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comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions

Started byMarkus Triska <triska@logic.at>
First post2024-09-16 04:59 +0000
Last post2024-09-20 20:41 +0200
Articles 9 — 2 participants

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  comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions Markus Triska <triska@logic.at> - 2024-09-16 04:59 +0000
    broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions) Mild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm> - 2024-09-20 10:02 +0200
      Re: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions) Mild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm> - 2024-09-20 10:39 +0200
        Re: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions) Mild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm> - 2024-09-20 10:42 +0200
          Re: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions) Mild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm> - 2024-09-20 10:59 +0200
            Re: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions) Mild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm> - 2024-09-20 11:19 +0200
    Re: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions Mild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm> - 2024-09-20 14:04 +0200
      Re: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions Mild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm> - 2024-09-20 20:38 +0200
        Re: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions Mild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm> - 2024-09-20 20:41 +0200

#14190 — comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions

FromMarkus Triska <triska@logic.at>
Date2024-09-16 04:59 +0000
Subjectcomp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions
Message-ID<18c37160924.070003@logic.at>
                 Frequently Asked Questions - comp.lang.prolog

   Last-modified: 2022-02-24
   Last-changes: Update link to tutorial by J.R. Fisher. Geoffrey Churchill.

Markus Triska (Mar. 2 2007 - ... )

Remko Troncon (Jan. 6 2002 - Mar. 2 2007)

Dirk-Jan Faber (Feb. 1 1999 - Jan. 6 2002)

Jamie Andrews (Aug 26 1992 - Oct. 16 1997)
     __________________________________________________________________

     General Information: This article contains the answers to some
     Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) often seen in
     news://comp.lang.prolog/. It is posted (twice a month, currently on
     the 2nd and 16th) to help reduce volume in this newsgroup and to
     provide hard-to-find information of general interest.

     The World Wide Web URL for this FAQ is:
     http://www.logic.at/prolog/faq/

     Please send questions about the FAQ and updates to
     <triska@logic.at>.

   1. What is the Association for Logic Programming?

   To keep up with the current state of logic programming technology,
   readers can join the Association for Logic Programming (ALP) and
   receive their Newsletter. For details on how to join or send in
   contributions, check http://www.cs.nmsu.edu/ALP/ or contact

   Sandro Etalle <etalle@cs.utwente.nl>

   The Prolog Resource Guide (v0.6) was printed in issue 5/1 of the
   Newsletter (Feb. 1992). This lists information concerning Prolog
   Archives, Books, Suppliers, etc. It is now maintained by Mark
   Kantrowitz (<Mark.Kantrowitz@glinda.oz.cs.cmu.edu>), and used to be
   posted periodically to news://comp.lang.prolog.

   2. Where can I get a free Prolog for system X (PC, Mac, Unix or other)?

   The following are anonymous-FTP sites for free Prologs (or related
   languages) which are either in the public domain or are "copy-lefted"
   (permitted to be copied with some restrictions on commercial use).

   (Please note that for extensive development work, users will probably
   want a robust interpreter or compiler with good debugging facilities
   and a standard syntax, among other things. While public-domain systems
   are a valuable service to the community, they do not necessarily have
   all these things, and users should weigh carefully what they want to do
   against the capabilities and costs of the available systems.)

   ALF (Algebraic Logic Functional language)

          + Platforms: UNIX
          + Available: Unknown
          + E-mail: Rudolf Opalla
            <opalla@julien.informatik.uni-dortmund.de>
          + Info: WAM-based language with narrowing/rewriting

   Amzi! Prolog + Logic Server

          + Platforms: Window, Linux and Solaris
          + Available: http://www.amzi.com/download/
          + E-mail: <info@amzi.com>
          + Info: Registration is compulsory, except for the Free
            Academic/Personal/Evaluation License.

   Aquarius Prolog 1.0

          + Platforms: UNIX
          + Available: http://www.info.ucl.ac.be/people/PVR/aquarius.html
          + Info: High performance, commercial functionality except
            debugging and modules.

   Argo Prolog v.1.1

          + Platforms: Solaris 1.x and HP-UX 9.x
          + Available: Unknown
          + Contact: Takao Doi <doi@csk.co.jp>

   Arity/Prolog32

          + Platforms: Win32
          + Available: https://github.com/Peter-Gabel/ArityProlog32
          + Info: Arity/Prolog32 provides a complete Prolog programming
            environment in which you can write, debug, and run Prolog
            programs in 32-bit Windows environments (95/98/NT/2000).
            Arity/Prolog32 is a powerful, highly optimized, and extended
            version of the logic programming language Prolog.
            Arity/Prolog32 is a complete compiler and interpreter written
            in Prolog, C, and Assembly language and is a superset of
            Clocksin and Mellish Prolog.

   B-Prolog 8.1

          + Platforms: Win32, Solaris, SunOS, UNIX, FreeBSD and Linux
          + Available: http://www.probp.com/
          + E-mail: Neng-Fa Zhou <support@probp.com>
          + Info: Free of charge for individual users.

   BinProlog 7.0

          + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT, Linux and all major Unix
            platforms.
          + Available: https://code.google.com/archive/p/binprolog/
          + Info: Download free evaluation copies and see online demos.
            Inexpensive Educational licensing available.Has built-in
            networking, multi-threading, mobile code and distributed
            blackboards. Supports BinNet Internet Programming Tool kit.

   Brain Aid Prolog (BAP) v1.4

          + Platforms: Transputer systems
          + Info: BAP is a parallel prolog system for Transputer systems.
            Available under a Berkely style of copyright.

   C#Prolog

          + Platforms: Win32, UNIX
          + Available: http://sourceforge.net/projects/cs-prolog/
          + E-mail: John Pool <j.pool@ision.nl>
          + Info: A Prolog interpreter written in C#. Can easily be
            integrated in C# programs. Characteristics: reliable and quite
            fast beta version, command line interface, builtin DCG,
            XML-predicates, persistent predicates (using Firebird RDBMS),
            extendible.

   Ciao 1.4

          + Platforms: Linux, Win32 (95/98/NT), Solaris, SunOS, UNIX in
            general.
          + Available: http://ciao-lang.org
          + E-mail: Developers <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>, Users
            <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
          + Info: Next generation LP/CLP system. Commercial functionality,
            but freely available w/source. ISO-Prolog + modules,
            networking, multi-threading, clp(r), clp(q), interfaces (Java,
            C, tcltk, WWW, databases/ODBC, ...), functions, higher-order,
            records, persistence, objects, assertions (types, modes, ...),
            source debugger, auto-documenter, static debugger, and more.

   clp(FD)

          + Platforms: UNIX
          + Contact: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>
          + Info: Constraint logic programming over finite domains.
            Requires GNU C v.2.4.5 or higher.

   clp(FD,S)

          + Platforms: UNIX
          + Contact: Yan Georget <Yan.Georget@inria.fr>
          + Info: Requires GNU C (gcc) version 2.4.5. or higher.

   CLP(R)

          + Platforms: UNIX
          + Available: E-mail request from Joxan Jaffar
            <joxan@watson.ibm.com>.
          + Info: Constraint logic programming language, for academic and
            research purposes only.

   CxProlog

          + Platforms: UNIX, MacOS X, Windows
          + Available: http://ctp.di.fct.unl.pt/~amd/cxprolog/
          + Info: Open source (GPL) implementation supporting Unicode,
            threads, sockets, processes, contexts, imperative data
            structures, and interfaces with C/C++, Java, and wxWidgets
          + Contact: Artur Miguel Dias <amd@fct.unl.pt>

   ECLiPSe Constraint Logic Programming System, subsuming Prolog.

          + Platforms: Solaris, Linux, Linux/Alpha, Mac OS X, Windows
          + Available: http://eclipseclp.org or
            http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/eclipse-clp
          + Info: ECLiPSe is a Prolog and Constraint Programming platform
            with a long history and has been open-source since Sept 2006.
          + License: MPL

   IF Prolog V5.3

          + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP, Linux, Solaris, AIX,
            HP-UX and other UNIX platforms
          + Available: http://www.ifcomputer.de/Products/Prolog/
          + E-mail: <info@ifcomputer.de>
          + Info: IF Prolog is a commercial Prolog system with interfaces
            to C/C++, Java, sockets, Windows events and a COM servers. A
            graphical debugger allows step-forward, step backward
            debugging of Prolog code. A static module concept allows many
            additional errors to be detected at compile time. Constraint
            Programming (for finite domains, intervals and booleans using
            global constraints and linear optimisation).
          + License: Free evaluation copies and inexpensive educational
            licensing available.

   GNU Prolog

          + Platforms: Many Unixes, Windows, MacOS X
          + Available: http://www.gprolog.org/
          + E-mail: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>

   Jinni 2.27

          + Platforms: Java-based
          + Available: https://github.com/heathmanb/JinniProlog
          + Info: Multi-threaded, Java based Prolog interpreter with
            built-in networking, distributed blackboards and mobile code
            (inexpensive shareware licensing available).

   JIProlog

          + Platforms: Java-based
          + Available: http://www.jiprolog.com/
          + Info: Java Internet Prolog is a cross-platform pure Java 100%
            prolog interpreter that supplies Java world with the power of
            prolog language and provides prolog language with a technology
            to implement new predicates in Java.

   KLIC

          + Platforms: UNIX
          + Info: ICOT Free Software. Concurrent logic programming. Tested
            on Sparcs, DEC 7000, Gateway P5-60.
          + Contact: <ifs@icot.or.jp>

   LPA Win-Prolog, demo version

          + Platforms: Windows
          + Available: Available from http://www.lpa.co.uk/ind_dow.htm

   MINERVA

          + Platforms: Java
          + Info: Proprietary commercial ISO-Prolog Compiler in 100% Java
            support for web programming, XML, servlets, applets,
            standalones. Free evaluation license.

   Modular SB-Prolog (= SB-Prolog version 3.1 plus modules)

          + Platforms: SPARC, DECstation, MIPS, HP 9000 series, Sun 3.
          + Info: Copy-lefted.

   Open Prolog

          + Platforms: Apple Macintosh
          + Available: http://www.cs.tcd.ie/open-prolog/
          + E-mail: <brady@cs.tcd.ie>. (Michael Brady).

   Poplog Prolog

          + Platforms: Various Unixes, including Sun, Dec Alpha, HP and
            many others. Also a Win32 version is available. Sources
            available for other combinations.
          + Available: At the Free Poplog Web/FTP site, including full
            sources
            http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html
          + E-mail: queries may be posted to news://comp.lang.pop/, or to
            <pop-forum@cs.bham.ac.uk> or <A.Sloman@cs.bham.ac.uk> (Last
            resort!)
          + Info: Robust incremental compiler, part of the multi-language
            Poplog system (including Common Lisp, Pop-11 and Standard ML).
            Unix, Linux & VMS versions include full support for X window
            facilities/Motif. More information at
            http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/poplog.info.html
            Licence modelled on XFree86. Can be freely distributed, though
            copyright is owned by Sussex University and ISL.

   PIE2

          + Platforms: Unknown
          + Available: On CompuServe in the AIEXPERT forum, interpreter
            and examples in PIE2.ZIP, documentation in PIEDOC.ZIP.
          + E-mail: Brent Ruggles <ruggles@shell.com>

   QuProlog

          + Platforms: UNIX, Linux, beta for MAC
          + Available:
            http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~pjr/HomePages/QuPrologHome.html
          + E-mail: <pjr@itee.uq.edu.au>
          + Info: Extended WAM with support for quantifiers and
            substitutions, multi-threaded, high-level communication.

   Scryer Prolog

          + Platforms: Unix, Linux, Windows and Mac
          + Available: https://github.com/mthom/scryer-prolog
          + Info: A modern Prolog system written mostly in Rust.

   Strawberry Prolog

          + Platforms: Windows 95/NT, plans for UNIX and Macintosh
          + Available: http://www.dobrev.com/
          + E-mail: <dimiter@dobrev.com>

   SWI Prolog

          + Platforms: Binaries for Linux, Windows (NT/2000/XP/Vista) and
            Mac OS X (darwin). Sources: ANSI-C, both 32 and 64-bit
            machines, compiles on almost all Unix systems and more.
          + Available: http://www.swi-prolog.org
          + Info: Complete, ISO and Edinburgh standard, common
            optimizations, GC including atoms. Portable graphics, multiple
            threads, constraints, comprehensive libraries for (semantic)
            web programming, Unicode, source-level debugger, advanced
            syntax colouring
          + License: Simplified BSD. Run license/0 for more information.

   Tau Prolog

          + Platforms: Web-based
          + Available: http://tau-prolog.org/
          + Info: An open source Prolog interpreter in JavaScript.

   Trinc-Prolog

          + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT 4.0, plans for Windows 2000, Linux
            and Sun Solaris
          + E-mail: <info@trinc-prolog.com>

   Visual Prolog

          + Platforms: Win32
          + Available: http://www.visual-prolog.com
          + Info: Includes all the facilities necessary to write mission
            critical commercial-grade applications. Fully visual
            development environment. Open architecture. Object-oriented.
            Built-in database system and ODBC support. Visual Prolog
            Personal Edition is available on a freeware license.

   wamcc

          + Platforms: UNIX
          + Info: Compiler which translates Prolog to C via WAM.
            Debuggers. Requires GNU C v.2.4.5 or higher.
          + Contact: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>

   XGP

          + Platforms: Apple Macintosh OS X, 10.2.3+
          + Available: http://xgp.sourceforge.net/
          + Info: XGP is an open source (GPL) integrated development
            environment with user interface and graphics support based on
            gprolog and Cocoa under Macintosh OS X.

   XSB

          + Platforms: Many, including SunOS, Linux and Windows
          + Available: http://xsb.sourceforge.net/
          + E-mail: <xsb-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
          + Info: system with SLG-resolution, HiLog syntax, and
            unification factoring.

   Yap

          + Platforms: UNIX-based platforms and Windows
          + Available: https://github.com/vscosta/yap-6.3
          + E-mail: Vitor Santos Costa <vsc@ncc.up.pt>
          + Info: Yap is entirely written in C and Prolog and should be
            portable to most 32-bit and 64-bit Unix based platforms. A
            Windows port is also available. Yap4.2 is distributed under
            Perl's artistic license and can be freely distributed.

   3. What commercial systems are available? What about systems available
   for a price from research institutions?

   Many commercial systems are listed in the Prolog Resource Guide. The
   Resource Guide also lists many systems which are not exactly
   "commercial", but available for a price from research institutions. The
   list of such systems was originally compiled by Chris Moss, of Imperial
   College. The rest of the Resource Guide was originally compiled by Dag
   Wahlberg, of Uppsala University.

   The Prolog Resource Guide hasn't been updated lately, but nevertheless
   still contains some valuable information. It can be found at
   http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/faqs/lang/prolog/prg/top.html.

   4. How do I get in touch with my Prolog's users' group, sales
   representative, or technical support line?

   Here are some e-mail addresses of these contacts, listed alphabetically
   by company or major product name.

   ALS (Applied Logic Systems)

          + Web site: http://alsprolog.com

   Amzi! inc.

          + Web site: http://www.amzi.com
          + Information: <info@amzi.com>
          + Sales: <sales@amzi.com>
          + Support: <support@amzi.com>

   Arity/Prolog32

          + Web site: https://github.com/Peter-Gabel/ArityProlog32

   Ciao, PiLLoW, WebDB, etc.

          + Web site: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
          + Users' group: <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
          + Information: <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
          + Tech support: <ciao-bugs@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>

   COSYTEC (CHIP V5)

          + Web site: http://www.cosytec.com
          + Information: <info@cosytec.com> (or .fr)
          + Tech Support: <support@cosytec.com> (or .fr)

   ECLiPSe

          + Web site: http://eclipseclp.org
          + Users' group: <eclipse-clp-users@lists.sf.net>
          + Tech support: <http://eclipseclp.org/bugs.html>
          + Support contracts: <info@coninfer.com>

   Expert Systems Ltd. (Prolog-2)

          + Sales: <sales@expert.demon.co.uk>
          + Support: <support@expert.demon.co.uk>
          + Users' group: <prolog2-request@hplb.hpl.hp.com>

   GNU Prolog

          + Web site: http://www.gprolog.org/
          + Users' group: <users-prolog-request@gnu.org>
          + Bug reports: <bug-prolog@gnu.org>

   LPA

          + Web site: http://www.lpa.co.uk/
          + Sales: <sales@lpa.co.uk>
          + Tech support: <support@lpa.co.uk>

   MasterProLog

          + Formerly BIM ProLog

   PDC Prolog

          + PDC Prolog is the succesor to Turbo Prolog and the predecessor
            to Visual Prolog.

   ProLog by BIM

          + Currently MasterProLog

   Quintus

          + Web site: http://quintus.sics.se
          + Mailing list: see
            http://www.sics.se/isl/quintuswww/site/community.html
          + Sales: <qpsales@sics.se>
          + Tech support: <qpsupport@sics.se>

   SICStus

          + Web page: http://www.sics.se/sicstus
          + Mailing list: see
            http://www.sics.se/isl/sicstuswww/site/community.html
          + Sales: <sicstus-request@sics.se>
          + Tech support: <sicstus-support@sics.se>

   Trinc / Trinc-Prolog

          + Information: <info@trinc-prolog.com>
          + Sales: <sales@trinc-prolog.com>
          + Support: <support@trinc-prolog.com>

   Turbo Prolog

          + Turbo Prolog is the predecessor of PDC Prolog (see above).

