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Groups > comp.os.linux.misc > #89224 > unrolled thread

Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets

Started byc186282 <c186282@nnada.net>
First post2026-07-29 23:23 -0400
Last post2026-07-30 13:48 +0200
Articles 20 on this page of 84 — 13 participants

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Contents

  Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-07-29 23:23 -0400
    Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-07-30 04:14 +0000
      Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-07-30 23:38 -0400
        Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-07-31 05:31 +0000
        Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Richard Kettlewell <invalid@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-31 09:44 +0100
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-31 12:19 +0100
    Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-30 12:37 +0200
      Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-30 13:42 +0200
        Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-30 13:58 +0200
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Robert Heller <heller@deepsoft.com> - 2026-07-30 12:14 +0000
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-31 13:36 +0200
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-30 13:25 +0100
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-31 13:37 +0200
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-30 18:43 +0200
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-07-30 19:22 +0000
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-30 21:53 +0200
                Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-07-31 05:08 +0000
                  Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-07-31 01:16 -0400
                    Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-07-31 08:00 +0000
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Robert Heller <heller@deepsoft.com> - 2026-07-30 20:07 +0000
                Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-07-31 05:14 +0000
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-31 13:38 +0200
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-31 12:46 +0100
                Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-31 13:57 +0200
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets - Movistar "docs" "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-31 14:25 +0200
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-07-30 21:18 +0000
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-07-30 23:50 -0400
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Robert Riches <spamtrap42@jacob21819.net> - 2026-07-31 04:06 +0000
                Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-07-31 00:34 -0400
                  Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-31 13:50 +0200
                    Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-31 14:51 +0200
                      Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-31 14:37 +0100
                      Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-08-01 14:11 +0200
                        Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-08-01 16:49 +0200
                          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-01 16:49 +0100
                            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-01 19:14 +0000
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-31 13:43 +0200
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-31 12:50 +0100
                Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-31 14:00 +0200
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-07-31 22:52 +0000
                Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-07-31 23:45 -0400
                Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Richard Kettlewell <invalid@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-01 12:22 +0100
                  Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-08-01 14:15 +0200
                    Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-01 14:09 +0100
                  Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-01 14:08 +0100
                    Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets rbowman <bowman@montana.com> - 2026-08-01 19:11 +0000
        Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Robert Heller <heller@deepsoft.com> - 2026-07-30 11:59 +0000
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-30 13:32 +0100
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-30 18:44 +0200
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-30 18:06 +0100
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-30 21:54 +0200
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-07-30 23:48 -0400
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-31 08:15 +0200
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-07-31 06:53 +0000
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-31 14:52 +0200
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-31 12:10 +0100
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-31 15:04 +0200
                Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-31 14:42 +0100
                  Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-31 16:24 +0200
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-31 14:04 +0200
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-31 15:06 +0200
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-31 14:42 +0100
                Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-31 16:25 +0200
                  Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-31 15:34 +0100
        Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-30 13:24 +0100
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-31 08:16 +0200
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-31 12:15 +0100
        Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Andy Burns <usenet@andyburns.uk> - 2026-07-30 14:53 +0100
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-07-30 14:59 +0100
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Andy Burns <usenet@andyburns.uk> - 2026-07-30 15:06 +0100
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Rich <rich@example.invalid> - 2026-07-30 14:35 +0000
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-30 18:46 +0200
        Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-07-30 23:45 -0400
        Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-31 13:51 +0200
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Stanislav N. aka pztrn" <no@email.please> - 2026-07-31 17:28 +0500
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-31 15:07 +0200
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2026-07-31 22:55 +0000
          Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Tauno Voipio <tauno.voipio@notused.fi.invalid> - 2026-08-01 15:49 +0300
            Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-08-01 15:16 +0200
              Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-08-01 16:52 +0200
                Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets The Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid> - 2026-08-01 16:52 +0100
      Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> - 2026-07-30 23:43 -0400
        Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> - 2026-07-31 14:28 +0200
    Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets Marc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us> - 2026-07-30 13:48 +0200

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#89297

Fromrbowman <bowman@montana.com>
Date2026-07-31 05:14 +0000
Message-ID<nd2p96F9i60U12@mid.individual.net>
In reply to#89270
On Thu, 30 Jul 2026 20:07:23 -0000 (UTC), Robert Heller wrote:

> This is a perfectly normal/typical router set up.  It is using the LAN
> address range of 192.168.1.0/24 -- 254 host IP addresses from
> 192.168.1.1 through 192.168.1.254.  (Addresses 192.168.1.0 and
> 192.168.1.255 are reserved for special purposes.)
> 
>> It's the same on the machine with a wired connection. It's a StarLink
>> router so argue with Musk.
> 
> Musk & crew are not doing anything strange.

