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Design a sendInvite for a Calendar appointment

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  Design a sendInvite for a Calendar appointment zianne.james@gmail.com - 2015-07-15 18:11 -0700
    Re: Design a sendInvite for a Calendar appointment Eric Sosman <esosman@comcast-dot-net.invalid> - 2015-07-16 08:21 -0400
      Re: Design a sendInvite for a Calendar appointment e.d.programmer@gmail.com - 2015-07-16 06:47 -0700

#32038 — Design a sendInvite for a Calendar appointment

Recently in an interview I was asked to design a "send invitation for an appointment to multiple contacts in a company". (Something similar to creating an Appointment in Outlook)

Here is what I came up with, I would really appreciate some feedback, suggestions, questions.

So, after asking few questions, the interviewer wanted me to figure out how would I save the Calendar data of everyone from different timezones in my company. The invitation would have just 2 things, time and contacts...

example:

From: me@myCompany.com To: brad@myCompany.com; star@myCompany.com, angel@myCompany.com Time: 3:30 to 4:30 (CST) Date: 08/20/2015

I recommended that we save all employees data in different locations. So the DB servers will be at a location near you, which would make your calendar loading faster. There will be a centralized server which will store the machine ID against your employee id.

Ex:

Table Name: Machine_Mapping

| Employee_ID | Machine_ID |

| 101 | 1

| 102 | 2

| 103 | 2

| 104 | 1

| 105 | 3

Data on a particular machine: Table Name: Calendar_Data

| Employee_ID | Email_ID | From | TO | Date

| 101 | brad@myCompany.com | 14:00 | 14:30 | 01/01/2014

| 101 | brad@myCompany.com | 14:00 | 14:30 | 01/01/2015

| 101 | brad@myCompany.com | 15:00 | 16:00 | 08/20/2015
( This should be a conflict as the requested timing overlaps with this )

| 102 | star@myCompany.com | 17:00 | 17:30 | 08/20/2015

| 103 | angel@myCompany.com | 15:00 | 16:00 | 08/24/2015

| 104 | me@myCompany.com | 15:00 | 16:00 | 08/24/2015

| 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/01/2015 .... ( This is something like a daily Scrum

| 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/02/2015 .... meeting invite. Will this be repeated?

| 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/03/2015 .... or there should be some way to store

| 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/04/2015 .... it efficiently ? Please suggest. )

| 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/05/2015

| 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/06/2015

| 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/07/2015

....

I was also asked to implement sendInvite method... Here is my implementation:

public Result sendInvite(List<Contact> contacts, Date date, Timestamp from,
        Timestamp to) {

    List<Contact> contactsHavingConflict = new ArrayList<Contact>();
    Result result = new Result();
    try {
        for (Contact c : contacts) {
            if (!checkAvailability(c, from, to)) {    // This method will first compare the date of invitation with the dates of each contact in database. 
                contactsHavingConflict.add(c);
            }

            if (contactsHavingConflict.size() == 0) {
                sendInvite(contacts);
                result.setInvitationSent(true);
            } else {
                result.setContactsHavingConflict(contactsHavingConflict);
                result.setInvitationSent(false);
            }
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        // log.error(e.getMessage());
        result.setError(e.getMessage());
        result.setInvitationSent(false);
    }
    return result;
}

private boolean checkAvailability(Contact c, Timestamp from, Timestamp to) {
    int count = 0;
    // count = select count(*) from Calendar_Data where c.getEmail =
    // Email_ID and (from >= From or to <=TO);

    if (count > 0)
        return false;
    else
        return true;
}

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#32041

On 7/15/2015 9:11 PM, zianne.james@gmail.com wrote:
> Recently in an interview I was asked to design a "send invitation for an appointment to multiple contacts in a company". (Something similar to creating an Appointment in Outlook)
>
> Here is what I came up with, I would really appreciate some feedback, suggestions, questions.

     I'll offer a few, interleaved below.  Some are trivial, some not.

> So, after asking few questions, the interviewer wanted me to figure out how would I save the Calendar data of everyone from different timezones in my company. The invitation would have just 2 things, time and contacts...
>
> example:
>
> From: me@myCompany.com To: brad@myCompany.com; star@myCompany.com, angel@myCompany.com Time: 3:30 to 4:30 (CST) Date: 08/20/2015
>
> I recommended that we save all employees data in different locations. So the DB servers will be at a location near you, which would make your calendar loading faster. There will be a centralized server which will store the machine ID against your employee id.
>
> Ex:
>
> Table Name: Machine_Mapping
>
> | Employee_ID | Machine_ID |
> | 101 | 1
> | 102 | 2
> | 103 | 2
> | 104 | 1
> | 105 | 3

     Maintaining this table could become a logistical nightmare for
a large company (and your hypothetical company already qualifies as
"large enough to use multiple servers in multiple time zones").  It
is likely that the company already maintains some kind of related
data ("Which server holds J.P. Biggley's home directory?"), and you
should try to piggy-back on the existing structure.