   Visual Prolog

          + Web site: http://www.visual-prolog.com/
          + Information: <sales@pdc.dk> (or <sales@visual-prolog.com>)
          + Sales: <sales@pdc.dk> (or <sales@visual-prolog.com>)
          + Tech support: <support@pdc.dk> (or
            <support@visual-prolog.com>)

   5. I think language X is better than Prolog. What do you think?

   These debates rarely result in any productive discussion. To some
   extent, one's favourite language is based on irrational ideology.

   However, many people now agree that different languages are good for
   different things. Prolog seems to be good for problems in which logic
   is intimately involved, or whose solutions have a succinct logical
   characterization. Like other interactive, symbolic languages, Prolog is
   also good for rapid prototyping.

   Also, note that there are many different "Prologs" and other logic
   programming languages available, all with different capabilities.

   6. What are the recent developments?

   There are some languages in development which do not have Prolog
   syntax, but do subsume and generalize Prolog's logic programming
   abilities.

   Mercury

          + Web site: http://www.mercury.cs.mu.oz.au/index.html

   The Mozart Consortium:

          + Web site: http://mozart.github.io/
          + Mailing lists: <http://mozart.github.io/mailing-lists/>

   Some other languages bring new developments while also supporting
   Prolog syntax and functionality as an option:

   Ciao

          + Web site: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
          + Users' group: <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
          + Information: <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
          + Tech support: <ciao-bugs@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>

   Logtalk

          + Web site: http://logtalk.org/
          + E-mail: Paulo Moura <pmoura@logtalk.org>
          + Info: Open source object-oriented extension to Prolog
            compatible with most Prolog compilers.

   7. My Prolog prof assigned me this problem. Can you help me with it?

   If your instructor assigned it to you, he or she probably wanted you to
   do it yourself. If it's an introductory Prolog course, your question
   might be elementary to most readers, so it might be a waste of network
   resources to ask it. Please ask your instructor, a friend, a teaching
   assistant, or a local newsgroup for help first.

   That being said, there are news://comp.lang.prolog/ readers who would
   be glad to help people making a legitimate attempt to learn Prolog.

   8. Can you suggest some books on Prolog?

   The Prolog Resource Guide (see above) contains a listing of Prolog
   books. It is maintained by Mark Kantrowitz
   (<Mark.Kantrowitz@glinda.oz.cs.cmu.edu>), and posted periodically on
   news://comp.lang.prolog.

   Here are some of the most popular books on Prolog.

   Introductory

          + "Programming In Prolog". William F. Clocksin and Christopher
            S. Mellish. Springer-Verlag, 2003 (5th ed).
          + "Prolog for Programmers". Feliks Kluzniak and Stanislaw
            Szpakowicz. Academic Press, London, 1985, now available
            without charge from
            https://sites.google.com/site/prologforprogrammers/
          + "Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence". Ivan Bratko.
            Addison-Wesley, 2001 (3rd ed).

   Advanced

          + "The Art of Prolog: Advanced Programming Techniques". Leon
            Sterling and Ehud Shapiro. MIT Press, 1994 (2nd ed).
          + "The Craft of Prolog". Richard A. O'Keefe. MIT Press, 1990.

   Logic programming theory

          + "Foundations of Logic Programming". John Lloyd.
            Springer-Verlag, 1988 (2nd ed).
          + "Logic, Programming and Prolog". Ulf Nilsson and Jan
            Maluszynski. Originally published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
            (2nd ed. 1995) and now available without charge from
            http://www.ida.liu.se/~ulfni/lpp

   Expert Systems

          + "Building Expert Systems in Prolog". Dennis Merritt.
            Springer-Verlag, 1989. HTML & PDF versions available from
            http://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog

   9. Are there any WWW archives of comp.lang.prolog ?

   Yes, there are: Google Groups has archives of news://comp.lang.prolog/.
   They can be found at
   https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/comp.lang.prolog

   10. How can I get the ISO Prolog standard? Where can I go for more
   information about it?

   You can obtain the approved international standards from your national
   member body or directly from ISO (http://www.iso.org).

   The working group on Prolog standardisation is ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG17
   (http://www.sju.edu/~jhodgson/wg17/).

   Contacts:

          + Convenor of WG17: Ulrich Neumerkel
            (<ulrich@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>)

   Further literature: "Prolog: The Standard (Reference manual)", P.
   Deransart, A. Ed-Dbali, L. Cervoni, Springer Verlag (1996). Extra
   information can be found on
   http://pauillac.inria.fr/~deransar/prolog/docs.html

   http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/pr
   olog/doc/standard/ contains the December 1991 draft, the March 1993
   draft, Michael Covington's summary of it, and Richard O'Keefe's 1984
   Prolog standard draft.

   http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/iso-prolog/ ISO Prolog works
   and related material by the convenor of WG17.

   For questions about the standard, use this newsgroup or Stackoverflow.

   11. How does the WAM (Warren Abstract Machine) work? How do I write a
   WAM-based compiler or a WAM emulator?

   Reportedly the best tutorial is Hassan Ait-Kaci's book "Warren's
   Abstract Machine: A Tutorial Reconstruction" (MIT Press, 1991). The
   book is out of print, and available online at
   http://wambook.sourceforge.net.

   12. Is there a WWW page on logic programming?

   Yes, there is one by Jonathan Bowen; the URL is
   http://www.afm.sbu.ac.uk/logic-prog/. He invites us to mail him at
   <jonathan.bowen@sbu.ac.uk> with any relevant information for inclusion.

   A collection of artifacts from logic programming languages beginning
   with Marseille Prolog is available from
   http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/prolog/index.html

   A large amount of Prolog code is available from the CMU AI Repository:
   http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/0.htm
   l

   Recently, Stackoverflow has become a valuable resource for Prolog
   questions and answers: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/prolog

   Another community resource is the #prolog IRC channel on
   irc.libera.chat.

   13. Can I do Internet/WWW programming with Prolog?

   Prolog is very suitable for this task. Several commercial and free
   implementations include special support for it. A page specifically on
   this topic (including some tutorials) is maintained at
   http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/lpnet/lpnet.html. A public-domain library
   exists (PiLLoW) for several popular Prolog systems which helps in the
   task. See: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/pillow/

   14. Is there a WWW page with some tutorials on Prolog?

   Beginner level:

          + Adventure in Prolog:
            http://www.amzi.com/AdventureInProlog/advfrtop.htm
          + On-line guide to Prolog Programming:
            http://kti.ms.mff.cuni.cz/~bartak/prolog/index.html
          + Prolog Programming, A First Course:
            http://computing.unn.ac.uk/staff/cgpb4/prologbook/book.html
          + Learn Prolog Now!: http://www.learnprolognow.org

   Intermediate to advanced level:

          + https://skolemmachines.org/ThePrologTutorial/

   15. How do I edit Prolog code?

   Emacs and VIM ship with basic support for Prolog. A much improved Emacs
   mode is maintained by Stefan Bruda and available from
   https://bruda.ca/emacs/prolog_mode_for_emacs

   Logtalk ships with various editing services for many common editors,
   also usable for Prolog.

   SWI Prolog has a built-in Emacs clone called PceEmacs. There are also
   Emacs definitions that let you evaluate embedded queries:
   https://www.metalevel.at/ediprolog/. An SWI Prolog programming
   environment suitable for schools is available from
   http://lernen.bildung.hessen.de/informatik/swiprolog/indexe.htm

   A Prolog plug-in for the "Eclipse"-IDE is available from:
   http://eclipse.ime.usp.br/projetos/grad/plugin-prolog/index.html

   A sophisticated integrated editing and teaching environment with
   declarative debugging, termination analysis and many visualisations is
   available from http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/gupu/

   16. How do I publish Prolog code?

   Logtalk ships with support for various syntax highlighters, also usable
   for Prolog. These include support for Pygments (used e.g. on Trac and
   GitHub), Rouge (use e.g. in GitLab), GeSHi (used e.g. on Wikis), minted
   and texments LaTeX packages (e.g. source code listings), Google Code
   Prettify, Source-highlight, Highlight, SyntaxHighlighter, and SHJS
   (JavaScript highlighter for e.g. web pages).

Acknowledgements

   Thank you to all the people who helped put together the first version
   of this FAQ, and everyone who has contributed to it over the years.
   Special thanks to John Dowding for suggesting a good format for the
   list, and to Chris Moss, Dag Wahlberg, and Mark Kantrowitz for their
   work on the Prolog Resource Guide.

   Special thanks to Jamie Andrews, Dirk-Jan Faber and Remko Troncon, who
   have been maintaining and posting the FAQ in the past.

[toc] | [next] | [standalone]

#14193 — broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions)

FromMild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm>
Date2024-09-20 10:02 +0200
Subjectbroken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions)
Message-ID<vcja71$df34$1@solani.org>
In reply to#14190
Link is broken, i.e. 404 error etc.:

http://www.amzi.com/download/
http://www.probp.com/
http://www.ifcomputer.de/Products/Prolog/
http://www.lpa.co.uk/ind_dow.htm
http://www.cs.tcd.ie/open-prolog/
http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~pjr/HomePages/QuPrologHome.html
http://www.dobrev.com/
https://github.com/Peter-Gabel/ArityProlog32
http://www.mercury.cs.mu.oz.au/index.html
http://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog
http://www.sju.edu/~jhodgson/wg17/
http://wambook.sourceforge.net
http://www.afm.sbu.ac.uk/logic-prog/
http://computing.unn.ac.uk/staff/cgpb4/prologbook/book.html
http://lernen.bildung.hessen.de/informatik/swiprolog/indexe.htm

Link should be HTTPS, avoid expensive and brittle redirect:

http://www.metalevel.at/prolog/faq/
http://www.info.ucl.ac.be/people/PVR/aquarius.html
http://sourceforge.net/projects/cs-prolog/
http://ciao-lang.org
http://ctp.di.fct.unl.pt/~amd/cxprolog/
http://eclipseclp.org
http://www.gprolog.org/
http://www.jiprolog.com/
http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html
http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/poplog.info.html
http://www.swi-prolog.org
http://tau-prolog.org/
http://www.visual-prolog.com
http://xgp.sourceforge.net/
http://alsprolog.com
http://www.amzi.com
http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
http://www.cosytec.com
http://eclipseclp.org
http://www.gprolog.org/
http://www.lpa.co.uk/
http://quintus.sics.se
http://www.sics.se/sicstus
http://www.sics.se/isl/sicstuswww/site/community.html
http://www.visual-prolog.com/
http://mozart.github.io/
http://logtalk.org/
http://www.iso.org
http://www.deransart.fr//prolog/docs.html
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/doc/standard/
http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/iso-prolog/
http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/prolog/index.html
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/0.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/prolog
http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/lpnet/lpnet.html
http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/pillow/
http://www.amzi.com/AdventureInProlog/advfrtop.htm
http://kti.ms.mff.cuni.cz/~bartak/prolog/index.html
http://eclipse.ime.usp.br/projetos/grad/plugin-prolog/index.html
http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/gupu/

Disclaimer, migration to HTTPS is not possible
for all links, if the server does not yet support
HTTPS. It is recommended that all pointed to servers

migrate to HTTPS, if they didn't do yet. Also some
of the servers didn't have automatic HTTP to HTTPS
promotion enabled, which causes also problems.

Example error in modern browsers, take this link:

http://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog

Chrome shows me this error:

ExpertSystemsInProlog/:1 Mixed Content: The page at 
'https://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog/' was loaded over HTTPS, but 
requested an insecure script 
'http://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box&lang=en'. This 
request has been blocked;
the content must be served over HTTPS.

So the embedded image doesn't show. This is
a case of a server that has HTTPS, but the pages
were not updated to HTTPS. for example the image links
in it were not updated. Or the server does not have
automatic HTTP to HTTPS promotion enabled.

Again not so much a problem of the FAQ, but
of the pointed to server. But if the FAQ would
have https everywhere it would be clearer what
the modern policy is on the web.

