrote:
>> I learned something else of value. We bought the bare press frame from
>> Daniels of Stroud.
>>
>> https://www.stroudlocalhistorysociety.org.uk/research/daniels/
>>
>> Shortly before it was to be shipped the UK had one of their little dock
>> strikes. A 100 ton press refers to the clamping force and doesn't weigh
>> 100 tons but shipping the thing air freight was a bit pricey. It would
>> hardly fit into your carry on luggage.
>>
>> Depending on international trade has its drawbacks.
> 
> As does unionised dock labour.
> 
> There are no dockers any more. Just one man in a crane and containers 
> everywhere

   Loved the story a few years ago when they realized
   that all those huge cranes had Chinese cameras in
   them - which phoned home. Ergo the CCP could track
   ALL containers across the entire world :-)

   Sometimes the most effective spying is very subtle.

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#89621

On 8/5/26 13:42, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
> On 05/08/2026 15:09, rbowman wrote:
>> On Wed, 5 Aug 2026 02:55:04 -0400, c186282 wrote:
>>
>>>     Not sure how much 'steppers' were involved in THESE hacks. Sounds
>>>     more like spoofing instrument readings to cause downstream machinery
>>>     to run wild until it broke.
>>
>> Steppers faded away in the '70s. Mostly. Never underestimate the use of
>> obsolete tech in US infrastructure.
> 
> Steppers all over the place. Default thing to drive car instruments 
> these days. And 3D printers. And laser printers.

   And BIG stuff too !

   Nothing obsolete about steppers.

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#89620

On 8/5/26 10:09, rbowman wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Aug 2026 02:55:04 -0400, c186282 wrote:
> 
>>     Not sure how much 'steppers' were involved in THESE hacks. Sounds
>>     more like spoofing instrument readings to cause downstream machinery
>>     to run wild until it broke.
> 
> Steppers faded away in the '70s. Mostly. Never underestimate the use of
> obsolete tech in US infrastructure.

   Nothing wrong with steppers ...

   Even a lot of current tech - in the end
   it's running steppers. It's how mechanical
   stuff gets DONE in a quasi-quantifiable
   fashion.

   Or do you think DC/PWM gets it done ?
   Done that - NOT especially precise.

   At some point, 'software' has to translate
   into 'real world'. Best Dreams don't work
   valves and machines at the water plant.

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#89654

On Thu, 6 Aug 2026 02:18:42 -0400, c186282 wrote:

>    Nothing wrong with steppers ...
> 
>    Even a lot of current tech - in the end it's running steppers. It's
>    how mechanical stuff gets DONE in a quasi-quantifiable fashion.

See other posts about my use of 'steppers'. I should know by now to be 
more precise.

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#89638

On 2026-08-05 16:09, rbowman wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Aug 2026 02:55:04 -0400, c186282 wrote:
> 
>>     Not sure how much 'steppers' were involved in THESE hacks. Sounds
>>     more like spoofing instrument readings to cause downstream machinery
>>     to run wild until it broke.
> 
> Steppers faded away in the '70s. Mostly. Never underestimate the use of
> obsolete tech in US infrastructure.

If I understand correctly what steppers are, washing machines here have 
been using them till recently. My previous one had that.

-- 
Cheers,
        Carlos E.R.
        ES🇪🇸, EU🇪🇺;

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#89667

On Thu, 6 Aug 2026 14:22:32 +0200, Carlos E. R. wrote:

> If I understand correctly what steppers are, washing machines here have
> been using them till recently. My previous one had that.

https://www.electronicsforu.com/electronics-projects/hardware-diy/washing-
machine-motor-controller

It would make sense. A stepping relay with timer inputs could get the job 
done. My relationship with washing machines consists in dropping quarters 
down the slot. The really is one laundromat in town that is coin operated 
rather than a card swipe. It's something to do with 5 pounds of quarters. 

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#89586

On 04/08/2026 19:07, rbowman wrote:
> the wiring harness being laced rather than
> using those new fangled nylon TyWraps.  Fortunately the girls, excuse me,
> female electronics technicians, were skilled in macrame.

I grew up with laced looms. Frankly a skilled operator can do them 
faster than tie-wraps, and cheaper. I can still lace.

-- 
"The most difficult subjects can be explained to the most slow witted 
man if he has not formed any idea of them already; but the simplest 
thing cannot be made clear to the most intelligent man if he is firmly 
persuaded that he knows already, without a shadow of doubt, what is laid 
before him."