I am aware. The Verison MiFi had a similar setup. As in my last reply to 
Marc I'm not going to mess with it to make it as he thinks it should be. I 
don't have enough devices that I plan to 'run out' of IPv4 addresses on my 
private LAN.

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#89324

From"Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid>
Date2026-07-31 13:38 +0200
Message-ID<nd3fptFi6v5U4@mid.individual.net>
In reply to#89251
On 2026-07-30 18:43, Marc Haber wrote:
> "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>> On 2026-07-30 13:42, Marc Haber wrote:
>>> "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>>>> eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
>>>>           inet 192.168.2.9  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 192.168.255.255
>>>
>>> Using the entire 192.168.0.0/16 range for a single home network is a
>>> sure sign of a person not knowing too much about networking or an
>>> incompetent ISP.
>>
>> The ISP configures the router so that it is mandatory to use
>> 192.168.1.*, and they take a good chunk of it for their own usage. I
>> have no recourse but using this non standard network. I use 192.168.2
>> for dhcp assignments.
> 
> With a /16 Netmask, covering the entire 192.168 RFC 1918 range, as if
> we have plenty of IPv4 addresses?
> 
> Please, let me see that ISPs customer documentation. They do have it
> online, don't they? I'm familiar with that industry for nearly 30
> years and have never seen a setup like that. It sounds so brain-dead
> that my first idea was that you haven't understood.

There is no documentation. They keep it secret. What is known is by 
reverse engineering.

-- 
Cheers,
        Carlos E.R.
        ES🇪🇸, EU🇪🇺;

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#89327

FromThe Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid>
Date2026-07-31 12:46 +0100
Message-ID<114i1tt$2ktba$10@dont-email.me>
In reply to#89324
On 31/07/2026 12:38, Carlos E. R. wrote:
> On 2026-07-30 18:43, Marc Haber wrote:
>> "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>>> On 2026-07-30 13:42, Marc Haber wrote:
>>>> "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>>>>> eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
>>>>>           inet 192.168.2.9  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 
>>>>> 192.168.255.255
>>>>
>>>> Using the entire 192.168.0.0/16 range for a single home network is a
>>>> sure sign of a person not knowing too much about networking or an
>>>> incompetent ISP.
>>>
>>> The ISP configures the router so that it is mandatory to use
>>> 192.168.1.*, and they take a good chunk of it for their own usage. I
>>> have no recourse but using this non standard network. I use 192.168.2
>>> for dhcp assignments.
>>
>> With a /16 Netmask, covering the entire 192.168 RFC 1918 range, as if
>> we have plenty of IPv4 addresses?
>>
>> Please, let me see that ISPs customer documentation. They do have it
>> online, don't they? I'm familiar with that industry for nearly 30
>> years and have never seen a setup like that. It sounds so brain-dead
>> that my first idea was that you haven't understood.
> 
> There is no documentation. They keep it secret. What is known is by 
> reverse engineering.
> 
Indeed. One of the reasons I hate using mobile phones as routers. 
Arbitrary and strange IP addresses behind massive firewalls I don't 
control...

-- 
Of what good are dead warriors? … Warriors are those who desire battle 
more than peace. Those who seek battle despite peace. Those who thump 
their spears on the ground and talk of honor. Those who leap high the 
battle dance and dream of glory … The good of dead warriors, Mother, is 
that they are dead.
Sheri S Tepper: The Awakeners.