Markus Triska schrieb:
>                   Frequently Asked Questions - comp.lang.prolog
> 
>     Last-modified: 2022-02-24
>     Last-changes: Update link to tutorial by J.R. Fisher. Geoffrey Churchill.
> 
> Markus Triska (Mar. 2 2007 - ... )
> 
> Remko Troncon (Jan. 6 2002 - Mar. 2 2007)
> 
> Dirk-Jan Faber (Feb. 1 1999 - Jan. 6 2002)
> 
> Jamie Andrews (Aug 26 1992 - Oct. 16 1997)
>       __________________________________________________________________
> 
>       General Information: This article contains the answers to some
>       Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) often seen in
>       news://comp.lang.prolog/. It is posted (twice a month, currently on
>       the 2nd and 16th) to help reduce volume in this newsgroup and to
>       provide hard-to-find information of general interest.
> 
>       The World Wide Web URL for this FAQ is:
>       http://www.logic.at/prolog/faq/
> 
>       Please send questions about the FAQ and updates to
>       <triska@logic.at>.
> 
>     1. What is the Association for Logic Programming?
> 
>     To keep up with the current state of logic programming technology,
>     readers can join the Association for Logic Programming (ALP) and
>     receive their Newsletter. For details on how to join or send in
>     contributions, check http://www.cs.nmsu.edu/ALP/ or contact
> 
>     Sandro Etalle <etalle@cs.utwente.nl>
> 
>     The Prolog Resource Guide (v0.6) was printed in issue 5/1 of the
>     Newsletter (Feb. 1992). This lists information concerning Prolog
>     Archives, Books, Suppliers, etc. It is now maintained by Mark
>     Kantrowitz (<Mark.Kantrowitz@glinda.oz.cs.cmu.edu>), and used to be
>     posted periodically to news://comp.lang.prolog.
> 
>     2. Where can I get a free Prolog for system X (PC, Mac, Unix or other)?
> 
>     The following are anonymous-FTP sites for free Prologs (or related
>     languages) which are either in the public domain or are "copy-lefted"
>     (permitted to be copied with some restrictions on commercial use).
> 
>     (Please note that for extensive development work, users will probably
>     want a robust interpreter or compiler with good debugging facilities
>     and a standard syntax, among other things. While public-domain systems
>     are a valuable service to the community, they do not necessarily have
>     all these things, and users should weigh carefully what they want to do
>     against the capabilities and costs of the available systems.)
> 
>     ALF (Algebraic Logic Functional language)
> 
>            + Platforms: UNIX
>            + Available: Unknown
>            + E-mail: Rudolf Opalla
>              <opalla@julien.informatik.uni-dortmund.de>
>            + Info: WAM-based language with narrowing/rewriting
> 
>     Amzi! Prolog + Logic Server
> 
>            + Platforms: Window, Linux and Solaris
>            + Available: http://www.amzi.com/download/
>            + E-mail: <info@amzi.com>
>            + Info: Registration is compulsory, except for the Free
>              Academic/Personal/Evaluation License.
> 
>     Aquarius Prolog 1.0
> 
>            + Platforms: UNIX
>            + Available: http://www.info.ucl.ac.be/people/PVR/aquarius.html
>            + Info: High performance, commercial functionality except
>              debugging and modules.
> 
>     Argo Prolog v.1.1
> 
>            + Platforms: Solaris 1.x and HP-UX 9.x
>            + Available: Unknown
>            + Contact: Takao Doi <doi@csk.co.jp>
> 
>     Arity/Prolog32
> 
>            + Platforms: Win32
>            + Available: https://github.com/Peter-Gabel/ArityProlog32
>            + Info: Arity/Prolog32 provides a complete Prolog programming
>              environment in which you can write, debug, and run Prolog
>              programs in 32-bit Windows environments (95/98/NT/2000).
>              Arity/Prolog32 is a powerful, highly optimized, and extended
>              version of the logic programming language Prolog.
>              Arity/Prolog32 is a complete compiler and interpreter written
>              in Prolog, C, and Assembly language and is a superset of
>              Clocksin and Mellish Prolog.
> 
>     B-Prolog 8.1
> 
>            + Platforms: Win32, Solaris, SunOS, UNIX, FreeBSD and Linux
>            + Available: http://www.probp.com/
>            + E-mail: Neng-Fa Zhou <support@probp.com>
>            + Info: Free of charge for individual users.
> 
>     BinProlog 7.0
> 
>            + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT, Linux and all major Unix
>              platforms.
>            + Available: https://code.google.com/archive/p/binprolog/
>            + Info: Download free evaluation copies and see online demos.
>              Inexpensive Educational licensing available.Has built-in
>              networking, multi-threading, mobile code and distributed
>              blackboards. Supports BinNet Internet Programming Tool kit.
> 
>     Brain Aid Prolog (BAP) v1.4
> 
>            + Platforms: Transputer systems
>            + Info: BAP is a parallel prolog system for Transputer systems.
>              Available under a Berkely style of copyright.
> 
>     C#Prolog
> 
>            + Platforms: Win32, UNIX
>            + Available: http://sourceforge.net/projects/cs-prolog/
>            + E-mail: John Pool <j.pool@ision.nl>
>            + Info: A Prolog interpreter written in C#. Can easily be
>              integrated in C# programs. Characteristics: reliable and quite
>              fast beta version, command line interface, builtin DCG,
>              XML-predicates, persistent predicates (using Firebird RDBMS),
>              extendible.
> 
>     Ciao 1.4
> 
>            + Platforms: Linux, Win32 (95/98/NT), Solaris, SunOS, UNIX in
>              general.
>            + Available: http://ciao-lang.org
>            + E-mail: Developers <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>, Users
>              <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>            + Info: Next generation LP/CLP system. Commercial functionality,
>              but freely available w/source. ISO-Prolog + modules,
>              networking, multi-threading, clp(r), clp(q), interfaces (Java,
>              C, tcltk, WWW, databases/ODBC, ...), functions, higher-order,
>              records, persistence, objects, assertions (types, modes, ...),
>              source debugger, auto-documenter, static debugger, and more.
> 
>     clp(FD)
> 
>            + Platforms: UNIX
>            + Contact: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>
>            + Info: Constraint logic programming over finite domains.
>              Requires GNU C v.2.4.5 or higher.
> 
>     clp(FD,S)
> 
>            + Platforms: UNIX
>            + Contact: Yan Georget <Yan.Georget@inria.fr>
>            + Info: Requires GNU C (gcc) version 2.4.5. or higher.
> 
>     CLP(R)
> 
>            + Platforms: UNIX
>            + Available: E-mail request from Joxan Jaffar
>              <joxan@watson.ibm.com>.
>            + Info: Constraint logic programming language, for academic and
>              research purposes only.
> 
>     CxProlog
> 
>            + Platforms: UNIX, MacOS X, Windows
>            + Available: http://ctp.di.fct.unl.pt/~amd/cxprolog/
>            + Info: Open source (GPL) implementation supporting Unicode,
>              threads, sockets, processes, contexts, imperative data
>              structures, and interfaces with C/C++, Java, and wxWidgets
>            + Contact: Artur Miguel Dias <amd@fct.unl.pt>
> 
>     ECLiPSe Constraint Logic Programming System, subsuming Prolog.
> 
>            + Platforms: Solaris, Linux, Linux/Alpha, Mac OS X, Windows
>            + Available: http://eclipseclp.org or
>              http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/eclipse-clp
>            + Info: ECLiPSe is a Prolog and Constraint Programming platform
>              with a long history and has been open-source since Sept 2006.
>            + License: MPL
> 
>     IF Prolog V5.3
> 
>            + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP, Linux, Solaris, AIX,
>              HP-UX and other UNIX platforms
>            + Available: http://www.ifcomputer.de/Products/Prolog/
>            + E-mail: <info@ifcomputer.de>
>            + Info: IF Prolog is a commercial Prolog system with interfaces
>              to C/C++, Java, sockets, Windows events and a COM servers. A
>              graphical debugger allows step-forward, step backward
>              debugging of Prolog code. A static module concept allows many
>              additional errors to be detected at compile time. Constraint
>              Programming (for finite domains, intervals and booleans using
>              global constraints and linear optimisation).
>            + License: Free evaluation copies and inexpensive educational
>              licensing available.
> 
>     GNU Prolog
> 
>            + Platforms: Many Unixes, Windows, MacOS X
>            + Available: http://www.gprolog.org/
>            + E-mail: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>
> 
>     Jinni 2.27
> 
>            + Platforms: Java-based
>            + Available: https://github.com/heathmanb/JinniProlog
>            + Info: Multi-threaded, Java based Prolog interpreter with
>              built-in networking, distributed blackboards and mobile code
>              (inexpensive shareware licensing available).
> 
>     JIProlog
> 
>            + Platforms: Java-based
>            + Available: http://www.jiprolog.com/
>            + Info: Java Internet Prolog is a cross-platform pure Java 100%
>              prolog interpreter that supplies Java world with the power of
>              prolog language and provides prolog language with a technology
>              to implement new predicates in Java.
> 
>     KLIC
> 
>            + Platforms: UNIX
>            + Info: ICOT Free Software. Concurrent logic programming. Tested
>              on Sparcs, DEC 7000, Gateway P5-60.
>            + Contact: <ifs@icot.or.jp>
> 
>     LPA Win-Prolog, demo version
> 
>            + Platforms: Windows
>            + Available: Available from http://www.lpa.co.uk/ind_dow.htm
> 
>     MINERVA
> 
>            + Platforms: Java
>            + Info: Proprietary commercial ISO-Prolog Compiler in 100% Java
>              support for web programming, XML, servlets, applets,
>              standalones. Free evaluation license.
> 
>     Modular SB-Prolog (= SB-Prolog version 3.1 plus modules)
> 
>            + Platforms: SPARC, DECstation, MIPS, HP 9000 series, Sun 3.
>            + Info: Copy-lefted.
> 
>     Open Prolog
> 
>            + Platforms: Apple Macintosh
>            + Available: http://www.cs.tcd.ie/open-prolog/
>            + E-mail: <brady@cs.tcd.ie>. (Michael Brady).
> 
>     Poplog Prolog
> 
>            + Platforms: Various Unixes, including Sun, Dec Alpha, HP and
>              many others. Also a Win32 version is available. Sources
>              available for other combinations.
>            + Available: At the Free Poplog Web/FTP site, including full
>              sources
>              http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html
>            + E-mail: queries may be posted to news://comp.lang.pop/, or to
>              <pop-forum@cs.bham.ac.uk> or <A.Sloman@cs.bham.ac.uk> (Last
>              resort!)
>            + Info: Robust incremental compiler, part of the multi-language
>              Poplog system (including Common Lisp, Pop-11 and Standard ML).
>              Unix, Linux & VMS versions include full support for X window
>              facilities/Motif. More information at
>              http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/poplog.info.html
>              Licence modelled on XFree86. Can be freely distributed, though
>              copyright is owned by Sussex University and ISL.
> 
>     PIE2
> 
>            + Platforms: Unknown
>            + Available: On CompuServe in the AIEXPERT forum, interpreter
>              and examples in PIE2.ZIP, documentation in PIEDOC.ZIP.
>            + E-mail: Brent Ruggles <ruggles@shell.com>
> 
>     QuProlog
> 
>            + Platforms: UNIX, Linux, beta for MAC
>            + Available:
>              http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~pjr/HomePages/QuPrologHome.html
>            + E-mail: <pjr@itee.uq.edu.au>
>            + Info: Extended WAM with support for quantifiers and
>              substitutions, multi-threaded, high-level communication.
> 
>     Scryer Prolog
> 
>            + Platforms: Unix, Linux, Windows and Mac
>            + Available: https://github.com/mthom/scryer-prolog
>            + Info: A modern Prolog system written mostly in Rust.
> 
>     Strawberry Prolog
> 
>            + Platforms: Windows 95/NT, plans for UNIX and Macintosh
>            + Available: http://www.dobrev.com/
>            + E-mail: <dimiter@dobrev.com>
> 
>     SWI Prolog
> 
>            + Platforms: Binaries for Linux, Windows (NT/2000/XP/Vista) and
>              Mac OS X (darwin). Sources: ANSI-C, both 32 and 64-bit
>              machines, compiles on almost all Unix systems and more.
>            + Available: http://www.swi-prolog.org
>            + Info: Complete, ISO and Edinburgh standard, common
>              optimizations, GC including atoms. Portable graphics, multiple
>              threads, constraints, comprehensive libraries for (semantic)
>              web programming, Unicode, source-level debugger, advanced
>              syntax colouring
>            + License: Simplified BSD. Run license/0 for more information.
> 
>     Tau Prolog
> 
>            + Platforms: Web-based
>            + Available: http://tau-prolog.org/
>            + Info: An open source Prolog interpreter in JavaScript.
> 
>     Trinc-Prolog
> 
>            + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT 4.0, plans for Windows 2000, Linux
>              and Sun Solaris
>            + E-mail: <info@trinc-prolog.com>
> 
>     Visual Prolog
> 
>            + Platforms: Win32
>            + Available: http://www.visual-prolog.com
>            + Info: Includes all the facilities necessary to write mission
>              critical commercial-grade applications. Fully visual
>              development environment. Open architecture. Object-oriented.
>              Built-in database system and ODBC support. Visual Prolog
>              Personal Edition is available on a freeware license.
> 
>     wamcc
> 
>            + Platforms: UNIX
>            + Info: Compiler which translates Prolog to C via WAM.
>              Debuggers. Requires GNU C v.2.4.5 or higher.
>            + Contact: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>
> 
>     XGP
> 
>            + Platforms: Apple Macintosh OS X, 10.2.3+
>            + Available: http://xgp.sourceforge.net/
>            + Info: XGP is an open source (GPL) integrated development
>              environment with user interface and graphics support based on
>              gprolog and Cocoa under Macintosh OS X.
> 
>     XSB
> 
>            + Platforms: Many, including SunOS, Linux and Windows
>            + Available: http://xsb.sourceforge.net/
>            + E-mail: <xsb-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
>            + Info: system with SLG-resolution, HiLog syntax, and
>              unification factoring.
> 
>     Yap
> 
>            + Platforms: UNIX-based platforms and Windows
>            + Available: https://github.com/vscosta/yap-6.3
>            + E-mail: Vitor Santos Costa <vsc@ncc.up.pt>
>            + Info: Yap is entirely written in C and Prolog and should be
>              portable to most 32-bit and 64-bit Unix based platforms. A
>              Windows port is also available. Yap4.2 is distributed under
>              Perl's artistic license and can be freely distributed.
> 
>     3. What commercial systems are available? What about systems available
>     for a price from research institutions?
> 
>     Many commercial systems are listed in the Prolog Resource Guide. The
>     Resource Guide also lists many systems which are not exactly
>     "commercial", but available for a price from research institutions. The
>     list of such systems was originally compiled by Chris Moss, of Imperial
>     College. The rest of the Resource Guide was originally compiled by Dag
>     Wahlberg, of Uppsala University.
> 
>     The Prolog Resource Guide hasn't been updated lately, but nevertheless
>     still contains some valuable information. It can be found at
>     http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/faqs/lang/prolog/prg/top.html.
> 
>     4. How do I get in touch with my Prolog's users' group, sales
>     representative, or technical support line?
> 
>     Here are some e-mail addresses of these contacts, listed alphabetically
>     by company or major product name.
> 
>     ALS (Applied Logic Systems)
> 
>            + Web site: http://alsprolog.com
> 
>     Amzi! inc.
> 
>            + Web site: http://www.amzi.com
>            + Information: <info@amzi.com>
>            + Sales: <sales@amzi.com>
>            + Support: <support@amzi.com>
> 
>     Arity/Prolog32
> 
>            + Web site: https://github.com/Peter-Gabel/ArityProlog32
> 
>     Ciao, PiLLoW, WebDB, etc.
> 
>            + Web site: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
>            + Users' group: <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>            + Information: <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>            + Tech support: <ciao-bugs@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
> 
>     COSYTEC (CHIP V5)
> 
>            + Web site: http://www.cosytec.com
>            + Information: <info@cosytec.com> (or .fr)
>            + Tech Support: <support@cosytec.com> (or .fr)
> 
>     ECLiPSe
> 
>            + Web site: http://eclipseclp.org
>            + Users' group: <eclipse-clp-users@lists.sf.net>
>            + Tech support: <http://eclipseclp.org/bugs.html>
>            + Support contracts: <info@coninfer.com>
> 
>     Expert Systems Ltd. (Prolog-2)
> 
>            + Sales: <sales@expert.demon.co.uk>
>            + Support: <support@expert.demon.co.uk>
>            + Users' group: <prolog2-request@hplb.hpl.hp.com>
> 
>     GNU Prolog
> 
>            + Web site: http://www.gprolog.org/
>            + Users' group: <users-prolog-request@gnu.org>
>            + Bug reports: <bug-prolog@gnu.org>
> 
>     LPA
> 
>            + Web site: http://www.lpa.co.uk/
>            + Sales: <sales@lpa.co.uk>
>            + Tech support: <support@lpa.co.uk>
> 
>     MasterProLog
> 
>            + Formerly BIM ProLog
> 
>     PDC Prolog
> 
>            + PDC Prolog is the succesor to Turbo Prolog and the predecessor
>              to Visual Prolog.
> 
>     ProLog by BIM
> 
>            + Currently MasterProLog
> 
>     Quintus
> 
>            + Web site: http://quintus.sics.se
>            + Mailing list: see
>              http://www.sics.se/isl/quintuswww/site/community.html
>            + Sales: <qpsales@sics.se>
>            + Tech support: <qpsupport@sics.se>
> 
>     SICStus
> 
>            + Web page: http://www.sics.se/sicstus
>            + Mailing list: see
>              http://www.sics.se/isl/sicstuswww/site/community.html
>            + Sales: <sicstus-request@sics.se>
>            + Tech support: <sicstus-support@sics.se>
> 
>     Trinc / Trinc-Prolog
> 
>            + Information: <info@trinc-prolog.com>
>            + Sales: <sales@trinc-prolog.com>
>            + Support: <support@trinc-prolog.com>
> 
>     Turbo Prolog
> 
>            + Turbo Prolog is the predecessor of PDC Prolog (see above).
> 
>     Visual Prolog
> 
>            + Web site: http://www.visual-prolog.com/
>            + Information: <sales@pdc.dk> (or <sales@visual-prolog.com>)
>            + Sales: <sales@pdc.dk> (or <sales@visual-prolog.com>)
>            + Tech support: <support@pdc.dk> (or
>              <support@visual-prolog.com>)
> 
>     5. I think language X is better than Prolog. What do you think?
> 
>     These debates rarely result in any productive discussion. To some
>     extent, one's favourite language is based on irrational ideology.
> 
>     However, many people now agree that different languages are good for
>     different things. Prolog seems to be good for problems in which logic
>     is intimately involved, or whose solutions have a succinct logical
>     characterization. Like other interactive, symbolic languages, Prolog is
>     also good for rapid prototyping.
> 
>     Also, note that there are many different "Prologs" and other logic
>     programming languages available, all with different capabilities.
> 
>     6. What are the recent developments?
> 
>     There are some languages in development which do not have Prolog
>     syntax, but do subsume and generalize Prolog's logic programming
>     abilities.
> 
>     Mercury
> 
>            + Web site: http://www.mercury.cs.mu.oz.au/index.html
> 
>     The Mozart Consortium:
> 
>            + Web site: http://mozart.github.io/
>            + Mailing lists: <http://mozart.github.io/mailing-lists/>
> 
>     Some other languages bring new developments while also supporting
>     Prolog syntax and functionality as an option:
> 
>     Ciao
> 
>            + Web site: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
>            + Users' group: <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>            + Information: <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>            + Tech support: <ciao-bugs@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
> 
>     Logtalk
> 
>            + Web site: http://logtalk.org/
>            + E-mail: Paulo Moura <pmoura@logtalk.org>
>            + Info: Open source object-oriented extension to Prolog
>              compatible with most Prolog compilers.
> 
>     7. My Prolog prof assigned me this problem. Can you help me with it?
> 
>     If your instructor assigned it to you, he or she probably wanted you to
>     do it yourself. If it's an introductory Prolog course, your question
>     might be elementary to most readers, so it might be a waste of network
>     resources to ask it. Please ask your instructor, a friend, a teaching
>     assistant, or a local newsgroup for help first.
> 
>     That being said, there are news://comp.lang.prolog/ readers who would
>     be glad to help people making a legitimate attempt to learn Prolog.
> 
>     8. Can you suggest some books on Prolog?
> 
>     The Prolog Resource Guide (see above) contains a listing of Prolog
>     books. It is maintained by Mark Kantrowitz
>     (<Mark.Kantrowitz@glinda.oz.cs.cmu.edu>), and posted periodically on
>     news://comp.lang.prolog.
> 
>     Here are some of the most popular books on Prolog.
> 
>     Introductory
> 
>            + "Programming In Prolog". William F. Clocksin and Christopher
>              S. Mellish. Springer-Verlag, 2003 (5th ed).
>            + "Prolog for Programmers". Feliks Kluzniak and Stanislaw
>              Szpakowicz. Academic Press, London, 1985, now available
>              without charge from
>              https://sites.google.com/site/prologforprogrammers/
>            + "Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence". Ivan Bratko.
>              Addison-Wesley, 2001 (3rd ed).
> 
>     Advanced
> 
>            + "The Art of Prolog: Advanced Programming Techniques". Leon
>              Sterling and Ehud Shapiro. MIT Press, 1994 (2nd ed).
>            + "The Craft of Prolog". Richard A. O'Keefe. MIT Press, 1990.
> 
>     Logic programming theory
> 
>            + "Foundations of Logic Programming". John Lloyd.
>              Springer-Verlag, 1988 (2nd ed).
>            + "Logic, Programming and Prolog". Ulf Nilsson and Jan
>              Maluszynski. Originally published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
>              (2nd ed. 1995) and now available without charge from
>              http://www.ida.liu.se/~ulfni/lpp
> 
>     Expert Systems
> 
>            + "Building Expert Systems in Prolog". Dennis Merritt.
>              Springer-Verlag, 1989. HTML & PDF versions available from
>              http://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog
> 
>     9. Are there any WWW archives of comp.lang.prolog ?
> 
>     Yes, there are: Google Groups has archives of news://comp.lang.prolog/.
>     They can be found at
>     https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/comp.lang.prolog
> 
>     10. How can I get the ISO Prolog standard? Where can I go for more
>     information about it?
> 
>     You can obtain the approved international standards from your national
>     member body or directly from ISO (http://www.iso.org).
> 
>     The working group on Prolog standardisation is ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG17
>     (http://www.sju.edu/~jhodgson/wg17/).
> 
>     Contacts:
> 
>            + Convenor of WG17: Ulrich Neumerkel
>              (<ulrich@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>)
> 
>     Further literature: "Prolog: The Standard (Reference manual)", P.
>     Deransart, A. Ed-Dbali, L. Cervoni, Springer Verlag (1996). Extra
>     information can be found on
>     http://pauillac.inria.fr/~deransar/prolog/docs.html
> 
>     http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/pr
>     olog/doc/standard/ contains the December 1991 draft, the March 1993
>     draft, Michael Covington's summary of it, and Richard O'Keefe's 1984
>     Prolog standard draft.
> 
>     http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/iso-prolog/ ISO Prolog works
>     and related material by the convenor of WG17.
> 
>     For questions about the standard, use this newsgroup or Stackoverflow.
> 
>     11. How does the WAM (Warren Abstract Machine) work? How do I write a
>     WAM-based compiler or a WAM emulator?
> 
>     Reportedly the best tutorial is Hassan Ait-Kaci's book "Warren's
>     Abstract Machine: A Tutorial Reconstruction" (MIT Press, 1991). The
>     book is out of print, and available online at
>     http://wambook.sourceforge.net.
> 
>     12. Is there a WWW page on logic programming?
> 
>     Yes, there is one by Jonathan Bowen; the URL is
>     http://www.afm.sbu.ac.uk/logic-prog/. He invites us to mail him at
>     <jonathan.bowen@sbu.ac.uk> with any relevant information for inclusion.
> 
>     A collection of artifacts from logic programming languages beginning
>     with Marseille Prolog is available from
>     http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/prolog/index.html
> 
>     A large amount of Prolog code is available from the CMU AI Repository:
>     http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/0.htm
>     l
> 
>     Recently, Stackoverflow has become a valuable resource for Prolog
>     questions and answers: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/prolog
> 
>     Another community resource is the #prolog IRC channel on
>     irc.libera.chat.
> 
>     13. Can I do Internet/WWW programming with Prolog?
> 
>     Prolog is very suitable for this task. Several commercial and free
>     implementations include special support for it. A page specifically on
>     this topic (including some tutorials) is maintained at
>     http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/lpnet/lpnet.html. A public-domain library
>     exists (PiLLoW) for several popular Prolog systems which helps in the
>     task. See: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/pillow/
> 
>     14. Is there a WWW page with some tutorials on Prolog?
> 
>     Beginner level:
> 
>            + Adventure in Prolog:
>              http://www.amzi.com/AdventureInProlog/advfrtop.htm
>            + On-line guide to Prolog Programming:
>              http://kti.ms.mff.cuni.cz/~bartak/prolog/index.html
>            + Prolog Programming, A First Course:
>              http://computing.unn.ac.uk/staff/cgpb4/prologbook/book.html
>            + Learn Prolog Now!: http://www.learnprolognow.org
> 
>     Intermediate to advanced level:
> 
>            + https://skolemmachines.org/ThePrologTutorial/
> 
>     15. How do I edit Prolog code?
> 
>     Emacs and VIM ship with basic support for Prolog. A much improved Emacs
>     mode is maintained by Stefan Bruda and available from
>     https://bruda.ca/emacs/prolog_mode_for_emacs
> 
>     Logtalk ships with various editing services for many common editors,
>     also usable for Prolog.
> 
>     SWI Prolog has a built-in Emacs clone called PceEmacs. There are also
>     Emacs definitions that let you evaluate embedded queries:
>     https://www.metalevel.at/ediprolog/. An SWI Prolog programming
>     environment suitable for schools is available from
>     http://lernen.bildung.hessen.de/informatik/swiprolog/indexe.htm
> 
>     A Prolog plug-in for the "Eclipse"-IDE is available from:
>     http://eclipse.ime.usp.br/projetos/grad/plugin-prolog/index.html
> 
>     A sophisticated integrated editing and teaching environment with
>     declarative debugging, termination analysis and many visualisations is
>     available from http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/gupu/
> 
>     16. How do I publish Prolog code?
> 
>     Logtalk ships with support for various syntax highlighters, also usable
>     for Prolog. These include support for Pygments (used e.g. on Trac and
>     GitHub), Rouge (use e.g. in GitLab), GeSHi (used e.g. on Wikis), minted
>     and texments LaTeX packages (e.g. source code listings), Google Code
>     Prettify, Source-highlight, Highlight, SyntaxHighlighter, and SHJS
>     (JavaScript highlighter for e.g. web pages).
> 
> Acknowledgements
> 
>     Thank you to all the people who helped put together the first version
>     of this FAQ, and everyone who has contributed to it over the years.
>     Special thanks to John Dowding for suggesting a good format for the
>     list, and to Chris Moss, Dag Wahlberg, and Mark Kantrowitz for their
>     work on the Prolog Resource Guide.
> 
>     Special thanks to Jamie Andrews, Dirk-Jan Faber and Remko Troncon, who
>     have been maintaining and posting the FAQ in the past.
>