    - Leo Tolstoy

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#89615

On Wed, 5 Aug 2026 11:40:04 +0100, The Natural Philosopher wrote:

> On 04/08/2026 19:07, rbowman wrote:
>> the wiring harness being laced rather than using those new fangled
>> nylon TyWraps.  Fortunately the girls, excuse me,
>> female electronics technicians, were skilled in macrame.
> 
> I grew up with laced looms. Frankly a skilled operator can do them
> faster than tie-wraps, and cheaper. I can still lace.

I was a hair late for lacing. The last large control panels I designed 
used what we called Wiremold although I don't think that is the correct 
term.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lKbCL0Gy2Y

He finally opens the door at around 1:50 and it looks like home. With the 
wiremold you could add or replace wires as need without messing about with 
a harness. 

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#89631

On 05/08/2026 21:39, rbowman wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Aug 2026 11:40:04 +0100, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
> 
>> On 04/08/2026 19:07, rbowman wrote:
>>> the wiring harness being laced rather than using those new fangled
>>> nylon TyWraps.  Fortunately the girls, excuse me,
>>> female electronics technicians, were skilled in macrame.
>>
>> I grew up with laced looms. Frankly a skilled operator can do them
>> faster than tie-wraps, and cheaper. I can still lace.
> 
> I was a hair late for lacing. The last large control panels I designed
> used what we called Wiremold although I don't think that is the correct
> term.
> 
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lKbCL0Gy2Y
> 
> He finally opens the door at around 1:50 and it looks like home. With the
> wiremold you could add or replace wires as need without messing about with
> a harness.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_lacing

That is what we did. Often with solid core wires bent round nails driven 
into wood to identify branch points.

Solid core was best for fixed installations where the wires were 
soldered as they didn't have stress concentrations at the soldered joint

Then the loom was held down with cable ties - not zip ties - loops of 
plastic with holes at the end for a screw

Surprisingly cheap compared to today's prices for looms. Minimum wage or 
piece work by home workers in the consumer industry...serried ranks of 
nimble fingered Asian ladies on the shop floor for Mil Spec

(Flexible) PCBs today are cheaper.  I remember trying to get everything 
to mount off PCBs by the late 1970s...


-- 
“It is hard to imagine a more stupid decision or more dangerous way of 
making decisions than by putting those decisions in the hands of people 
who pay no price for being wrong.”

Thomas Sowell

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#89655

On Thu, 6 Aug 2026 12:35:28 +0100, The Natural Philosopher wrote:

> That is what we did. Often with solid core wires bent round nails driven
> into wood to identify branch points.

The first company I worked for had the contract to make the harnesses for 
the company I eventually went to. The harness board consisted to two 4x8' 
plywood panels with a lot of finishing nails. 

The final connections would be made in the field, so a bundle of 
unconnected wires were left. Nobody wanted to come up short so I think 
everyone in the process added a 'little bit'. I went to the site with the 
VP of the company to do the pilot setup. There was about 5 feet of 'little 
bits' I cut off. The VP gathered up all the wasted wire to take home and 
ram up somebody's butt. 

When I went with the other company I designed in Amphenol connectors.

https://amphenol-aerospace.com/products/mil-spec-type-circulars

No tedious and error prone hookups on site. 

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#89569

On 8/4/26 03:10, rbowman wrote:
> On Mon, 3 Aug 2026 20:50:24 -0400, c186282 wrote:
> 
>>     Anyway, hardware PLCs are pretty stupid - you don't actually hack
>>     them directly. They're basically a replacement for a box of relays or
>>     equivs. Software PLCs - a uC or even better - are more "computers",
>>     oft net-connected these days. An Ard Uno would make a fair software
>>     PLC. A low-end PI even better.
> 
> https://www.realpars.com/blog/plc-hardware
> 
> What's a hardware PLC? 

   There ARE 'chips' ... or, cruder, boards with
   a lot of transistors.

   Anyway, the GOAL is to replace those big boxes
   full of mechanical relays ye and me both remember.

   That "PLCs" are being BLAMED for these hacks - now
   that's just bullshit. Modern PLCs are set up using
   modern software - and THAT'S what's being hacked.