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#89332

From"Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid>
Date2026-07-31 13:57 +0200
Message-ID<nd3gtfFi6v2U5@mid.individual.net>
In reply to#89327
On 2026-07-31 13:46, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
> On 31/07/2026 12:38, Carlos E. R. wrote:
>> On 2026-07-30 18:43, Marc Haber wrote:
>>> "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>>>> On 2026-07-30 13:42, Marc Haber wrote:
>>>>> "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>>>>>> eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
>>>>>>           inet 192.168.2.9  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 
>>>>>> 192.168.255.255
>>>>>
>>>>> Using the entire 192.168.0.0/16 range for a single home network is a
>>>>> sure sign of a person not knowing too much about networking or an
>>>>> incompetent ISP.
>>>>
>>>> The ISP configures the router so that it is mandatory to use
>>>> 192.168.1.*, and they take a good chunk of it for their own usage. I
>>>> have no recourse but using this non standard network. I use 192.168.2
>>>> for dhcp assignments.
>>>
>>> With a /16 Netmask, covering the entire 192.168 RFC 1918 range, as if
>>> we have plenty of IPv4 addresses?
>>>
>>> Please, let me see that ISPs customer documentation. They do have it
>>> online, don't they? I'm familiar with that industry for nearly 30
>>> years and have never seen a setup like that. It sounds so brain-dead
>>> that my first idea was that you haven't understood.
>>
>> There is no documentation. They keep it secret. What is known is by 
>> reverse engineering.
>>
> Indeed. One of the reasons I hate using mobile phones as routers. 
> Arbitrary and strange IP addresses behind massive firewalls I don't 
> control...
> 

Well, this on is fibre. It is Movistar in Spain. And they are starting 
to "fine" people that use their own optical router. The EU can be 
fucked. Not fine, they simply cancel service.

Source:

<https://bandaancha.eu/articulos/aviso-excepcional-telefonica-conectan-11821>

     *Telefónica has issued an ultimatum to those connecting 
non-official equipment to its fibre network. They must either return 
their router or risk losing their service.*

     The freedom to connect one’s own equipment directly to Movistar’s 
fibre network is coming to an end. Movistar is sending a warning to 
users who do not use its official equipment, notifying them of a drastic 
measure: they will lose their connection if they do not return the 
original equipment.


-- 
Cheers,
        Carlos E.R.
        ES🇪🇸, EU🇪🇺;

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#89336 — Re: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets - Movistar "docs"

From"Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid>
Date2026-07-31 14:25 +0200
SubjectRe: Multi-Networking in Linux - Multiple Subnets - Movistar "docs"
Message-ID<nd3ihnFi6v5U6@mid.individual.net>
In reply to#89324
On 2026-07-31 13:38, Carlos E. R. wrote:
> On 2026-07-30 18:43, Marc Haber wrote:
>> "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>>> On 2026-07-30 13:42, Marc Haber wrote:
>>>> "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:


>> Please, let me see that ISPs customer documentation. They do have it
>> online, don't they? I'm familiar with that industry for nearly 30
>> years and have never seen a setup like that. It sounds so brain-dead
>> that my first idea was that you haven't understood.
> 
> There is no documentation. They keep it secret. What is known is by 
> reverse engineering.

I can, however, ask ChatGPT to explain the configuration of the Telefónica fibre router. I once did.

Ah, yes—that's a much more interesting question. You're asking about **Movistar's actual network architecture as delivered to the customer**, not the router UI. Fortunately, this is reasonably well understood because many people have reverse-engineered it.

The fibre entering your house is not just "Internet." It's an Ethernet trunk carrying several services over IEEE 802.1Q VLANs.

A typical FTTH connection looks conceptually like this:

```
                 Fibre (GPON/XGS-PON)

                     OLT
                      │
              ─────────────────
                      │
               Optical fibre
                      │
                  HGU / ONT
                      │
         ┌────────────┼────────────┐
         │            │            │
      Internet      IPTV        VoIP
```

The ONT converts GPON into Ethernet frames while preserving VLAN tags.

## VLAN layout

Historically (and still on many installations) Movistar uses:

| VLAN | Service               |
| ---: | --------------------- |
|    6 | Internet              |
|    2 | IPTV (Movistar Plus+) |
|    3 | VoIP                  |

These numbers have been remarkably stable for years.

The HGU internally creates three virtual interfaces:

```
eth0.2
eth0.3
eth0.6
```

where:

* `.2` is TV
* `.3` is telephone
* `.6` is Internet

The customer never sees these because they're terminated inside the router.