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#14194 — Re: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions)

FromMild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm>
Date2024-09-20 10:39 +0200
SubjectRe: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions)
Message-ID<vcjcco$g1tk$1@solani.org>
In reply to#14193
Why should HTTP to HTTPS promotion be avoided, because
theoretically a HTTP url can be more easily
intercepted than a HTTPS url, so when I enter:

http://web.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~mukai/pac-1.9.8.tgz

It could be redirected to:

https://www.explosive.pager/

So its better to have directly HTTPS links everywhere.
I guess this should also hold for packs. For example
@kuniaki.mukai gave me this HTTP link, and the

SWI-Prolog package manager allowed to use it:

 > How about this, which was the only way for
 > me to install the latest pac.
 > ?- pack_install(pac, 
[url('http://web.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~mukai/pac-1.9.8.tgz')]).

I was more expecting a HTTPS link.

Mild Shock schrieb:
> 
> Link is broken, i.e. 404 error etc.:
> 
> http://www.amzi.com/download/
> http://www.probp.com/
> http://www.ifcomputer.de/Products/Prolog/
> http://www.lpa.co.uk/ind_dow.htm
> http://www.cs.tcd.ie/open-prolog/
> http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~pjr/HomePages/QuPrologHome.html
> http://www.dobrev.com/
> https://github.com/Peter-Gabel/ArityProlog32
> http://www.mercury.cs.mu.oz.au/index.html
> http://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog
> http://www.sju.edu/~jhodgson/wg17/
> http://wambook.sourceforge.net
> http://www.afm.sbu.ac.uk/logic-prog/
> http://computing.unn.ac.uk/staff/cgpb4/prologbook/book.html
> http://lernen.bildung.hessen.de/informatik/swiprolog/indexe.htm
> 
> Link should be HTTPS, avoid expensive and brittle redirect:
> 
> http://www.metalevel.at/prolog/faq/
> http://www.info.ucl.ac.be/people/PVR/aquarius.html
> http://sourceforge.net/projects/cs-prolog/
> http://ciao-lang.org
> http://ctp.di.fct.unl.pt/~amd/cxprolog/
> http://eclipseclp.org
> http://www.gprolog.org/
> http://www.jiprolog.com/
> http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html
> http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/poplog.info.html
> http://www.swi-prolog.org
> http://tau-prolog.org/
> http://www.visual-prolog.com
> http://xgp.sourceforge.net/
> http://alsprolog.com
> http://www.amzi.com
> http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
> http://www.cosytec.com
> http://eclipseclp.org
> http://www.gprolog.org/
> http://www.lpa.co.uk/
> http://quintus.sics.se
> http://www.sics.se/sicstus
> http://www.sics.se/isl/sicstuswww/site/community.html
> http://www.visual-prolog.com/
> http://mozart.github.io/
> http://logtalk.org/
> http://www.iso.org
> http://www.deransart.fr//prolog/docs.html
> http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/doc/standard/ 
> 
> http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/iso-prolog/
> http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/prolog/index.html
> http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/0.html
> http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/prolog
> http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/lpnet/lpnet.html
> http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/pillow/
> http://www.amzi.com/AdventureInProlog/advfrtop.htm
> http://kti.ms.mff.cuni.cz/~bartak/prolog/index.html
> http://eclipse.ime.usp.br/projetos/grad/plugin-prolog/index.html
> http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/gupu/
> 
> Disclaimer, migration to HTTPS is not possible
> for all links, if the server does not yet support
> HTTPS. It is recommended that all pointed to servers
> 
> migrate to HTTPS, if they didn't do yet. Also some
> of the servers didn't have automatic HTTP to HTTPS
> promotion enabled, which causes also problems.
> 
> Example error in modern browsers, take this link:
> 
> http://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog
> 
> Chrome shows me this error:
> 
> ExpertSystemsInProlog/:1 Mixed Content: The page at 
> 'https://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog/' was loaded over HTTPS, but 
> requested an insecure script 
> 'http://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box&lang=en'. This 
> request has been blocked;
> the content must be served over HTTPS.
> 
> So the embedded image doesn't show. This is
> a case of a server that has HTTPS, but the pages
> were not updated to HTTPS. for example the image links
> in it were not updated. Or the server does not have
> automatic HTTP to HTTPS promotion enabled.
> 
> Again not so much a problem of the FAQ, but
> of the pointed to server. But if the FAQ would
> have https everywhere it would be clearer what
> the modern policy is on the web.
> 
> Markus Triska schrieb:
>>                   Frequently Asked Questions - comp.lang.prolog
>>
>>     Last-modified: 2022-02-24
>>     Last-changes: Update link to tutorial by J.R. Fisher. Geoffrey 
>> Churchill.
>>
>> Markus Triska (Mar. 2 2007 - ... )
>>
>> Remko Troncon (Jan. 6 2002 - Mar. 2 2007)
>>
>> Dirk-Jan Faber (Feb. 1 1999 - Jan. 6 2002)
>>
>> Jamie Andrews (Aug 26 1992 - Oct. 16 1997)
>>       __________________________________________________________________
>>
>>       General Information: This article contains the answers to some
>>       Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) often seen in
>>       news://comp.lang.prolog/. It is posted (twice a month, currently on
>>       the 2nd and 16th) to help reduce volume in this newsgroup and to
>>       provide hard-to-find information of general interest.
>>
>>       The World Wide Web URL for this FAQ is:
>>       http://www.logic.at/prolog/faq/
>>
>>       Please send questions about the FAQ and updates to
>>       <triska@logic.at>.
>>
>>     1. What is the Association for Logic Programming?
>>
>>     To keep up with the current state of logic programming technology,
>>     readers can join the Association for Logic Programming (ALP) and
>>     receive their Newsletter. For details on how to join or send in
>>     contributions, check http://www.cs.nmsu.edu/ALP/ or contact
>>
>>     Sandro Etalle <etalle@cs.utwente.nl>
>>
>>     The Prolog Resource Guide (v0.6) was printed in issue 5/1 of the
>>     Newsletter (Feb. 1992). This lists information concerning Prolog
>>     Archives, Books, Suppliers, etc. It is now maintained by Mark
>>     Kantrowitz (<Mark.Kantrowitz@glinda.oz.cs.cmu.edu>), and used to be
>>     posted periodically to news://comp.lang.prolog.
>>
>>     2. Where can I get a free Prolog for system X (PC, Mac, Unix or 
>> other)?
>>
>>     The following are anonymous-FTP sites for free Prologs (or related
>>     languages) which are either in the public domain or are "copy-lefted"
>>     (permitted to be copied with some restrictions on commercial use).
>>
>>     (Please note that for extensive development work, users will probably
>>     want a robust interpreter or compiler with good debugging facilities
>>     and a standard syntax, among other things. While public-domain 
>> systems
>>     are a valuable service to the community, they do not necessarily have
>>     all these things, and users should weigh carefully what they want 
>> to do
>>     against the capabilities and costs of the available systems.)
>>
>>     ALF (Algebraic Logic Functional language)
>>
>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>            + Available: Unknown
>>            + E-mail: Rudolf Opalla
>>              <opalla@julien.informatik.uni-dortmund.de>
>>            + Info: WAM-based language with narrowing/rewriting
>>
>>     Amzi! Prolog + Logic Server
>>
>>            + Platforms: Window, Linux and Solaris
>>            + Available: http://www.amzi.com/download/
>>            + E-mail: <info@amzi.com>
>>            + Info: Registration is compulsory, except for the Free
>>              Academic/Personal/Evaluation License.
>>
>>     Aquarius Prolog 1.0
>>
>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>            + Available: 
>> http://www.info.ucl.ac.be/people/PVR/aquarius.html
>>            + Info: High performance, commercial functionality except
>>              debugging and modules.
>>
>>     Argo Prolog v.1.1
>>
>>            + Platforms: Solaris 1.x and HP-UX 9.x
>>            + Available: Unknown
>>            + Contact: Takao Doi <doi@csk.co.jp>
>>
>>     Arity/Prolog32
>>
>>            + Platforms: Win32
>>            + Available: https://github.com/Peter-Gabel/ArityProlog32
>>            + Info: Arity/Prolog32 provides a complete Prolog programming
>>              environment in which you can write, debug, and run Prolog
>>              programs in 32-bit Windows environments (95/98/NT/2000).
>>              Arity/Prolog32 is a powerful, highly optimized, and extended
>>              version of the logic programming language Prolog.
>>              Arity/Prolog32 is a complete compiler and interpreter 
>> written
>>              in Prolog, C, and Assembly language and is a superset of
>>              Clocksin and Mellish Prolog.
>>
>>     B-Prolog 8.1
>>
>>            + Platforms: Win32, Solaris, SunOS, UNIX, FreeBSD and Linux
>>            + Available: http://www.probp.com/
>>            + E-mail: Neng-Fa Zhou <support@probp.com>
>>            + Info: Free of charge for individual users.
>>
>>     BinProlog 7.0
>>
>>            + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT, Linux and all major Unix
>>              platforms.
>>            + Available: https://code.google.com/archive/p/binprolog/
>>            + Info: Download free evaluation copies and see online demos.
>>              Inexpensive Educational licensing available.Has built-in
>>              networking, multi-threading, mobile code and distributed
>>              blackboards. Supports BinNet Internet Programming Tool kit.
>>
>>     Brain Aid Prolog (BAP) v1.4
>>
>>            + Platforms: Transputer systems
>>            + Info: BAP is a parallel prolog system for Transputer 
>> systems.
>>              Available under a Berkely style of copyright.
>>
>>     C#Prolog
>>
>>            + Platforms: Win32, UNIX
>>            + Available: http://sourceforge.net/projects/cs-prolog/
>>            + E-mail: John Pool <j.pool@ision.nl>
>>            + Info: A Prolog interpreter written in C#. Can easily be
>>              integrated in C# programs. Characteristics: reliable and 
>> quite
>>              fast beta version, command line interface, builtin DCG,
>>              XML-predicates, persistent predicates (using Firebird 
>> RDBMS),
>>              extendible.
>>
>>     Ciao 1.4
>>
>>            + Platforms: Linux, Win32 (95/98/NT), Solaris, SunOS, UNIX in
>>              general.
>>            + Available: http://ciao-lang.org
>>            + E-mail: Developers <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>, Users
>>              <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>            + Info: Next generation LP/CLP system. Commercial 
>> functionality,
>>              but freely available w/source. ISO-Prolog + modules,
>>              networking, multi-threading, clp(r), clp(q), interfaces 
>> (Java,
>>              C, tcltk, WWW, databases/ODBC, ...), functions, 
>> higher-order,
>>              records, persistence, objects, assertions (types, modes, 
>> ...),
>>              source debugger, auto-documenter, static debugger, and more.
>>
>>     clp(FD)
>>
>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>            + Contact: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>
>>            + Info: Constraint logic programming over finite domains.
>>              Requires GNU C v.2.4.5 or higher.
>>
>>     clp(FD,S)
>>
>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>            + Contact: Yan Georget <Yan.Georget@inria.fr>
>>            + Info: Requires GNU C (gcc) version 2.4.5. or higher.
>>
>>     CLP(R)
>>
>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>            + Available: E-mail request from Joxan Jaffar
>>              <joxan@watson.ibm.com>.
>>            + Info: Constraint logic programming language, for academic 
>> and
>>              research purposes only.
>>
>>     CxProlog
>>
>>            + Platforms: UNIX, MacOS X, Windows
>>            + Available: http://ctp.di.fct.unl.pt/~amd/cxprolog/
>>            + Info: Open source (GPL) implementation supporting Unicode,
>>              threads, sockets, processes, contexts, imperative data
>>              structures, and interfaces with C/C++, Java, and wxWidgets
>>            + Contact: Artur Miguel Dias <amd@fct.unl.pt>
>>
>>     ECLiPSe Constraint Logic Programming System, subsuming Prolog.
>>
>>            + Platforms: Solaris, Linux, Linux/Alpha, Mac OS X, Windows
>>            + Available: http://eclipseclp.org or
>>              http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/eclipse-clp
>>            + Info: ECLiPSe is a Prolog and Constraint Programming 
>> platform
>>              with a long history and has been open-source since Sept 
>> 2006.
>>            + License: MPL
>>
>>     IF Prolog V5.3
>>
>>            + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP, Linux, Solaris, AIX,
>>              HP-UX and other UNIX platforms
>>            + Available: http://www.ifcomputer.de/Products/Prolog/
>>            + E-mail: <info@ifcomputer.de>
>>            + Info: IF Prolog is a commercial Prolog system with 
>> interfaces
>>              to C/C++, Java, sockets, Windows events and a COM servers. A
>>              graphical debugger allows step-forward, step backward
>>              debugging of Prolog code. A static module concept allows 
>> many
>>              additional errors to be detected at compile time. Constraint
>>              Programming (for finite domains, intervals and booleans 
>> using
>>              global constraints and linear optimisation).
>>            + License: Free evaluation copies and inexpensive educational
>>              licensing available.
>>
>>     GNU Prolog
>>
>>            + Platforms: Many Unixes, Windows, MacOS X
>>            + Available: http://www.gprolog.org/
>>            + E-mail: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>
>>
>>     Jinni 2.27
>>
>>            + Platforms: Java-based
>>            + Available: https://github.com/heathmanb/JinniProlog
>>            + Info: Multi-threaded, Java based Prolog interpreter with
>>              built-in networking, distributed blackboards and mobile code
>>              (inexpensive shareware licensing available).
>>
>>     JIProlog
>>
>>            + Platforms: Java-based
>>            + Available: http://www.jiprolog.com/
>>            + Info: Java Internet Prolog is a cross-platform pure Java 
>> 100%
>>              prolog interpreter that supplies Java world with the 
>> power of
>>              prolog language and provides prolog language with a 
>> technology
>>              to implement new predicates in Java.
>>
>>     KLIC
>>
>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>            + Info: ICOT Free Software. Concurrent logic programming. 
>> Tested
>>              on Sparcs, DEC 7000, Gateway P5-60.
>>            + Contact: <ifs@icot.or.jp>
>>
>>     LPA Win-Prolog, demo version
>>
>>            + Platforms: Windows
>>            + Available: Available from http://www.lpa.co.uk/ind_dow.htm
>>
>>     MINERVA
>>
>>            + Platforms: Java
>>            + Info: Proprietary commercial ISO-Prolog Compiler in 100% 
>> Java
>>              support for web programming, XML, servlets, applets,
>>              standalones. Free evaluation license.
>>
>>     Modular SB-Prolog (= SB-Prolog version 3.1 plus modules)
>>
>>            + Platforms: SPARC, DECstation, MIPS, HP 9000 series, Sun 3.
>>            + Info: Copy-lefted.
>>
>>     Open Prolog
>>
>>            + Platforms: Apple Macintosh
>>            + Available: http://www.cs.tcd.ie/open-prolog/
>>            + E-mail: <brady@cs.tcd.ie>. (Michael Brady).
>>
>>     Poplog Prolog
>>
>>            + Platforms: Various Unixes, including Sun, Dec Alpha, HP and
>>              many others. Also a Win32 version is available. Sources
>>              available for other combinations.
>>            + Available: At the Free Poplog Web/FTP site, including full
>>              sources
>>              http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html
>>            + E-mail: queries may be posted to news://comp.lang.pop/, 
>> or to
>>              <pop-forum@cs.bham.ac.uk> or <A.Sloman@cs.bham.ac.uk> (Last
>>              resort!)
>>            + Info: Robust incremental compiler, part of the 
>> multi-language
>>              Poplog system (including Common Lisp, Pop-11 and Standard 
>> ML).
>>              Unix, Linux & VMS versions include full support for X window
>>              facilities/Motif. More information at
>>              http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/poplog.info.html
>>              Licence modelled on XFree86. Can be freely distributed, 
>> though
>>              copyright is owned by Sussex University and ISL.
>>
>>     PIE2
>>
>>            + Platforms: Unknown
>>            + Available: On CompuServe in the AIEXPERT forum, interpreter
>>              and examples in PIE2.ZIP, documentation in PIEDOC.ZIP.
>>            + E-mail: Brent Ruggles <ruggles@shell.com>
>>
>>     QuProlog
>>
>>            + Platforms: UNIX, Linux, beta for MAC
>>            + Available:
>>              http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~pjr/HomePages/QuPrologHome.html
>>            + E-mail: <pjr@itee.uq.edu.au>
>>            + Info: Extended WAM with support for quantifiers and
>>              substitutions, multi-threaded, high-level communication.
>>
>>     Scryer Prolog
>>
>>            + Platforms: Unix, Linux, Windows and Mac
>>            + Available: https://github.com/mthom/scryer-prolog