> Data on a particular machine: Table Name: Calendar_Data
>
> | Employee_ID | Email_ID | From | TO | Date
> | 101 | brad@myCompany.com | 14:00 | 14:30 | 01/01/2014
> | 101 | brad@myCompany.com | 14:00 | 14:30 | 01/01/2015
> | 101 | brad@myCompany.com | 15:00 | 16:00 | 08/20/2015
> ( This should be a conflict as the requested timing overlaps with this )
>
> | 102 | star@myCompany.com | 17:00 | 17:30 | 08/20/2015
> | 103 | angel@myCompany.com | 15:00 | 16:00 | 08/24/2015
> | 104 | me@myCompany.com | 15:00 | 16:00 | 08/24/2015
> | 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/01/2015 .... ( This is something like a daily Scrum
> | 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/02/2015 .... meeting invite. Will this be repeated?
> | 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/03/2015 .... or there should be some way to store
> | 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/04/2015 .... it efficiently ? Please suggest. )
> | 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/05/2015
> | 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/06/2015
> | 104 | me@myCompany.com | 11:00 | 11:30 | 07/07/2015

     Repeated appointments become *very* tricky when multiple time zones
are involved.  Example: In January, somebody in Berlin sets up a
repeating conference call with participants in London and New York.
Berlin is at UTC+1:00, London is at UTC, and New York is at UTC-05:00,
so the meeting is scheduled for 16:00 in Berlin, 15:00 in London, and
10:00 in New York.

     Question: What happens when Germany switches to summer time on the
second Sunday in March, while the U.K. and U.S. remain on Standard time
until March's final Sunday?  Will the meeting commence at the same UTC
hour (now 17:00 Berlin, 15:00 London, 10:00 New York), or at the same
Berlin time (16:00, now 14:00 London, 09:00 New York), or does the time
zone of "Headquarters" (whichever that might be) rule, or ...?

     I saw this happen once, with a serious "enterprise-grade" calendar
system.  At each Standard/Summer changeover -- about six times annually,
given different changeover schedules -- recurring appointments went
haywire.  We eventually deduced that the appointments followed the local
time of the person who created them, but this wasn't foolproof: If you,
for example, edited an appointment someone else had placed on your
calendar, *you* became the "creator" even as the other person's time
zone shifted away from yours ...  Also, conflicts got created that did
not exist when the originals were scheduled: In my example above, the
New York participant might have a 09:00 appointment that used to precede
his Berlin call but now overlaps with it ...

> ....
>
> I was also asked to implement sendInvite method... Here is my implementation:
>
> public Result sendInvite(List<Contact> contacts, Date date, Timestamp from,
>          Timestamp to) {
>
>      List<Contact> contactsHavingConflict = new ArrayList<Contact>();

     Now to the trivial: I forget when it happened (it several Java
releases ago), but the sleeker way to write this is

	List<Contact> contactsHavingConflict = new ArrayList<>();

... using the (very badly mis-named) "diamond operator."

>      Result result = new Result();
>      try {
>          for (Contact c : contacts) {
>              if (!checkAvailability(c, from, to)) {    // This method will first compare the date of invitation with the dates of each contact in database.

     You've distributed the calendars across multiple remote servers,
which may well make sense.  But this means the conflict check will need
to consult all those remote servers, which is going to take extra time.
Also, there's a potential race condition: Two different people trying to
schedule appointments with J.P. Biggley may both find him "available" at
14:00 next Thursday before either of them actually claims the time slot;
if they both do so, J.P. is double-booked.

     Also, about those repeating appointments: J.P. Biggley may well be
available next Thursday at 14:00, but will he also be available at 14:00
the Thursday after that, and after that, and ...?  How far into the
future should your conflict-checker peer?

     My impression is that a full-blown calendaring system is too complex
a topic for an interview question, unless you're allowed quite a few
simplifications.  (In a long-ago interview I was asked to design a
service along the lines of TinyURL; you would not *believe* the details
I glossed over and the shortcuts I took!)

-- 
esosman@comcast-dot-net.invalid
"Don't be afraid of work. Make work afraid of you." -- TLM

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#32043

On Thursday, July 16, 2015 at 8:21:52 AM UTC-4, Eric Sosman wrote:
>      My impression is that a full-blown calendaring system is too complex
> a topic for an interview question, unless you're allowed quite a few
> simplifications.  (In a long-ago interview I was asked to design a
> service along the lines of TinyURL; you would not *believe* the details
> I glossed over and the shortcuts I took!)

I was thinking that request sounds insane for a job interview.  If an applicant provides a working solution to a request such as that, I hope it's a high paying position and/or they're paying you for time spent on it.
My company doesn't really pay a lot.  In our last round of IT interviews we just asked them to hand write a fizz buzz solution.

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