---

## Internet (VLAN 6)

This is the normal routed connection.

Historically it used PPPoE.

Nowadays most residential connections use **IPoE (DHCP)**.

The router obtains:

* one public IPv4 address
* gateway
* DNS

Then NAT is performed towards:

```
192.168.1.0/24
```

---

## IPTV (VLAN 2)

This is completely separate from Internet.

The TV decoder doesn't simply stream Netflix-like traffic over the Internet.

Instead it joins multicast groups using:

* IGMP
* IGMP Proxy
* IGMP Snooping

The flow is roughly:

```
TV Decoder

↓

IGMP Join

↓

Router

↓

VLAN 2

↓

Movistar TV network
```

Once subscribed, multicast packets are forwarded only to ports that requested them.

That's why the router has several hidden multicast-related options.

This separation also allows TV traffic to receive different QoS treatment from Internet traffic.

---

## Voice (VLAN 3)

The analogue phone ports on the HGU are actually connected to a SIP client running inside the router.

Internally:

```
Phone

↓

ATA

↓

SIP

↓

VLAN 3

↓

Movistar VoIP servers
```

The customer normally never sees:

* SIP username
* SIP password
* registrar
* codecs

These are provisioned automatically through Movistar's management system.

---

## Management

There is effectively another "service" that's not customer-facing.

The router maintains a management connection using protocols such as:

* TR-069 (CWMP)
* ACS (Auto Configuration Server)

This allows Movistar to:

* change Wi-Fi settings remotely (through the Smart WiFi app)
* update firmware
* reset configuration
* collect diagnostics
* reprovision services

So even if you never touch the router, it is periodically contacting Movistar's management servers.

---

## QoS

Because Internet, TV, and VoIP are already separated at Layer 2 using VLANs, the router can prioritize traffic approximately like this:

```
Highest priority
     Voice

Medium
     IPTV

Lower
     Internet
```

This ensures that a large download doesn't interfere with phone calls or TV.

---

## If you replace the router

This is where things become interesting.

If you connect your own router directly to the ONT (or use an SFP GPON/XGS-PON module), you need to recreate those VLAN interfaces yourself:

```
WAN
  ├── VLAN 6 → Internet
  ├── VLAN 2 → IPTV
  └── VLAN 3 → VoIP
```

Many users only configure VLAN 6 because they don't use the landline or Movistar TV. In that case, everything works except those services.

If you want the TV decoder to function correctly, you also need IGMP proxying and multicast support on VLAN 2. If you want the telephone service, you either need the SIP credentials (which Movistar does not normally provide) or you keep the HGU solely for VoIP.

---

So the "result" of Movistar's setup is essentially that your fibre presents **three logically independent Ethernet networks** over a single optical connection. The HGU acts as a demultiplexer:

* **VLAN 6 → Routed Internet (NAT to 192.168.1.0/24)**
* **VLAN 2 → Multicast IPTV network**
* **VLAN 3 → SIP/VoIP network**

 From the customer's perspective it looks like one broadband connection, but at the Ethernet level it's really three distinct services sharing the same fibre. This architecture is one of the reasons Movistar TV and phone continue working independently of your Internet traffic.


Q: of the 255 adresses of that router, some are reserved. There is the DHCP range, but I think there is another reserved for TV or something

Yes, there is. The HGU uses parts of the `192.168.1.0/24` subnet internally, although the exact assignments vary slightly by firmware and model.

A typical Movistar HGU ends up looking something like this:

| Address/range                  | Purpose                                           |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------- |
| `192.168.1.1`                  | Router LAN interface (default gateway)            |
| `192.168.1.2`–`192.168.1.31`   | Reserved for static devices and internal services |
| `192.168.1.33`–`192.168.1.254` | DHCP pool (default)                               |

The interesting part is what happens with the addresses below `.32`.

### IPTV decoder

The TV decoder normally receives an address **outside the normal DHCP pool**. Depending on the firmware, you'll often see it around:

* `192.168.1.200+`, or
* a reserved low address such as `.3`, `.4`, etc.

The router recognizes the decoder (by MAC address and DHCP options) and gives it a specific lease rather than treating it like an ordinary client.