>>            + Info: A modern Prolog system written mostly in Rust.
>>
>>     Strawberry Prolog
>>
>>            + Platforms: Windows 95/NT, plans for UNIX and Macintosh
>>            + Available: http://www.dobrev.com/
>>            + E-mail: <dimiter@dobrev.com>
>>
>>     SWI Prolog
>>
>>            + Platforms: Binaries for Linux, Windows (NT/2000/XP/Vista) 
>> and
>>              Mac OS X (darwin). Sources: ANSI-C, both 32 and 64-bit
>>              machines, compiles on almost all Unix systems and more.
>>            + Available: http://www.swi-prolog.org
>>            + Info: Complete, ISO and Edinburgh standard, common
>>              optimizations, GC including atoms. Portable graphics, 
>> multiple
>>              threads, constraints, comprehensive libraries for (semantic)
>>              web programming, Unicode, source-level debugger, advanced
>>              syntax colouring
>>            + License: Simplified BSD. Run license/0 for more information.
>>
>>     Tau Prolog
>>
>>            + Platforms: Web-based
>>            + Available: http://tau-prolog.org/
>>            + Info: An open source Prolog interpreter in JavaScript.
>>
>>     Trinc-Prolog
>>
>>            + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT 4.0, plans for Windows 2000, 
>> Linux
>>              and Sun Solaris
>>            + E-mail: <info@trinc-prolog.com>
>>
>>     Visual Prolog
>>
>>            + Platforms: Win32
>>            + Available: http://www.visual-prolog.com
>>            + Info: Includes all the facilities necessary to write mission
>>              critical commercial-grade applications. Fully visual
>>              development environment. Open architecture. Object-oriented.
>>              Built-in database system and ODBC support. Visual Prolog
>>              Personal Edition is available on a freeware license.
>>
>>     wamcc
>>
>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>            + Info: Compiler which translates Prolog to C via WAM.
>>              Debuggers. Requires GNU C v.2.4.5 or higher.
>>            + Contact: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>
>>
>>     XGP
>>
>>            + Platforms: Apple Macintosh OS X, 10.2.3+
>>            + Available: http://xgp.sourceforge.net/
>>            + Info: XGP is an open source (GPL) integrated development
>>              environment with user interface and graphics support 
>> based on
>>              gprolog and Cocoa under Macintosh OS X.
>>
>>     XSB
>>
>>            + Platforms: Many, including SunOS, Linux and Windows
>>            + Available: http://xsb.sourceforge.net/
>>            + E-mail: <xsb-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
>>            + Info: system with SLG-resolution, HiLog syntax, and
>>              unification factoring.
>>
>>     Yap
>>
>>            + Platforms: UNIX-based platforms and Windows
>>            + Available: https://github.com/vscosta/yap-6.3
>>            + E-mail: Vitor Santos Costa <vsc@ncc.up.pt>
>>            + Info: Yap is entirely written in C and Prolog and should be
>>              portable to most 32-bit and 64-bit Unix based platforms. A
>>              Windows port is also available. Yap4.2 is distributed under
>>              Perl's artistic license and can be freely distributed.
>>
>>     3. What commercial systems are available? What about systems 
>> available
>>     for a price from research institutions?
>>
>>     Many commercial systems are listed in the Prolog Resource Guide. The
>>     Resource Guide also lists many systems which are not exactly
>>     "commercial", but available for a price from research 
>> institutions. The
>>     list of such systems was originally compiled by Chris Moss, of 
>> Imperial
>>     College. The rest of the Resource Guide was originally compiled by 
>> Dag
>>     Wahlberg, of Uppsala University.
>>
>>     The Prolog Resource Guide hasn't been updated lately, but 
>> nevertheless
>>     still contains some valuable information. It can be found at
>>     http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/faqs/lang/prolog/prg/top.html.
>>
>>     4. How do I get in touch with my Prolog's users' group, sales
>>     representative, or technical support line?
>>
>>     Here are some e-mail addresses of these contacts, listed 
>> alphabetically
>>     by company or major product name.
>>
>>     ALS (Applied Logic Systems)
>>
>>            + Web site: http://alsprolog.com
>>
>>     Amzi! inc.
>>
>>            + Web site: http://www.amzi.com
>>            + Information: <info@amzi.com>
>>            + Sales: <sales@amzi.com>
>>            + Support: <support@amzi.com>
>>
>>     Arity/Prolog32
>>
>>            + Web site: https://github.com/Peter-Gabel/ArityProlog32
>>
>>     Ciao, PiLLoW, WebDB, etc.
>>
>>            + Web site: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
>>            + Users' group: <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>            + Information: <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>            + Tech support: <ciao-bugs@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>
>>     COSYTEC (CHIP V5)
>>
>>            + Web site: http://www.cosytec.com
>>            + Information: <info@cosytec.com> (or .fr)
>>            + Tech Support: <support@cosytec.com> (or .fr)
>>
>>     ECLiPSe
>>
>>            + Web site: http://eclipseclp.org
>>            + Users' group: <eclipse-clp-users@lists.sf.net>
>>            + Tech support: <http://eclipseclp.org/bugs.html>
>>            + Support contracts: <info@coninfer.com>
>>
>>     Expert Systems Ltd. (Prolog-2)
>>
>>            + Sales: <sales@expert.demon.co.uk>
>>            + Support: <support@expert.demon.co.uk>
>>            + Users' group: <prolog2-request@hplb.hpl.hp.com>
>>
>>     GNU Prolog
>>
>>            + Web site: http://www.gprolog.org/
>>            + Users' group: <users-prolog-request@gnu.org>
>>            + Bug reports: <bug-prolog@gnu.org>
>>
>>     LPA
>>
>>            + Web site: http://www.lpa.co.uk/
>>            + Sales: <sales@lpa.co.uk>
>>            + Tech support: <support@lpa.co.uk>
>>
>>     MasterProLog
>>
>>            + Formerly BIM ProLog
>>
>>     PDC Prolog
>>
>>            + PDC Prolog is the succesor to Turbo Prolog and the 
>> predecessor
>>              to Visual Prolog.
>>
>>     ProLog by BIM
>>
>>            + Currently MasterProLog
>>
>>     Quintus
>>
>>            + Web site: http://quintus.sics.se
>>            + Mailing list: see
>>              http://www.sics.se/isl/quintuswww/site/community.html
>>            + Sales: <qpsales@sics.se>
>>            + Tech support: <qpsupport@sics.se>
>>
>>     SICStus
>>
>>            + Web page: http://www.sics.se/sicstus
>>            + Mailing list: see
>>              http://www.sics.se/isl/sicstuswww/site/community.html
>>            + Sales: <sicstus-request@sics.se>
>>            + Tech support: <sicstus-support@sics.se>
>>
>>     Trinc / Trinc-Prolog
>>
>>            + Information: <info@trinc-prolog.com>
>>            + Sales: <sales@trinc-prolog.com>
>>            + Support: <support@trinc-prolog.com>
>>
>>     Turbo Prolog
>>
>>            + Turbo Prolog is the predecessor of PDC Prolog (see above).
>>
>>     Visual Prolog
>>
>>            + Web site: http://www.visual-prolog.com/
>>            + Information: <sales@pdc.dk> (or <sales@visual-prolog.com>)
>>            + Sales: <sales@pdc.dk> (or <sales@visual-prolog.com>)
>>            + Tech support: <support@pdc.dk> (or
>>              <support@visual-prolog.com>)
>>
>>     5. I think language X is better than Prolog. What do you think?
>>
>>     These debates rarely result in any productive discussion. To some
>>     extent, one's favourite language is based on irrational ideology.
>>
>>     However, many people now agree that different languages are good for
>>     different things. Prolog seems to be good for problems in which logic
>>     is intimately involved, or whose solutions have a succinct logical
>>     characterization. Like other interactive, symbolic languages, 
>> Prolog is
>>     also good for rapid prototyping.
>>
>>     Also, note that there are many different "Prologs" and other logic
>>     programming languages available, all with different capabilities.
>>
>>     6. What are the recent developments?
>>
>>     There are some languages in development which do not have Prolog
>>     syntax, but do subsume and generalize Prolog's logic programming
>>     abilities.
>>
>>     Mercury
>>
>>            + Web site: http://www.mercury.cs.mu.oz.au/index.html
>>
>>     The Mozart Consortium:
>>
>>            + Web site: http://mozart.github.io/
>>            + Mailing lists: <http://mozart.github.io/mailing-lists/>
>>
>>     Some other languages bring new developments while also supporting
>>     Prolog syntax and functionality as an option:
>>
>>     Ciao
>>
>>            + Web site: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
>>            + Users' group: <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>            + Information: <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>            + Tech support: <ciao-bugs@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>
>>     Logtalk
>>
>>            + Web site: http://logtalk.org/
>>            + E-mail: Paulo Moura <pmoura@logtalk.org>
>>            + Info: Open source object-oriented extension to Prolog
>>              compatible with most Prolog compilers.
>>
>>     7. My Prolog prof assigned me this problem. Can you help me with it?
>>
>>     If your instructor assigned it to you, he or she probably wanted 
>> you to
>>     do it yourself. If it's an introductory Prolog course, your question
>>     might be elementary to most readers, so it might be a waste of 
>> network
>>     resources to ask it. Please ask your instructor, a friend, a teaching
>>     assistant, or a local newsgroup for help first.
>>
>>     That being said, there are news://comp.lang.prolog/ readers who would
>>     be glad to help people making a legitimate attempt to learn Prolog.
>>
>>     8. Can you suggest some books on Prolog?
>>
>>     The Prolog Resource Guide (see above) contains a listing of Prolog
>>     books. It is maintained by Mark Kantrowitz
>>     (<Mark.Kantrowitz@glinda.oz.cs.cmu.edu>), and posted periodically on
>>     news://comp.lang.prolog.
>>
>>     Here are some of the most popular books on Prolog.
>>
>>     Introductory
>>
>>            + "Programming In Prolog". William F. Clocksin and Christopher
>>              S. Mellish. Springer-Verlag, 2003 (5th ed).
>>            + "Prolog for Programmers". Feliks Kluzniak and Stanislaw
>>              Szpakowicz. Academic Press, London, 1985, now available
>>              without charge from
>>              https://sites.google.com/site/prologforprogrammers/
>>            + "Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence". Ivan 
>> Bratko.
>>              Addison-Wesley, 2001 (3rd ed).
>>
>>     Advanced
>>
>>            + "The Art of Prolog: Advanced Programming Techniques". Leon
>>              Sterling and Ehud Shapiro. MIT Press, 1994 (2nd ed).
>>            + "The Craft of Prolog". Richard A. O'Keefe. MIT Press, 1990.
>>
>>     Logic programming theory
>>
>>            + "Foundations of Logic Programming". John Lloyd.
>>              Springer-Verlag, 1988 (2nd ed).
>>            + "Logic, Programming and Prolog". Ulf Nilsson and Jan
>>              Maluszynski. Originally published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
>>              (2nd ed. 1995) and now available without charge from
>>              http://www.ida.liu.se/~ulfni/lpp
>>
>>     Expert Systems
>>
>>            + "Building Expert Systems in Prolog". Dennis Merritt.
>>              Springer-Verlag, 1989. HTML & PDF versions available from
>>              http://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog
>>
>>     9. Are there any WWW archives of comp.lang.prolog ?
>>
>>     Yes, there are: Google Groups has archives of 
>> news://comp.lang.prolog/.
>>     They can be found at
>>     https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/comp.lang.prolog
>>
>>     10. How can I get the ISO Prolog standard? Where can I go for more
>>     information about it?
>>
>>     You can obtain the approved international standards from your 
>> national
>>     member body or directly from ISO (http://www.iso.org).
>>
>>     The working group on Prolog standardisation is ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG17
>>     (http://www.sju.edu/~jhodgson/wg17/).
>>
>>     Contacts:
>>
>>            + Convenor of WG17: Ulrich Neumerkel
>>              (<ulrich@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>)
>>
>>     Further literature: "Prolog: The Standard (Reference manual)", P.
>>     Deransart, A. Ed-Dbali, L. Cervoni, Springer Verlag (1996). Extra
>>     information can be found on
>>     http://pauillac.inria.fr/~deransar/prolog/docs.html
>>
>>     
>> http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/pr
>>     olog/doc/standard/ contains the December 1991 draft, the March 1993
>>     draft, Michael Covington's summary of it, and Richard O'Keefe's 1984
>>     Prolog standard draft.
>>
>>     http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/iso-prolog/ ISO Prolog works
>>     and related material by the convenor of WG17.
>>
>>     For questions about the standard, use this newsgroup or 
>> Stackoverflow.
>>
>>     11. How does the WAM (Warren Abstract Machine) work? How do I write a
>>     WAM-based compiler or a WAM emulator?
>>
>>     Reportedly the best tutorial is Hassan Ait-Kaci's book "Warren's
>>     Abstract Machine: A Tutorial Reconstruction" (MIT Press, 1991). The
>>     book is out of print, and available online at
>>     http://wambook.sourceforge.net.
>>
>>     12. Is there a WWW page on logic programming?
>>
>>     Yes, there is one by Jonathan Bowen; the URL is
>>     http://www.afm.sbu.ac.uk/logic-prog/. He invites us to mail him at
>>     <jonathan.bowen@sbu.ac.uk> with any relevant information for 
>> inclusion.
>>
>>     A collection of artifacts from logic programming languages beginning
>>     with Marseille Prolog is available from
>>     http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/prolog/index.html
>>
>>     A large amount of Prolog code is available from the CMU AI 
>> Repository:
>>     
>> http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/0.htm
>>     l
>>
>>     Recently, Stackoverflow has become a valuable resource for Prolog
>>     questions and answers: 
>> http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/prolog
>>
>>     Another community resource is the #prolog IRC channel on
>>     irc.libera.chat.
>>
>>     13. Can I do Internet/WWW programming with Prolog?
>>
>>     Prolog is very suitable for this task. Several commercial and free
>>     implementations include special support for it. A page 
>> specifically on
>>     this topic (including some tutorials) is maintained at
>>     http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/lpnet/lpnet.html. A public-domain 
>> library
>>     exists (PiLLoW) for several popular Prolog systems which helps in the
>>     task. See: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/pillow/
>>
>>     14. Is there a WWW page with some tutorials on Prolog?
>>
>>     Beginner level:
>>
>>            + Adventure in Prolog:
>>              http://www.amzi.com/AdventureInProlog/advfrtop.htm
>>            + On-line guide to Prolog Programming:
>>              http://kti.ms.mff.cuni.cz/~bartak/prolog/index.html
>>            + Prolog Programming, A First Course:
>>              http://computing.unn.ac.uk/staff/cgpb4/prologbook/book.html
>>            + Learn Prolog Now!: http://www.learnprolognow.org
>>
>>     Intermediate to advanced level:
>>
>>            + https://skolemmachines.org/ThePrologTutorial/
>>
>>     15. How do I edit Prolog code?
>>
>>     Emacs and VIM ship with basic support for Prolog. A much improved 
>> Emacs
>>     mode is maintained by Stefan Bruda and available from
>>     https://bruda.ca/emacs/prolog_mode_for_emacs
>>
>>     Logtalk ships with various editing services for many common editors,
>>     also usable for Prolog.
>>
>>     SWI Prolog has a built-in Emacs clone called PceEmacs. There are also
>>     Emacs definitions that let you evaluate embedded queries:
>>     https://www.metalevel.at/ediprolog/. An SWI Prolog programming
>>     environment suitable for schools is available from
>>     http://lernen.bildung.hessen.de/informatik/swiprolog/indexe.htm
>>
>>     A Prolog plug-in for the "Eclipse"-IDE is available from:
>>     http://eclipse.ime.usp.br/projetos/grad/plugin-prolog/index.html
>>
>>     A sophisticated integrated editing and teaching environment with
>>     declarative debugging, termination analysis and many 
>> visualisations is
>>     available from http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/gupu/
>>
>>     16. How do I publish Prolog code?
>>
>>     Logtalk ships with support for various syntax highlighters, also 
>> usable
>>     for Prolog. These include support for Pygments (used e.g. on Trac and
>>     GitHub), Rouge (use e.g. in GitLab), GeSHi (used e.g. on Wikis), 
>> minted
>>     and texments LaTeX packages (e.g. source code listings), Google Code
>>     Prettify, Source-highlight, Highlight, SyntaxHighlighter, and SHJS
>>     (JavaScript highlighter for e.g. web pages).
>>
>> Acknowledgements
>>
>>     Thank you to all the people who helped put together the first version
>>     of this FAQ, and everyone who has contributed to it over the years.
>>     Special thanks to John Dowding for suggesting a good format for the
>>     list, and to Chris Moss, Dag Wahlberg, and Mark Kantrowitz for their
>>     work on the Prolog Resource Guide.
>>
>>     Special thanks to Jamie Andrews, Dirk-Jan Faber and Remko Troncon, 
>> who
>>     have been maintaining and posting the FAQ in the past.
>>
>