> It amazed me to find that they still use the ladder
> logic metaphor. I thought that was a temporary crutch 
 > when they started showing up in the '70s.
   Never loved "ladder logic" diagrams. I've DONE
   it - in hardware and software - but it's not my
   favored perspective. Pref a more straight-up,
   logic-based, point of view. Yea yea, PLCs are
   "simple" and "rugged" - BUT .......

   IMHO, 'software' based PLCs are the only modern
   way to go. Alas that also introduces vulnerabilities.

   Industries NEED PLCs ... so much machinery that
   needs coordination/logic.

   Clicky-clicky-clicky ... DID kind of like those
   old boxes full of relays  :-)

   Anyway, are PLCs responsible for all these nasty
   hack in middle-America ? I don't think so. It's
   the all-ONLINE paradigm instead.

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#89576

On Wed, 5 Aug 2026 00:58:46 -0400, c186282 wrote:

> On 8/4/26 03:10, rbowman wrote:
>> On Mon, 3 Aug 2026 20:50:24 -0400, c186282 wrote:
>> 
>>>     Anyway, hardware PLCs are pretty stupid - you don't actually hack
>>>     them directly. They're basically a replacement for a box of relays
>>>     or equivs. Software PLCs - a uC or even better - are more
>>>     "computers",
>>>     oft net-connected these days. An Ard Uno would make a fair
>>>     software PLC. A low-end PI even better.
>> 
>> https://www.realpars.com/blog/plc-hardware
>> 
>> What's a hardware PLC?
> 
>    There ARE 'chips' ... or, cruder, boards with a lot of transistors.

Semantics. A transition device was Square D's NorPak system. There were a 
number of different cards that that mounted in a frame similar to  a 
backplane. NOR gates are the simplest so those were the basic building 
blocks. Working with NOR, NAND, and NOT gates leads to brain bleed.

https://www.ebay.com/itm/Norpak-Square-D-8852-L-19-Counter-4-Input-NOR-20-
Pack-Series-A-FREE-SHIPPING-/282588704448

'Programming' was done by stripping wire, crimping on a tapered pin, and 
seating it with a too like an automatic center punch. Solid state relay 
logic...

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#89582

On 8/5/26 02:14, rbowman wrote:
> On Wed, 5 Aug 2026 00:58:46 -0400, c186282 wrote:
> 
>> On 8/4/26 03:10, rbowman wrote:
>>> On Mon, 3 Aug 2026 20:50:24 -0400, c186282 wrote:
>>>
>>>>      Anyway, hardware PLCs are pretty stupid - you don't actually hack
>>>>      them directly. They're basically a replacement for a box of relays
>>>>      or equivs. Software PLCs - a uC or even better - are more
>>>>      "computers",
>>>>      oft net-connected these days. An Ard Uno would make a fair
>>>>      software PLC. A low-end PI even better.
>>>
>>> https://www.realpars.com/blog/plc-hardware
>>>
>>> What's a hardware PLC?
>>
>>     There ARE 'chips' ... or, cruder, boards with a lot of transistors.
> 
> Semantics. A transition device was Square D's NorPak system. There were a
> number of different cards that that mounted in a frame similar to  a
> backplane. NOR gates are the simplest so those were the basic building
> blocks. Working with NOR, NAND, and NOT gates leads to brain bleed.
> 
> https://www.ebay.com/itm/Norpak-Square-D-8852-L-19-Counter-4-Input-NOR-20-
> Pack-Series-A-FREE-SHIPPING-/282588704448
> 
> 'Programming' was done by stripping wire, crimping on a tapered pin, and
> seating it with a too like an automatic center punch. Solid state relay
> logic...

   Modern PLCs do not involve placing wires.

   HAVE done that, but the new paradigm is
   more 'software" or "software defined"

   These cyber-attacks ... they seem to have
   been aimed at a specific, widely used,
   PLC/programmming paradigm. FAIR chance
   nobody changed the default passwords.

   Governments tend to copy OTHER nearby
   govts ... "State/County X uses THIS and
   thus this justifies US using X".'

   Been there, seen this from the bureaucracy.
   The IDEA is to cover their asses in case
   something goes wrong. "We just did what
   THEY did !!!". Yet another reason I retired.

   It's all M$ Fault regardless, not OUR
   fault !!!

   Anyway, it was interesting to see "PLCs"
   blamed. Sorry, it's NOT the PLCs but
   WAY up the chain.

   CyberIdiocy CAN destroy us.

   What happens when they get into the power
   plants, the NUKE power plants ???

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