### Internal interfaces

The HGU also creates several virtual interfaces that don't correspond to physical LAN ports. Some firmwares assign them addresses on the LAN subnet for:

* IPTV control
* IGMP proxy
* multicast relay
* management

These addresses are usually hidden from the web interface.

### Hidden DHCP reservations

The DHCP server is not simply "free addresses from .33 onward". It also has a table of **reserved MAC addresses** for Movistar equipment:

* TV decoder(s)
* Wi-Fi extenders (Movistar Amplificador/Smart WiFi)
* sometimes internal management devices

These reservations are invisible in the normal configuration pages.

### Why start at `.33`?

Movistar deliberately leaves the first 32 addresses available because network administrators often want to assign static IPs manually:

```
192.168.1.1   Router
192.168.1.2   NAS
192.168.1.3   Printer
192.168.1.4   Home Assistant
...
192.168.1.32  Reserved
192.168.1.33+ DHCP
```

So although the router itself isn't using all of `.2`–`.32`, it avoids allocating them dynamically.

---

One subtle point is that **the TV traffic itself is not carried over a separate IP subnet**. People sometimes assume there's a hidden `192.168.x.x` network for IPTV, but there isn't. The isolation happens at **Layer 2** (VLAN 2), and once the packets reach your LAN they're multicast IP packets on the same Ethernet segment. The decoder simply gets a normal IPv4 address on your LAN, then joins multicast groups via IGMP.

If you're asking because you've seen references to "reserved addresses for TV", I suspect you're remembering older Imagenio documentation. Early Movistar routers did indeed reserve specific LAN addresses for the set-top box, but modern HGUs rely much more on **MAC-based DHCP reservations** than on fixed IP numbers.




------------

DHCP config in my router was from 33 to 200. So I moved it to 192.168.2.* to have more.

-- 
Cheers,
        Carlos E.R.
        ES🇪🇸, EU🇪🇺;

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#89276

FromLawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid>
Date2026-07-30 21:18 +0000
Message-ID<114gf3s$24ndu$5@dont-email.me>
In reply to#89237
On Thu, 30 Jul 2026 13:58:28 +0200, Carlos E. R. wrote:

> The ISP configures the router so that it is mandatory to use
> 192.168.1.*, and they take a good chunk of it for their own usage. I
> have no recourse but using this non standard network.

I remember seeing one setup -- I think in the house of a friend of a
friend -- where there, not one, but *two* routers between the house
LAN and the Internet. The outer one specified one private LAN, while
the inner one put the house machines on an entirely different one.

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#89285

Fromc186282 <c186282@nnada.net>
Date2026-07-30 23:50 -0400
Message-ID<kfOdnWMfnYYfhvH3nZ2dnZfqnPSdnZ2d@giganews.com>
In reply to#89276
On 7/30/26 17:18, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
> On Thu, 30 Jul 2026 13:58:28 +0200, Carlos E. R. wrote:
> 
>> The ISP configures the router so that it is mandatory to use
>> 192.168.1.*, and they take a good chunk of it for their own usage. I
>> have no recourse but using this non standard network.
> 
> I remember seeing one setup -- I think in the house of a friend of a
> friend -- where there, not one, but *two* routers between the house
> LAN and the Internet. The outer one specified one private LAN, while
> the inner one put the house machines on an entirely different one.

   TWO routers ? UUUGGGH !!! Sounds like
   a world of trouble !

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#89286

FromRobert Riches <spamtrap42@jacob21819.net>
Date2026-07-31 04:06 +0000
Message-ID<slrn116o7qj.448.spamtrap42@one.localnet>
In reply to#89285
On 2026-07-31, c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> wrote:
> On 7/30/26 17:18, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
>> On Thu, 30 Jul 2026 13:58:28 +0200, Carlos E. R. wrote:
>> 
>>> The ISP configures the router so that it is mandatory to use
>>> 192.168.1.*, and they take a good chunk of it for their own usage. I
>>> have no recourse but using this non standard network.
>> 
>> I remember seeing one setup -- I think in the house of a friend of a
>> friend -- where there, not one, but *two* routers between the house
>> LAN and the Internet. The outer one specified one private LAN, while
>> the inner one put the house machines on an entirely different one.
>
>    TWO routers ? UUUGGGH !!! Sounds like
>    a world of trouble !