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#14195 — Re: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions)

FromMild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm>
Date2024-09-20 10:42 +0200
SubjectRe: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions)
Message-ID<vcjcgo$g1tk$2@solani.org>
In reply to#14194
Using a HTTPS link then further prevents that
the .tar download gets tampered , like
injecting a virus etc..

Mild Shock schrieb:
> Why should HTTP to HTTPS promotion be avoided, because
> theoretically a HTTP url can be more easily
> intercepted than a HTTPS url, so when I enter:
> 
> http://web.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~mukai/pac-1.9.8.tgz
> 
> It could be redirected to:
> 
> https://www.explosive.pager/
> 
> So its better to have directly HTTPS links everywhere.
> I guess this should also hold for packs. For example
> @kuniaki.mukai gave me this HTTP link, and the
> 
> SWI-Prolog package manager allowed to use it:
> 
>  > How about this, which was the only way for
>  > me to install the latest pac.
>  > ?- pack_install(pac, 
> [url('http://web.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~mukai/pac-1.9.8.tgz')]).
> 
> I was more expecting a HTTPS link.
> 
> Mild Shock schrieb:
>>
>> Link is broken, i.e. 404 error etc.:
>>
>> http://www.amzi.com/download/
>> http://www.probp.com/
>> http://www.ifcomputer.de/Products/Prolog/
>> http://www.lpa.co.uk/ind_dow.htm
>> http://www.cs.tcd.ie/open-prolog/
>> http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~pjr/HomePages/QuPrologHome.html
>> http://www.dobrev.com/
>> https://github.com/Peter-Gabel/ArityProlog32
>> http://www.mercury.cs.mu.oz.au/index.html
>> http://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog
>> http://www.sju.edu/~jhodgson/wg17/
>> http://wambook.sourceforge.net
>> http://www.afm.sbu.ac.uk/logic-prog/
>> http://computing.unn.ac.uk/staff/cgpb4/prologbook/book.html
>> http://lernen.bildung.hessen.de/informatik/swiprolog/indexe.htm
>>
>> Link should be HTTPS, avoid expensive and brittle redirect:
>>
>> http://www.metalevel.at/prolog/faq/
>> http://www.info.ucl.ac.be/people/PVR/aquarius.html
>> http://sourceforge.net/projects/cs-prolog/
>> http://ciao-lang.org
>> http://ctp.di.fct.unl.pt/~amd/cxprolog/
>> http://eclipseclp.org
>> http://www.gprolog.org/
>> http://www.jiprolog.com/
>> http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html
>> http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/poplog.info.html
>> http://www.swi-prolog.org
>> http://tau-prolog.org/
>> http://www.visual-prolog.com
>> http://xgp.sourceforge.net/
>> http://alsprolog.com
>> http://www.amzi.com
>> http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
>> http://www.cosytec.com
>> http://eclipseclp.org
>> http://www.gprolog.org/
>> http://www.lpa.co.uk/
>> http://quintus.sics.se
>> http://www.sics.se/sicstus
>> http://www.sics.se/isl/sicstuswww/site/community.html
>> http://www.visual-prolog.com/
>> http://mozart.github.io/
>> http://logtalk.org/
>> http://www.iso.org
>> http://www.deransart.fr//prolog/docs.html
>> http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/doc/standard/ 
>>
>> http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/iso-prolog/
>> http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/prolog/index.html
>> http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/0.html
>> http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/prolog
>> http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/lpnet/lpnet.html
>> http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/pillow/
>> http://www.amzi.com/AdventureInProlog/advfrtop.htm
>> http://kti.ms.mff.cuni.cz/~bartak/prolog/index.html
>> http://eclipse.ime.usp.br/projetos/grad/plugin-prolog/index.html
>> http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/gupu/
>>
>> Disclaimer, migration to HTTPS is not possible
>> for all links, if the server does not yet support
>> HTTPS. It is recommended that all pointed to servers
>>
>> migrate to HTTPS, if they didn't do yet. Also some
>> of the servers didn't have automatic HTTP to HTTPS
>> promotion enabled, which causes also problems.
>>
>> Example error in modern browsers, take this link:
>>
>> http://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog
>>
>> Chrome shows me this error:
>>
>> ExpertSystemsInProlog/:1 Mixed Content: The page at 
>> 'https://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog/' was loaded over HTTPS, 
>> but requested an insecure script 
>> 'http://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box&lang=en'. This 
>> request has been blocked;
>> the content must be served over HTTPS.
>>
>> So the embedded image doesn't show. This is
>> a case of a server that has HTTPS, but the pages
>> were not updated to HTTPS. for example the image links
>> in it were not updated. Or the server does not have
>> automatic HTTP to HTTPS promotion enabled.
>>
>> Again not so much a problem of the FAQ, but
>> of the pointed to server. But if the FAQ would
>> have https everywhere it would be clearer what
>> the modern policy is on the web.
>>
>> Markus Triska schrieb:
>>>                   Frequently Asked Questions - comp.lang.prolog
>>>
>>>     Last-modified: 2022-02-24
>>>     Last-changes: Update link to tutorial by J.R. Fisher. Geoffrey 
>>> Churchill.
>>>
>>> Markus Triska (Mar. 2 2007 - ... )
>>>
>>> Remko Troncon (Jan. 6 2002 - Mar. 2 2007)
>>>
>>> Dirk-Jan Faber (Feb. 1 1999 - Jan. 6 2002)
>>>
>>> Jamie Andrews (Aug 26 1992 - Oct. 16 1997)
>>>       __________________________________________________________________
>>>
>>>       General Information: This article contains the answers to some
>>>       Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) often seen in
>>>       news://comp.lang.prolog/. It is posted (twice a month, 
>>> currently on
>>>       the 2nd and 16th) to help reduce volume in this newsgroup and to
>>>       provide hard-to-find information of general interest.
>>>
>>>       The World Wide Web URL for this FAQ is:
>>>       http://www.logic.at/prolog/faq/
>>>
>>>       Please send questions about the FAQ and updates to
>>>       <triska@logic.at>.
>>>
>>>     1. What is the Association for Logic Programming?
>>>
>>>     To keep up with the current state of logic programming technology,
>>>     readers can join the Association for Logic Programming (ALP) and
>>>     receive their Newsletter. For details on how to join or send in
>>>     contributions, check http://www.cs.nmsu.edu/ALP/ or contact
>>>
>>>     Sandro Etalle <etalle@cs.utwente.nl>
>>>
>>>     The Prolog Resource Guide (v0.6) was printed in issue 5/1 of the
>>>     Newsletter (Feb. 1992). This lists information concerning Prolog
>>>     Archives, Books, Suppliers, etc. It is now maintained by Mark
>>>     Kantrowitz (<Mark.Kantrowitz@glinda.oz.cs.cmu.edu>), and used to be
>>>     posted periodically to news://comp.lang.prolog.
>>>
>>>     2. Where can I get a free Prolog for system X (PC, Mac, Unix or 
>>> other)?
>>>
>>>     The following are anonymous-FTP sites for free Prologs (or related
>>>     languages) which are either in the public domain or are 
>>> "copy-lefted"
>>>     (permitted to be copied with some restrictions on commercial use).
>>>
>>>     (Please note that for extensive development work, users will 
>>> probably
>>>     want a robust interpreter or compiler with good debugging facilities
>>>     and a standard syntax, among other things. While public-domain 
>>> systems
>>>     are a valuable service to the community, they do not necessarily 
>>> have
>>>     all these things, and users should weigh carefully what they want 
>>> to do
>>>     against the capabilities and costs of the available systems.)
>>>
>>>     ALF (Algebraic Logic Functional language)
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>>            + Available: Unknown
>>>            + E-mail: Rudolf Opalla
>>>              <opalla@julien.informatik.uni-dortmund.de>
>>>            + Info: WAM-based language with narrowing/rewriting
>>>
>>>     Amzi! Prolog + Logic Server
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Window, Linux and Solaris
>>>            + Available: http://www.amzi.com/download/
>>>            + E-mail: <info@amzi.com>
>>>            + Info: Registration is compulsory, except for the Free
>>>              Academic/Personal/Evaluation License.
>>>
>>>     Aquarius Prolog 1.0
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>>            + Available: 
>>> http://www.info.ucl.ac.be/people/PVR/aquarius.html
>>>            + Info: High performance, commercial functionality except
>>>              debugging and modules.
>>>
>>>     Argo Prolog v.1.1
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Solaris 1.x and HP-UX 9.x
>>>            + Available: Unknown
>>>            + Contact: Takao Doi <doi@csk.co.jp>
>>>
>>>     Arity/Prolog32
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Win32
>>>            + Available: https://github.com/Peter-Gabel/ArityProlog32
>>>            + Info: Arity/Prolog32 provides a complete Prolog programming
>>>              environment in which you can write, debug, and run Prolog
>>>              programs in 32-bit Windows environments (95/98/NT/2000).
>>>              Arity/Prolog32 is a powerful, highly optimized, and 
>>> extended
>>>              version of the logic programming language Prolog.
>>>              Arity/Prolog32 is a complete compiler and interpreter 
>>> written
>>>              in Prolog, C, and Assembly language and is a superset of
>>>              Clocksin and Mellish Prolog.
>>>
>>>     B-Prolog 8.1
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Win32, Solaris, SunOS, UNIX, FreeBSD and Linux
>>>            + Available: http://www.probp.com/
>>>            + E-mail: Neng-Fa Zhou <support@probp.com>
>>>            + Info: Free of charge for individual users.
>>>
>>>     BinProlog 7.0
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT, Linux and all major Unix
>>>              platforms.
>>>            + Available: https://code.google.com/archive/p/binprolog/
>>>            + Info: Download free evaluation copies and see online demos.
>>>              Inexpensive Educational licensing available.Has built-in
>>>              networking, multi-threading, mobile code and distributed
>>>              blackboards. Supports BinNet Internet Programming Tool kit.
>>>
>>>     Brain Aid Prolog (BAP) v1.4
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Transputer systems
>>>            + Info: BAP is a parallel prolog system for Transputer 
>>> systems.
>>>              Available under a Berkely style of copyright.
>>>
>>>     C#Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Win32, UNIX
>>>            + Available: http://sourceforge.net/projects/cs-prolog/
>>>            + E-mail: John Pool <j.pool@ision.nl>
>>>            + Info: A Prolog interpreter written in C#. Can easily be
>>>              integrated in C# programs. Characteristics: reliable and 
>>> quite
>>>              fast beta version, command line interface, builtin DCG,
>>>              XML-predicates, persistent predicates (using Firebird 
>>> RDBMS),
>>>              extendible.
>>>
>>>     Ciao 1.4
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Linux, Win32 (95/98/NT), Solaris, SunOS, UNIX in
>>>              general.
>>>            + Available: http://ciao-lang.org
>>>            + E-mail: Developers <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>, Users
>>>              <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>>            + Info: Next generation LP/CLP system. Commercial 
>>> functionality,
>>>              but freely available w/source. ISO-Prolog + modules,
>>>              networking, multi-threading, clp(r), clp(q), interfaces 
>>> (Java,
>>>              C, tcltk, WWW, databases/ODBC, ...), functions, 
>>> higher-order,
>>>              records, persistence, objects, assertions (types, modes, 
>>> ...),
>>>              source debugger, auto-documenter, static debugger, and 
>>> more.
>>>
>>>     clp(FD)
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>>            + Contact: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>
>>>            + Info: Constraint logic programming over finite domains.
>>>              Requires GNU C v.2.4.5 or higher.
>>>
>>>     clp(FD,S)
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>>            + Contact: Yan Georget <Yan.Georget@inria.fr>
>>>            + Info: Requires GNU C (gcc) version 2.4.5. or higher.
>>>
>>>     CLP(R)
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>>            + Available: E-mail request from Joxan Jaffar
>>>              <joxan@watson.ibm.com>.
>>>            + Info: Constraint logic programming language, for 
>>> academic and
>>>              research purposes only.
>>>
>>>     CxProlog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: UNIX, MacOS X, Windows
>>>            + Available: http://ctp.di.fct.unl.pt/~amd/cxprolog/
>>>            + Info: Open source (GPL) implementation supporting Unicode,
>>>              threads, sockets, processes, contexts, imperative data
>>>              structures, and interfaces with C/C++, Java, and wxWidgets
>>>            + Contact: Artur Miguel Dias <amd@fct.unl.pt>
>>>
>>>     ECLiPSe Constraint Logic Programming System, subsuming Prolog.
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Solaris, Linux, Linux/Alpha, Mac OS X, Windows
>>>            + Available: http://eclipseclp.org or
>>>              http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/eclipse-clp
>>>            + Info: ECLiPSe is a Prolog and Constraint Programming 
>>> platform
>>>              with a long history and has been open-source since Sept 
>>> 2006.
>>>            + License: MPL
>>>
>>>     IF Prolog V5.3
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP, Linux, Solaris, AIX,
>>>              HP-UX and other UNIX platforms
>>>            + Available: http://www.ifcomputer.de/Products/Prolog/
>>>            + E-mail: <info@ifcomputer.de>
>>>            + Info: IF Prolog is a commercial Prolog system with 
>>> interfaces
>>>              to C/C++, Java, sockets, Windows events and a COM 
>>> servers. A
>>>              graphical debugger allows step-forward, step backward
>>>              debugging of Prolog code. A static module concept allows 
>>> many
>>>              additional errors to be detected at compile time. 
>>> Constraint
>>>              Programming (for finite domains, intervals and booleans 
>>> using
>>>              global constraints and linear optimisation).
>>>            + License: Free evaluation copies and inexpensive educational
>>>              licensing available.
>>>
>>>     GNU Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Many Unixes, Windows, MacOS X
>>>            + Available: http://www.gprolog.org/
>>>            + E-mail: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>
>>>
>>>     Jinni 2.27
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Java-based
>>>            + Available: https://github.com/heathmanb/JinniProlog
>>>            + Info: Multi-threaded, Java based Prolog interpreter with
>>>              built-in networking, distributed blackboards and mobile 
>>> code
>>>              (inexpensive shareware licensing available).
>>>
>>>     JIProlog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Java-based
>>>            + Available: http://www.jiprolog.com/
>>>            + Info: Java Internet Prolog is a cross-platform pure Java 
>>> 100%
>>>              prolog interpreter that supplies Java world with the 
>>> power of
>>>              prolog language and provides prolog language with a 
>>> technology
>>>              to implement new predicates in Java.
>>>
>>>     KLIC
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>>            + Info: ICOT Free Software. Concurrent logic programming. 
>>> Tested
>>>              on Sparcs, DEC 7000, Gateway P5-60.
>>>            + Contact: <ifs@icot.or.jp>
>>>
>>>     LPA Win-Prolog, demo version
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Windows
>>>            + Available: Available from http://www.lpa.co.uk/ind_dow.htm
>>>
>>>     MINERVA
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Java
>>>            + Info: Proprietary commercial ISO-Prolog Compiler in 100% 
>>> Java
>>>              support for web programming, XML, servlets, applets,
>>>              standalones. Free evaluation license.
>>>
>>>     Modular SB-Prolog (= SB-Prolog version 3.1 plus modules)
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: SPARC, DECstation, MIPS, HP 9000 series, Sun 3.
>>>            + Info: Copy-lefted.
>>>
>>>     Open Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Apple Macintosh
>>>            + Available: http://www.cs.tcd.ie/open-prolog/
>>>            + E-mail: <brady@cs.tcd.ie>. (Michael Brady).
>>>
>>>     Poplog Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Various Unixes, including Sun, Dec Alpha, HP and
>>>              many others. Also a Win32 version is available. Sources
>>>              available for other combinations.
>>>            + Available: At the Free Poplog Web/FTP site, including full
>>>              sources
>>>              http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/freepoplog.html
>>>            + E-mail: queries may be posted to news://comp.lang.pop/, 
>>> or to
>>>              <pop-forum@cs.bham.ac.uk> or <A.Sloman@cs.bham.ac.uk> (Last
>>>              resort!)
>>>            + Info: Robust incremental compiler, part of the 
>>> multi-language
>>>              Poplog system (including Common Lisp, Pop-11 and 
>>> Standard ML).
>>>              Unix, Linux & VMS versions include full support for X 
>>> window
>>>              facilities/Motif. More information at
>>>              http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/poplog/poplog.info.html
>>>              Licence modelled on XFree86. Can be freely distributed, 
>>> though
>>>              copyright is owned by Sussex University and ISL.
>>>
>>>     PIE2
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Unknown
>>>            + Available: On CompuServe in the AIEXPERT forum, interpreter
>>>              and examples in PIE2.ZIP, documentation in PIEDOC.ZIP.
>>>            + E-mail: Brent Ruggles <ruggles@shell.com>
>>>
>>>     QuProlog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: UNIX, Linux, beta for MAC
>>>            + Available:
>>>              http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~pjr/HomePages/QuPrologHome.html
>>>            + E-mail: <pjr@itee.uq.edu.au>
>>>            + Info: Extended WAM with support for quantifiers and
>>>              substitutions, multi-threaded, high-level communication.
>>>