Sounds can be deceiving.  If the routers are arranged in series,
you get what is sometimes referred to as double-NAT.  You end up
with three levels of network:

- outer WAN with IP address provided by the ISP

- middle ground, LAN to the outer router and WAN to the inner
  router

- inner LAN

A host in the middle ground can access the rest of the middle
ground and the outer Internet.  The middle ground can be used for
less-trustworthy machines, like an employer's laptop or other
Windows machines.  It's somewhat like a DMZ.  If printers must be
accessed by the employer's laptop or other Windows machines, the
printer can go in the middle ground.

A host on the inner LAN can access the rest of the inner LAN, the
middle ground, and the outer Internet.  For an intruder to attack
a host on the inner LAN, the intruder needs to break through both
routers.

Zoom and a few other services don't play well with double NAT, so
Zoom and the like bad-mouth double NAT.  If I ever really need to
use Zoom, I'll use it from a Raspberry Pi in the middle ground.

-- 
Robert Riches
spamtrap42@jacob21819.net
(Yes, that is one of my email addresses.)

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#89288

Fromc186282 <c186282@nnada.net>
Date2026-07-31 00:34 -0400
Message-ID<tbicncdMNbd_uPH3nZ2dnZfqnPidnZ2d@giganews.com>
In reply to#89286
On 7/31/26 00:06, Robert Riches wrote:
> On 2026-07-31, c186282 <c186282@nnada.net> wrote:
>> On 7/30/26 17:18, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
>>> On Thu, 30 Jul 2026 13:58:28 +0200, Carlos E. R. wrote:
>>>
>>>> The ISP configures the router so that it is mandatory to use
>>>> 192.168.1.*, and they take a good chunk of it for their own usage. I
>>>> have no recourse but using this non standard network.
>>>
>>> I remember seeing one setup -- I think in the house of a friend of a
>>> friend -- where there, not one, but *two* routers between the house
>>> LAN and the Internet. The outer one specified one private LAN, while
>>> the inner one put the house machines on an entirely different one.
>>
>>     TWO routers ? UUUGGGH !!! Sounds like
>>     a world of trouble !
> 
> Sounds can be deceiving.  If the routers are arranged in series,
> you get what is sometimes referred to as double-NAT.  You end up
> with three levels of network:
> 
> - outer WAN with IP address provided by the ISP
> 
> - middle ground, LAN to the outer router and WAN to the inner
>    router
> 
> - inner LAN
> 
> A host in the middle ground can access the rest of the middle
> ground and the outer Internet.  The middle ground can be used for
> less-trustworthy machines, like an employer's laptop or other
> Windows machines.  It's somewhat like a DMZ.  If printers must be
> accessed by the employer's laptop or other Windows machines, the
> printer can go in the middle ground.
> 
> A host on the inner LAN can access the rest of the inner LAN, the
> middle ground, and the outer Internet.  For an intruder to attack
> a host on the inner LAN, the intruder needs to break through both
> routers.
> 
> Zoom and a few other services don't play well with double NAT, so
> Zoom and the like bad-mouth double NAT.  If I ever really need to
> use Zoom, I'll use it from a Raspberry Pi in the middle ground.

   Well, I'm not corporate-funded anymore and
   there's no clear approach to multiple routers
   on my home 5G connection.

   Likely what you say CAN be done ... but .....

   So, I'm looking for a "good cheat".

   Someone suggested altering the netmask in
   the device def ... make it 'broader'. MAY
   be that might do something.

   Or maybe create a gigantic clusterfuck.

   In any case, the "IOT" world is sucking
   up lots and lots of addresses. Depending,
   254 may NOT be enough, or at least be
   enough to create a horrible clutter you
   can't manage or organize. I'd LIKE to push
   all my "IOT"-type devices off into a different
   subnet YET be able to GET at them easily.