>>>     Scryer Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Unix, Linux, Windows and Mac
>>>            + Available: https://github.com/mthom/scryer-prolog
>>>            + Info: A modern Prolog system written mostly in Rust.
>>>
>>>     Strawberry Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Windows 95/NT, plans for UNIX and Macintosh
>>>            + Available: http://www.dobrev.com/
>>>            + E-mail: <dimiter@dobrev.com>
>>>
>>>     SWI Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Binaries for Linux, Windows 
>>> (NT/2000/XP/Vista) and
>>>              Mac OS X (darwin). Sources: ANSI-C, both 32 and 64-bit
>>>              machines, compiles on almost all Unix systems and more.
>>>            + Available: http://www.swi-prolog.org
>>>            + Info: Complete, ISO and Edinburgh standard, common
>>>              optimizations, GC including atoms. Portable graphics, 
>>> multiple
>>>              threads, constraints, comprehensive libraries for 
>>> (semantic)
>>>              web programming, Unicode, source-level debugger, advanced
>>>              syntax colouring
>>>            + License: Simplified BSD. Run license/0 for more 
>>> information.
>>>
>>>     Tau Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Web-based
>>>            + Available: http://tau-prolog.org/
>>>            + Info: An open source Prolog interpreter in JavaScript.
>>>
>>>     Trinc-Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Windows 95/98/NT 4.0, plans for Windows 2000, 
>>> Linux
>>>              and Sun Solaris
>>>            + E-mail: <info@trinc-prolog.com>
>>>
>>>     Visual Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Win32
>>>            + Available: http://www.visual-prolog.com
>>>            + Info: Includes all the facilities necessary to write 
>>> mission
>>>              critical commercial-grade applications. Fully visual
>>>              development environment. Open architecture. 
>>> Object-oriented.
>>>              Built-in database system and ODBC support. Visual Prolog
>>>              Personal Edition is available on a freeware license.
>>>
>>>     wamcc
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: UNIX
>>>            + Info: Compiler which translates Prolog to C via WAM.
>>>              Debuggers. Requires GNU C v.2.4.5 or higher.
>>>            + Contact: Daniel Diaz <daniel.diaz@inria.fr>
>>>
>>>     XGP
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Apple Macintosh OS X, 10.2.3+
>>>            + Available: http://xgp.sourceforge.net/
>>>            + Info: XGP is an open source (GPL) integrated development
>>>              environment with user interface and graphics support 
>>> based on
>>>              gprolog and Cocoa under Macintosh OS X.
>>>
>>>     XSB
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: Many, including SunOS, Linux and Windows
>>>            + Available: http://xsb.sourceforge.net/
>>>            + E-mail: <xsb-users@lists.sourceforge.net>
>>>            + Info: system with SLG-resolution, HiLog syntax, and
>>>              unification factoring.
>>>
>>>     Yap
>>>
>>>            + Platforms: UNIX-based platforms and Windows
>>>            + Available: https://github.com/vscosta/yap-6.3
>>>            + E-mail: Vitor Santos Costa <vsc@ncc.up.pt>
>>>            + Info: Yap is entirely written in C and Prolog and should be
>>>              portable to most 32-bit and 64-bit Unix based platforms. A
>>>              Windows port is also available. Yap4.2 is distributed under
>>>              Perl's artistic license and can be freely distributed.
>>>
>>>     3. What commercial systems are available? What about systems 
>>> available
>>>     for a price from research institutions?
>>>
>>>     Many commercial systems are listed in the Prolog Resource Guide. The
>>>     Resource Guide also lists many systems which are not exactly
>>>     "commercial", but available for a price from research 
>>> institutions. The
>>>     list of such systems was originally compiled by Chris Moss, of 
>>> Imperial
>>>     College. The rest of the Resource Guide was originally compiled 
>>> by Dag
>>>     Wahlberg, of Uppsala University.
>>>
>>>     The Prolog Resource Guide hasn't been updated lately, but 
>>> nevertheless
>>>     still contains some valuable information. It can be found at
>>>     
>>> http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/html/faqs/lang/prolog/prg/top.html.
>>>
>>>     4. How do I get in touch with my Prolog's users' group, sales
>>>     representative, or technical support line?
>>>
>>>     Here are some e-mail addresses of these contacts, listed 
>>> alphabetically
>>>     by company or major product name.
>>>
>>>     ALS (Applied Logic Systems)
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://alsprolog.com
>>>
>>>     Amzi! inc.
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://www.amzi.com
>>>            + Information: <info@amzi.com>
>>>            + Sales: <sales@amzi.com>
>>>            + Support: <support@amzi.com>
>>>
>>>     Arity/Prolog32
>>>
>>>            + Web site: https://github.com/Peter-Gabel/ArityProlog32
>>>
>>>     Ciao, PiLLoW, WebDB, etc.
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
>>>            + Users' group: <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>>            + Information: <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>>            + Tech support: <ciao-bugs@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>>
>>>     COSYTEC (CHIP V5)
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://www.cosytec.com
>>>            + Information: <info@cosytec.com> (or .fr)
>>>            + Tech Support: <support@cosytec.com> (or .fr)
>>>
>>>     ECLiPSe
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://eclipseclp.org
>>>            + Users' group: <eclipse-clp-users@lists.sf.net>
>>>            + Tech support: <http://eclipseclp.org/bugs.html>
>>>            + Support contracts: <info@coninfer.com>
>>>
>>>     Expert Systems Ltd. (Prolog-2)
>>>
>>>            + Sales: <sales@expert.demon.co.uk>
>>>            + Support: <support@expert.demon.co.uk>
>>>            + Users' group: <prolog2-request@hplb.hpl.hp.com>
>>>
>>>     GNU Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://www.gprolog.org/
>>>            + Users' group: <users-prolog-request@gnu.org>
>>>            + Bug reports: <bug-prolog@gnu.org>
>>>
>>>     LPA
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://www.lpa.co.uk/
>>>            + Sales: <sales@lpa.co.uk>
>>>            + Tech support: <support@lpa.co.uk>
>>>
>>>     MasterProLog
>>>
>>>            + Formerly BIM ProLog
>>>
>>>     PDC Prolog
>>>
>>>            + PDC Prolog is the succesor to Turbo Prolog and the 
>>> predecessor
>>>              to Visual Prolog.
>>>
>>>     ProLog by BIM
>>>
>>>            + Currently MasterProLog
>>>
>>>     Quintus
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://quintus.sics.se
>>>            + Mailing list: see
>>>              http://www.sics.se/isl/quintuswww/site/community.html
>>>            + Sales: <qpsales@sics.se>
>>>            + Tech support: <qpsupport@sics.se>
>>>
>>>     SICStus
>>>
>>>            + Web page: http://www.sics.se/sicstus
>>>            + Mailing list: see
>>>              http://www.sics.se/isl/sicstuswww/site/community.html
>>>            + Sales: <sicstus-request@sics.se>
>>>            + Tech support: <sicstus-support@sics.se>
>>>
>>>     Trinc / Trinc-Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Information: <info@trinc-prolog.com>
>>>            + Sales: <sales@trinc-prolog.com>
>>>            + Support: <support@trinc-prolog.com>
>>>
>>>     Turbo Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Turbo Prolog is the predecessor of PDC Prolog (see above).
>>>
>>>     Visual Prolog
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://www.visual-prolog.com/
>>>            + Information: <sales@pdc.dk> (or <sales@visual-prolog.com>)
>>>            + Sales: <sales@pdc.dk> (or <sales@visual-prolog.com>)
>>>            + Tech support: <support@pdc.dk> (or
>>>              <support@visual-prolog.com>)
>>>
>>>     5. I think language X is better than Prolog. What do you think?
>>>
>>>     These debates rarely result in any productive discussion. To some
>>>     extent, one's favourite language is based on irrational ideology.
>>>
>>>     However, many people now agree that different languages are good for
>>>     different things. Prolog seems to be good for problems in which 
>>> logic
>>>     is intimately involved, or whose solutions have a succinct logical
>>>     characterization. Like other interactive, symbolic languages, 
>>> Prolog is
>>>     also good for rapid prototyping.
>>>
>>>     Also, note that there are many different "Prologs" and other logic
>>>     programming languages available, all with different capabilities.
>>>
>>>     6. What are the recent developments?
>>>
>>>     There are some languages in development which do not have Prolog
>>>     syntax, but do subsume and generalize Prolog's logic programming
>>>     abilities.
>>>
>>>     Mercury
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://www.mercury.cs.mu.oz.au/index.html
>>>
>>>     The Mozart Consortium:
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://mozart.github.io/
>>>            + Mailing lists: <http://mozart.github.io/mailing-lists/>
>>>
>>>     Some other languages bring new developments while also supporting
>>>     Prolog syntax and functionality as an option:
>>>
>>>     Ciao
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software
>>>            + Users' group: <ciao-users@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>>            + Information: <ciao@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>>            + Tech support: <ciao-bugs@clip.dia.fi.upm.es>
>>>
>>>     Logtalk
>>>
>>>            + Web site: http://logtalk.org/
>>>            + E-mail: Paulo Moura <pmoura@logtalk.org>
>>>            + Info: Open source object-oriented extension to Prolog
>>>              compatible with most Prolog compilers.
>>>
>>>     7. My Prolog prof assigned me this problem. Can you help me with it?
>>>
>>>     If your instructor assigned it to you, he or she probably wanted 
>>> you to
>>>     do it yourself. If it's an introductory Prolog course, your question
>>>     might be elementary to most readers, so it might be a waste of 
>>> network
>>>     resources to ask it. Please ask your instructor, a friend, a 
>>> teaching
>>>     assistant, or a local newsgroup for help first.
>>>
>>>     That being said, there are news://comp.lang.prolog/ readers who 
>>> would
>>>     be glad to help people making a legitimate attempt to learn Prolog.
>>>
>>>     8. Can you suggest some books on Prolog?
>>>
>>>     The Prolog Resource Guide (see above) contains a listing of Prolog
>>>     books. It is maintained by Mark Kantrowitz
>>>     (<Mark.Kantrowitz@glinda.oz.cs.cmu.edu>), and posted periodically on
>>>     news://comp.lang.prolog.
>>>
>>>     Here are some of the most popular books on Prolog.
>>>
>>>     Introductory
>>>
>>>            + "Programming In Prolog". William F. Clocksin and 
>>> Christopher
>>>              S. Mellish. Springer-Verlag, 2003 (5th ed).
>>>            + "Prolog for Programmers". Feliks Kluzniak and Stanislaw
>>>              Szpakowicz. Academic Press, London, 1985, now available
>>>              without charge from
>>>              https://sites.google.com/site/prologforprogrammers/
>>>            + "Prolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence". Ivan 
>>> Bratko.
>>>              Addison-Wesley, 2001 (3rd ed).
>>>
>>>     Advanced
>>>
>>>            + "The Art of Prolog: Advanced Programming Techniques". Leon
>>>              Sterling and Ehud Shapiro. MIT Press, 1994 (2nd ed).
>>>            + "The Craft of Prolog". Richard A. O'Keefe. MIT Press, 1990.
>>>
>>>     Logic programming theory
>>>
>>>            + "Foundations of Logic Programming". John Lloyd.
>>>              Springer-Verlag, 1988 (2nd ed).
>>>            + "Logic, Programming and Prolog". Ulf Nilsson and Jan
>>>              Maluszynski. Originally published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
>>>              (2nd ed. 1995) and now available without charge from
>>>              http://www.ida.liu.se/~ulfni/lpp
>>>
>>>     Expert Systems
>>>
>>>            + "Building Expert Systems in Prolog". Dennis Merritt.
>>>              Springer-Verlag, 1989. HTML & PDF versions available from
>>>              http://www.amzi.com/ExpertSystemsInProlog
>>>
>>>     9. Are there any WWW archives of comp.lang.prolog ?
>>>
>>>     Yes, there are: Google Groups has archives of 
>>> news://comp.lang.prolog/.
>>>     They can be found at
>>>     https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/comp.lang.prolog
>>>
>>>     10. How can I get the ISO Prolog standard? Where can I go for more
>>>     information about it?
>>>
>>>     You can obtain the approved international standards from your 
>>> national
>>>     member body or directly from ISO (http://www.iso.org).
>>>
>>>     The working group on Prolog standardisation is ISO/IEC 
>>> JTC1/SC22/WG17
>>>     (http://www.sju.edu/~jhodgson/wg17/).
>>>
>>>     Contacts:
>>>
>>>            + Convenor of WG17: Ulrich Neumerkel
>>>              (<ulrich@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>)
>>>
>>>     Further literature: "Prolog: The Standard (Reference manual)", P.
>>>     Deransart, A. Ed-Dbali, L. Cervoni, Springer Verlag (1996). Extra
>>>     information can be found on
>>>     http://pauillac.inria.fr/~deransar/prolog/docs.html
>>>
>>> http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/pr
>>>     olog/doc/standard/ contains the December 1991 draft, the March 1993
>>>     draft, Michael Covington's summary of it, and Richard O'Keefe's 1984
>>>     Prolog standard draft.
>>>
>>>     http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/iso-prolog/ ISO Prolog works
>>>     and related material by the convenor of WG17.
>>>
>>>     For questions about the standard, use this newsgroup or 
>>> Stackoverflow.
>>>
>>>     11. How does the WAM (Warren Abstract Machine) work? How do I 
>>> write a
>>>     WAM-based compiler or a WAM emulator?
>>>
>>>     Reportedly the best tutorial is Hassan Ait-Kaci's book "Warren's
>>>     Abstract Machine: A Tutorial Reconstruction" (MIT Press, 1991). The
>>>     book is out of print, and available online at
>>>     http://wambook.sourceforge.net.
>>>
>>>     12. Is there a WWW page on logic programming?
>>>
>>>     Yes, there is one by Jonathan Bowen; the URL is
>>>     http://www.afm.sbu.ac.uk/logic-prog/. He invites us to mail him at
>>>     <jonathan.bowen@sbu.ac.uk> with any relevant information for 
>>> inclusion.
>>>
>>>     A collection of artifacts from logic programming languages beginning
>>>     with Marseille Prolog is available from
>>>     http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/prolog/index.html
>>>
>>>     A large amount of Prolog code is available from the CMU AI 
>>> Repository:
>>> http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/0.htm
>>>     l
>>>
>>>     Recently, Stackoverflow has become a valuable resource for Prolog
>>>     questions and answers: 
>>> http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/prolog
>>>
>>>     Another community resource is the #prolog IRC channel on
>>>     irc.libera.chat.
>>>
>>>     13. Can I do Internet/WWW programming with Prolog?
>>>
>>>     Prolog is very suitable for this task. Several commercial and free
>>>     implementations include special support for it. A page 
>>> specifically on
>>>     this topic (including some tutorials) is maintained at
>>>     http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/lpnet/lpnet.html. A public-domain 
>>> library
>>>     exists (PiLLoW) for several popular Prolog systems which helps in 
>>> the
>>>     task. See: http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/pillow/
>>>
>>>     14. Is there a WWW page with some tutorials on Prolog?
>>>
>>>     Beginner level:
>>>
>>>            + Adventure in Prolog:
>>>              http://www.amzi.com/AdventureInProlog/advfrtop.htm
>>>            + On-line guide to Prolog Programming:
>>>              http://kti.ms.mff.cuni.cz/~bartak/prolog/index.html
>>>            + Prolog Programming, A First Course:
>>>              http://computing.unn.ac.uk/staff/cgpb4/prologbook/book.html
>>>            + Learn Prolog Now!: http://www.learnprolognow.org
>>>
>>>     Intermediate to advanced level:
>>>
>>>            + https://skolemmachines.org/ThePrologTutorial/
>>>
>>>     15. How do I edit Prolog code?
>>>
>>>     Emacs and VIM ship with basic support for Prolog. A much improved 
>>> Emacs
>>>     mode is maintained by Stefan Bruda and available from
>>>     https://bruda.ca/emacs/prolog_mode_for_emacs
>>>
>>>     Logtalk ships with various editing services for many common editors,
>>>     also usable for Prolog.
>>>
>>>     SWI Prolog has a built-in Emacs clone called PceEmacs. There are 
>>> also
>>>     Emacs definitions that let you evaluate embedded queries:
>>>     https://www.metalevel.at/ediprolog/. An SWI Prolog programming
>>>     environment suitable for schools is available from
>>>     http://lernen.bildung.hessen.de/informatik/swiprolog/indexe.htm
>>>
>>>     A Prolog plug-in for the "Eclipse"-IDE is available from:
>>>     http://eclipse.ime.usp.br/projetos/grad/plugin-prolog/index.html
>>>
>>>     A sophisticated integrated editing and teaching environment with
>>>     declarative debugging, termination analysis and many 
>>> visualisations is
>>>     available from http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/gupu/
>>>
>>>     16. How do I publish Prolog code?
>>>
>>>     Logtalk ships with support for various syntax highlighters, also 
>>> usable
>>>     for Prolog. These include support for Pygments (used e.g. on Trac 
>>> and
>>>     GitHub), Rouge (use e.g. in GitLab), GeSHi (used e.g. on Wikis), 
>>> minted
>>>     and texments LaTeX packages (e.g. source code listings), Google Code
>>>     Prettify, Source-highlight, Highlight, SyntaxHighlighter, and SHJS
>>>     (JavaScript highlighter for e.g. web pages).
>>>
>>> Acknowledgements
>>>
>>>     Thank you to all the people who helped put together the first 
>>> version
>>>     of this FAQ, and everyone who has contributed to it over the years.
>>>     Special thanks to John Dowding for suggesting a good format for the
>>>     list, and to Chris Moss, Dag Wahlberg, and Mark Kantrowitz for their
>>>     work on the Prolog Resource Guide.
>>>
>>>     Special thanks to Jamie Andrews, Dirk-Jan Faber and Remko 
>>> Troncon, who
>>>     have been maintaining and posting the FAQ in the past.
>>>
>>
>

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#14196 — Re: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions)

FromMild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm>
Date2024-09-20 10:59 +0200
SubjectRe: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions)
Message-ID<vcjdhl$dgun$1@solani.org>
In reply to#14195
GIT does also produce a HTTPS warning and
not allow HTTP at all, it works with a HTTP
client that has redirect(true):

$ git clone http://www.dogelog.ch/dogelog/.git
Cloning into 'dogelog'...
warning: redirecting to https://www.dogelog.ch/dogelog/.git/
Fetching objects: 4613, done.

The warning tells me I have a **security glitch**
using initially HTTP, and I should use a HTTPS
link from the start.

Your SWI-Prolog GIT library might suppress this
warning, which is **not ok** in my opinion. To avoid
the warning I directly publish a HTTPS link:

1 GIT Access
For binary files and source code initially:
git clone https://www.dogelog.ch/dogelog/.git

Mild Shock schrieb:
> Here is a sketch how this could be checked:
> ```
>      http_open(_, _, [final_url(FinalURL)]),
>      (\+ sub_atom(FinalURL, 0, _, _, 'https:') ->
>             /* show some warning or even fatal error */
> ```
> [https://www.swi-prolog.org/pldoc/man?predicate=http_open/3](https://www.swi-prolog.org/pldoc/man?predicate=http_open/3) 
> 
> 
> Or better using the `redirect(false`) http option
> from the beginning. Some modern HTTP clients have
> even a third `redirect/1` option besides true and
> 
> false that prevents HTTP to HTTPS promotion.

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#14197 — Re: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions)

FromMild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm>
Date2024-09-20 11:19 +0200
SubjectRe: broken and insecure links (Was: comp.lang.prolog Frequently Asked Questions)
Message-ID<vcjemc$dhdf$1@solani.org>
In reply to#14196
But its up to the server admin paranoia to
provide HTTPS at all. Your paranoia goes away
if you notice that HTTPS is practially recommended

for example under the EU GDPR or CCPA.

https://gdpr.eu/

https://oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa

Mild Shock schrieb:
> GIT does also produce a HTTPS warning and
> not allow HTTP at all, it works with a HTTP
> client that has redirect(true):
> 
> $ git clone http://www.dogelog.ch/dogelog/.git
> Cloning into 'dogelog'...
> warning: redirecting to https://www.dogelog.ch/dogelog/.git/
> Fetching objects: 4613, done.
> 
> The warning tells me I have a **security glitch**
> using initially HTTP, and I should use a HTTPS
> link from the start.
> 
> Your SWI-Prolog GIT library might suppress this
> warning, which is **not ok** in my opinion. To avoid
> the warning I directly publish a HTTPS link:
> 
> 1 GIT Access
> For binary files and source code initially:
> git clone https://www.dogelog.ch/dogelog/.git
> 
> Mild Shock schrieb:
>> Here is a sketch how this could be checked:
>> ```
>>      http_open(_, _, [final_url(FinalURL)]),
>>      (\+ sub_atom(FinalURL, 0, _, _, 'https:') ->
>>             /* show some warning or even fatal error */
>> ```
>> [https://www.swi-prolog.org/pldoc/man?predicate=http_open/3](https://www.swi-prolog.org/pldoc/man?predicate=http_open/3) 
>>
>>
>> Or better using the `redirect(false`) http option
>> from the beginning. Some modern HTTP clients have
>> even a third `redirect/1` option besides true and
>>
>> false that prevents HTTP to HTTPS promotion.

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#14198

FromMild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm>
Date2024-09-20 14:04 +0200
Message-ID<vcjocm$dmh8$1@solani.org>
In reply to#14190
Since spoofing GIT content is so easy and
non-sandboxed Prolog code is a rather sensitive
thing, I guess this is why bother with HTTPS

and a HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security)
policy could be important. SWI-Prolog packs are
non-sandboxed, unlike SWISH notebooks, right?

Here is what ChatGPT says:

An HTTP to HTTPS redirect vulnerability occurs
when an insecure HTTP connection is used to
redirect users to a secure HTTPS connection,
but the initial HTTP request is not adequately
protected. Here’s how this vulnerability might be exploited:

- Man-in-the-Middle Attack (MitM): Since HTTP is
unencrypted, an attacker intercepting the
initial HTTP request could manipulate the
redirection process before the user reaches
the secure HTTPS site. This could involve:

* Redirecting the user to a malicious site that
looks identical to the intended destination.
* Modifying the content in transit, such as
injecting malicious scripts.

- Downgrade Attacks: Attackers could attempt to
keep users on an HTTP connection instead of
redirecting them to HTTPS, leaving communication
vulnerable to eavesdropping or tampering.

The severity of an HTTP to HTTPS redirect
vulnerability can vary depending on the
context, but it is generally considered
moderate to high, depending on the following factors:

- Moderate: For non-sensitive sites where the
main risk is traffic manipulation (e.g., content
modification or ads injection) without
significant consequences.

- High: For sites handling sensitive user data
(e.g., financial services, medical information),
especially when users are likely to connect
over insecure networks like public Wi-Fi.

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#14199

FromMild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm>
Date2024-09-20 20:38 +0200
Message-ID<vckfft$e32a$1@solani.org>
In reply to#14198
The problem is the analogue of
the pager explosion:

 > package manager directly talks to https

Thats correct, I get:

 > ?- setting(prolog_pack:server, ServerBase).
 > ServerBase = 'https://www.swi-prolog.org/pack/'.

The pack server could nevertheless act as a
multiplier of malicious software. For example
if we look at supply chain attacks, then the
weakest link determines the overall security.

How do you initially compute the hash? @kuniaki.mukai
page doesn’t have HTTP to HTTPS promotion, and
here he has published a HTTP url:

Package “pac”
1.9.8 526129e98f3910766eace5d63eaf7097739a7c5b 3 
http://web.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~mukai/pac-1.9.8.tgz

https://www.swi-prolog.org/pack/list?p=pac

And the hash is listed side by side with a
HTTP URL, doesn’t make much sense to me,
since its not a HTTPS URL. A hacker can use
this as a gateway to distribute a tampered

.tar that automatically has a tampered hash.
And its not a blockchain and/or distributed,
you compute the hash from the downloaded .tar

alone at client side, and what is computed at
client side is identical to the server side,
so there is no additional security. Or maybe

there is additional security? How is the pack
upload realized on the packager side? I don’t know…

Mild Shock schrieb:
> Since spoofing GIT content is so easy and
> non-sandboxed Prolog code is a rather sensitive
> thing, I guess this is why bother with HTTPS
> 
> and a HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security)
> policy could be important. SWI-Prolog packs are
> non-sandboxed, unlike SWISH notebooks, right?
> 
> Here is what ChatGPT says:
> 
> An HTTP to HTTPS redirect vulnerability occurs
> when an insecure HTTP connection is used to
> redirect users to a secure HTTPS connection,
> but the initial HTTP request is not adequately
> protected. Here’s how this vulnerability might be exploited:
> 
> - Man-in-the-Middle Attack (MitM): Since HTTP is
> unencrypted, an attacker intercepting the
> initial HTTP request could manipulate the
> redirection process before the user reaches
> the secure HTTPS site. This could involve:
> 
> * Redirecting the user to a malicious site that
> looks identical to the intended destination.
> * Modifying the content in transit, such as
> injecting malicious scripts.
> 
> - Downgrade Attacks: Attackers could attempt to
> keep users on an HTTP connection instead of
> redirecting them to HTTPS, leaving communication
> vulnerable to eavesdropping or tampering.
> 
> The severity of an HTTP to HTTPS redirect
> vulnerability can vary depending on the
> context, but it is generally considered
> moderate to high, depending on the following factors:
> 
> - Moderate: For non-sensitive sites where the
> main risk is traffic manipulation (e.g., content
> modification or ads injection) without
> significant consequences.
> 
> - High: For sites handling sensitive user data
> (e.g., financial services, medical information),
> especially when users are likely to connect
> over insecure networks like public Wi-Fi.

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#14200

FromMild Shock <janburse@fastmail.fm>
Date2024-09-20 20:41 +0200
Message-ID<vckfk9$e32a$2@solani.org>
In reply to#14199
To make it more secure, one would need to
edit pack.pl, the current content of pack.pl
is as follows. You need to edit line 6, and
change “http” into “https”:

1 name(pac).
2
3 title('Anonymous predicates expansion utility').
4
5 version('1.9.8').
6 download('http://web.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~mukai/pac-1.9.8.tgz').
7
8 author('Kunaki Mukai','mukai@sfc.keio.ac.jp').
9 keywords([anonymous_predicate,conditional_equation...

https://www.swi-prolog.org/pack/file_details/pac/pack.pl

So it shows a HTTP URL and not a HTTPS URL. HTTP
is insecure, HTTPS would be secure, the letter
S stands for secure. If you don’t want to edit

pack.pl ask your administrator to have automatic
HTTP to HTTPS redirect on the web server:

https://whois.jprs.jp/en/

Disclaimer: I don’t know whether the SWI-Prolog
package manager still works if you do some of
these steps. I assume so, but who knows? HTTPS
seems to be something new here,

although HTTPS was already introduced in 1995
by Netscape. Key milestones in the development
of HTTPS were:

- 1995: Initial introduction of HTTPS with SSL 2.0.
- 1999: TLS 1.0 introduced as an upgrade to SSL.
- 2014: The push for widespread HTTPS adoption
   increased with efforts like Let’s Encrypt,
   which provides free HTTPS certificates.

Mild Shock schrieb:
> The problem is the analogue of
> the pager explosion:
> 
>  > package manager directly talks to https
> 
> Thats correct, I get:
> 
>  > ?- setting(prolog_pack:server, ServerBase).
>  > ServerBase = 'https://www.swi-prolog.org/pack/'.
> 
> The pack server could nevertheless act as a
> multiplier of malicious software. For example
> if we look at supply chain attacks, then the
> weakest link determines the overall security.
> 
> How do you initially compute the hash? @kuniaki.mukai
> page doesn’t have HTTP to HTTPS promotion, and
> here he has published a HTTP url:
> 
> Package “pac”
> 1.9.8 526129e98f3910766eace5d63eaf7097739a7c5b 3 
> http://web.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~mukai/pac-1.9.8.tgz
> 
> https://www.swi-prolog.org/pack/list?p=pac
> 
> And the hash is listed side by side with a
> HTTP URL, doesn’t make much sense to me,
> since its not a HTTPS URL. A hacker can use
> this as a gateway to distribute a tampered
> 
> .tar that automatically has a tampered hash.
> And its not a blockchain and/or distributed,
> you compute the hash from the downloaded .tar
> 
> alone at client side, and what is computed at
> client side is identical to the server side,
> so there is no additional security. Or maybe
> 
> there is additional security? How is the pack
> upload realized on the packager side? I don’t know…
> 
> Mild Shock schrieb:
>> Since spoofing GIT content is so easy and
>> non-sandboxed Prolog code is a rather sensitive
>> thing, I guess this is why bother with HTTPS
>>
>> and a HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security)
>> policy could be important. SWI-Prolog packs are
>> non-sandboxed, unlike SWISH notebooks, right?
>>
>> Here is what ChatGPT says:
>>
>> An HTTP to HTTPS redirect vulnerability occurs
>> when an insecure HTTP connection is used to
>> redirect users to a secure HTTPS connection,
>> but the initial HTTP request is not adequately
>> protected. Here’s how this vulnerability might be exploited:
>>
>> - Man-in-the-Middle Attack (MitM): Since HTTP is
>> unencrypted, an attacker intercepting the
>> initial HTTP request could manipulate the
>> redirection process before the user reaches
>> the secure HTTPS site. This could involve:
>>
>> * Redirecting the user to a malicious site that
>> looks identical to the intended destination.
>> * Modifying the content in transit, such as
>> injecting malicious scripts.
>>
>> - Downgrade Attacks: Attackers could attempt to
>> keep users on an HTTP connection instead of
>> redirecting them to HTTPS, leaving communication
>> vulnerable to eavesdropping or tampering.
>>
>> The severity of an HTTP to HTTPS redirect
>> vulnerability can vary depending on the
>> context, but it is generally considered
>> moderate to high, depending on the following factors:
>>
>> - Moderate: For non-sensitive sites where the
>> main risk is traffic manipulation (e.g., content
>> modification or ads injection) without
>> significant consequences.
>>
>> - High: For sites handling sensitive user data
>> (e.g., financial services, medical information),
>> especially when users are likely to connect
>> over insecure networks like public Wi-Fi.
>

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