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#89329

From"Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid>
Date2026-07-31 13:50 +0200
Message-ID<nd3ggiFi6v2U3@mid.individual.net>
In reply to#89288
On 2026-07-31 06:34, c186282 wrote:
> 
>    In any case, the "IOT" world is sucking
>    up lots and lots of addresses. Depending,
>    254 may NOT be enough, or at least be
>    enough to create a horrible clutter you
>    can't manage or organize. I'd LIKE to push
>    all my "IOT"-type devices off into a different
>    subnet YET be able to GET at them easily.

That's an easier possibility. Use a second router with WiFi just for the 
IoT part, and put it on 172.16.0.0/12.

-- 
Cheers,
        Carlos E.R.
        ES🇪🇸, EU🇪🇺;

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#89342

FromMarc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us>
Date2026-07-31 14:51 +0200
Message-ID<114i5nq$23pqk$1@news1.tnib.de>
In reply to#89329
"Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>172.16.0.0/12.

Do not use that network with this prefix length in production
anywhere.

Not even to trigger me.

It's plain stupid.

Greetings
Marc

-- 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marc Haber         |   " Questions are the         | Mailadresse im Header
Rhein-Neckar, DE   |     Beginning of Wisdom "     | 
Nordisch by Nature | Lt. Worf, TNG "Rightful Heir" | Fon: *49 6224 1600402

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#89350

FromThe Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid>
Date2026-07-31 14:37 +0100
Message-ID<114i8fk$2ols3$3@dont-email.me>
In reply to#89342
On 31/07/2026 13:51, Marc Haber wrote:
> "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>> 172.16.0.0/12.
> 
> Do not use that network with this prefix length in production
> anywhere.
> 
> Not even to trigger me.
> 
> It's plain stupid.
> 
> Greetings
> Marc
> 
Ah. The Teutonic One True Stick
-- 
There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale 
returns of conjecture out of such a trifling investment of fact.

Mark Twain

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#89381

From"Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid>
Date2026-08-01 14:11 +0200
Message-ID<nd6636F4quU1@mid.individual.net>
In reply to#89342
On 2026-07-31 14:51, Marc Haber wrote:
> "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>> 172.16.0.0/12.
> 
> Do not use that network with this prefix length in production
> anywhere.
> 
> Not even to trigger me.
> 
> It's plain stupid.

I got it from an internet search:

The most commonly used private IPv4 address ranges are defined by Internet Engineering Task Force in RFC 1918:

| CIDR             | Address Range                     | Number of Addresses |
| ---------------- | --------------------------------- | ------------------- |
| `10.0.0.0/8`     | `10.0.0.0` – `10.255.255.255`     | 16,777,216          |
| `172.16.0.0/12`  | `172.16.0.0` – `172.31.255.255`   | 1,048,576           |
| `192.168.0.0/16` | `192.168.0.0` – `192.168.255.255` | 65,536              |



If it is wrong, you will have to explain.


-- 
Cheers,
        Carlos E.R.
        ES🇪🇸, EU🇪🇺;

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#89393

FromMarc Haber <mh+usenetspam2616@zugschl.us>
Date2026-08-01 16:49 +0200
Message-ID<114l12h$2aber$1@news1.tnib.de>
In reply to#89381
"Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>If it is wrong, you will have to explain.

I did.

-- 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marc Haber         |   " Questions are the         | Mailadresse im Header
Rhein-Neckar, DE   |     Beginning of Wisdom "     | 
Nordisch by Nature | Lt. Worf, TNG "Rightful Heir" | Fon: *49 6224 1600402

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#89395

FromThe Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid>
Date2026-08-01 16:49 +0100
Message-ID<114l4ic$3nej4$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#89393
On 01/08/2026 15:49, Marc Haber wrote:
> "Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid> wrote:
>> If it is wrong, you will have to explain.
> 
> I did.
> 
Not in any comprehensible form.

I still dont have any real idea what you are saying.
At various times you have said
networking is classless
class Cs don't exist any more
RFC1918, which specifies classs Cs, is completely valid.
Honestly I haven't a clue what your point is and I am losing the will to 
live


-
-- 
Climate Change: Socialism wearing a lab coat.

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#89409

Fromrbowman <bowman@montana.com>
Date2026-08-01 19:14 +0000
Message-ID<nd6ushF4198U8@mid.individual.net>
In reply to#89395
On Sat, 1 Aug 2026 16:49:32 +0100, The Natural Philosopher wrote:

> Honestly I haven't a clue what your point is and I am losing the will to
> live

I freely admit I don't know enough about network configuration to separate 
the fly shit from the pepper but I have the feeling that needs done.

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#89326

From"Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid>
Date2026-07-31 13:43 +0200
Message-ID<nd3g32Fi6v2U2@mid.individual.net>
In reply to#89276
On 2026-07-30 23:18, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
> On Thu, 30 Jul 2026 13:58:28 +0200, Carlos E. R. wrote:
> 
>> The ISP configures the router so that it is mandatory to use
>> 192.168.1.*, and they take a good chunk of it for their own usage. I
>> have no recourse but using this non standard network.
> 
> I remember seeing one setup -- I think in the house of a friend of a
> friend -- where there, not one, but *two* routers between the house
> LAN and the Internet. The outer one specified one private LAN, while
> the inner one put the house machines on an entirely different one.

Problem for me, is that the TV set expects the router to be on 
192.168.1.*. I would have to connect any TV on the house to the first 
router, and have two wires.

-- 
Cheers,
        Carlos E.R.
        ES🇪🇸, EU🇪🇺;

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#89328

FromThe Natural Philosopher <tnp@invalid.invalid>
Date2026-07-31 12:50 +0100
Message-ID<114i264$2ktba$11@dont-email.me>
In reply to#89326
On 31/07/2026 12:43, Carlos E. R. wrote:
> On 2026-07-30 23:18, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
>> On Thu, 30 Jul 2026 13:58:28 +0200, Carlos E. R. wrote:
>>
>>> The ISP configures the router so that it is mandatory to use
>>> 192.168.1.*, and they take a good chunk of it for their own usage. I
>>> have no recourse but using this non standard network.
>>
>> I remember seeing one setup -- I think in the house of a friend of a
>> friend -- where there, not one, but *two* routers between the house
>> LAN and the Internet. The outer one specified one private LAN, while
>> the inner one put the house machines on an entirely different one.
> 
> Problem for me, is that the TV set expects the router to be on 
> 192.168.1.*. I would have to connect any TV on the house to the first 
> router, and have two wires.
> 
You use a second dhcp server on the second router
]

-- 
"An intellectual is a person knowledgeable in one field who speaks out 
only in others...”

Tom Wolfe

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#89333

From"Carlos E. R." <robin_listas@es.invalid>
Date2026-07-31 14:00 +0200
Message-ID<nd3h2rFi6v2U6@mid.individual.net>
In reply to#89328
On 2026-07-31 13:50, The Natural Philosopher wrote:
> On 31/07/2026 12:43, Carlos E. R. wrote:
>> On 2026-07-30 23:18, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
>>> On Thu, 30 Jul 2026 13:58:28 +0200, Carlos E. R. wrote:
>>>
>>>> The ISP configures the router so that it is mandatory to use
>>>> 192.168.1.*, and they take a good chunk of it for their own usage. I
>>>> have no recourse but using this non standard network.
>>>
>>> I remember seeing one setup -- I think in the house of a friend of a
>>> friend -- where there, not one, but *two* routers between the house
>>> LAN and the Internet. The outer one specified one private LAN, while
>>> the inner one put the house machines on an entirely different one.
>>
>> Problem for me, is that the TV set expects the router to be on 
>> 192.168.1.*. I would have to connect any TV on the house to the first 
>> router, and have two wires.
>>
> You use a second dhcp server on the second router
> ]
> 

Sure, the goal being having 255*255 addresses, it can not be the 
192.168.1.* range. So I have to connect all TV sets to the first router, 
it is special. And then I need two cables.

-- 
Cheers,
        Carlos E.R.
        ES🇪🇸, EU🇪🇺;

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#89370

FromLawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid>
Date2026-07-31 22:52 +0000
Message-ID<114j8uq$34k3s$3@dont-email.me>
In reply to#89326
On Fri, 31 Jul 2026 13:43:30 +0200, Carlos E. R. wrote:

> Problem for me, is that the TV set expects the router to be on
> 192.168.1.*.

I’m sure that’s settable, buried in a settings menu somewhere.

Or alternatively, just leave the “smart TV” functionality
disabled altogether.

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