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Groups > comp.lang.c > #93689

Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write

From Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org>
Newsgroups comp.lang.c
Subject Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write
Date 2016-09-17 15:04 -0700
Organization None to speak of
Message-ID <ln7faayyhf.fsf@kst-u.example.com> (permalink)
References (14 earlier) <c9cb703c-db1b-4baa-9622-538aeaca5652@googlegroups.com> <lnk2ebzaxe.fsf@kst-u.example.com> <09cb4413-16a6-4b63-89d0-9dafe56562f6@googlegroups.com> <lnfuozz3ea.fsf@kst-u.example.com> <68e53f3a-5fcc-44fc-90c4-bcf8dc3db680@googlegroups.com>

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supercat@casperkitty.com writes:
> On Friday, September 16, 2016 at 6:59:15 PM UTC-5, Keith Thompson wrote:
>> supercat writes:
>> > The expression -5 << 3 satisfies the second criterion, but fails
>> > the first.  Consequently, it invokes Undefined Behavior.
>> 
>> You're absolutely right.  Looks like I failed reading comprehension
>> for the day.  My apologies.
>
> Returning to my earlier point, which seems more plausible:
>
>   1. The authors of the Standard wanted to invite even two's-complement
>      implementations to behave nonsensically when left-shifting a negative
>      value unless he programmer explicitly cast the value to "unsigned"
>      first, or...
>
>   2. The authors of the Standard thought it so obvious that quality
>      two's-complement implementations should treat left-shifts of negative
>      values as a multiplication (at least in cases where the product
>      would be representable) that there was no need to waste ink saying
>      so.

3. The authors of the standard didn't want to impose requirements on
left shifts of negative numbers.  The natural behavior for a given
system could naturally vary depending on the representation used
for signed integers.  The authors either did not know whether some
implementations might behave in odd ways (such as a run-time trap),
or knew of implementations that do so.  Shifts of negative values
are not particularly important anyway; imposing requirements on
their behavior could, on some systems, impose extra costs on shifts
of non-negative values, which are important.

I find it slightly odd that a left shift of a negative number has
undefined behavior, while a right shift of a negative number yields
an implementation-defined value.  I presume there's a valid reason
for that.

> Before you recognized that you'd misread the Standard, you presumably would
> have thought that a programmer would be entitled to expect that when x==-5,
> a compiler would evaluate x<<3 as -40 with no side-effects.  Does the fact
> that the Standard imposes no requirements change that?

Certainly.  On more careful reading, the standard talks about
shifting bits, not values.  That's unambiguous for unsigned types
and for non-negative values of signed types, but representations for
negative values of signed types can vary, so it's not immediately
clear what shifting bits even means.  I could, I suppose, think
about how it should work for the three permitted representations
(I haven't taken the time to do so), but that wouldn't say much
about how the shift instructions of real-world CPUs actually behave.
And prior to C99, the standard didn't even restrict the possible
representations for signed types to the three choices we have now.

(Perhaps it's time for the next edition of the C standard to mandate
2's-complement and tighten up some of the requirements, but I think
that's a separate discussion.  The current standard has to cater
to the three possible representations -- and represention doesn't
imply a particular behavior.)

I don't even use shift operators on signed types; as far as I'm
concerned they only make sense for unsigned types.  The fact that
they're well defined for non-negative signed values that don't
overflow is just a (small) bonus.  YMMV.

If I have a possibly negative signed value and I want to multiply
it by 8, I just multiply it by 8.  If the compiler can implement
that as a shift instruction, that's fine with me.  If it can't,
that's fine with me too.

I just experimented with several compilers and found that
    -5 << 3 == -40
I find this mildly interesting, but not particularly useful.

-- 
Keith Thompson (The_Other_Keith) kst-u@mib.org  <http://www.ghoti.net/~kst>
Working, but not speaking, for JetHead Development, Inc.
"We must do something.  This is something.  Therefore, we must do this."
    -- Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn, "Yes Minister"

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Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-10 14:23 -0700
  Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Barry Schwarz <schwarzb@dqel.com> - 2016-09-10 17:11 -0700
  Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-11 07:00 -0700
  Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Richard Damon <Richard@Damon-Family.org> - 2016-09-13 08:41 -0400
    Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-13 06:24 -0700
      Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-13 16:19 +0200
        Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-13 10:20 -0700
          Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-13 11:07 -0700
        Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-13 20:47 -0700
          Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-14 08:24 -0700
            Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-15 12:17 -0700
          Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-15 11:27 +0200
            Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-15 09:03 -0700
              Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-15 11:21 -0700
              Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-15 18:39 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-15 12:26 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-15 23:12 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-15 16:17 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-15 18:35 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-16 11:10 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-16 08:43 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-16 19:59 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-16 13:34 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-16 16:23 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-16 15:31 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-16 19:06 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-16 23:27 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-17 15:04 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-17 20:35 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-18 00:09 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2016-09-18 19:36 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-18 15:29 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2016-09-19 01:20 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-18 09:48 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-18 19:38 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-18 15:33 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-18 13:58 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-18 14:15 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-09-18 23:15 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-18 15:46 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ian Collins <ian-news@hotmail.com> - 2016-09-19 17:03 +1200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-19 07:40 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-19 10:54 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-19 10:51 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-19 22:03 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-19 15:44 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-20 09:02 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-09-19 21:12 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-19 15:58 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-19 09:49 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-19 02:37 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-19 13:20 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-19 06:22 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-09-19 12:46 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-19 16:20 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-19 07:32 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-19 11:26 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-19 09:10 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-19 09:33 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-19 11:54 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-19 22:14 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-19 22:12 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-19 14:32 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Robert Wessel <robertwessel2@yahoo.com> - 2016-09-19 22:58 -0500
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-20 09:45 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-20 07:49 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-20 19:43 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-20 11:15 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-19 22:36 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-22 21:30 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-22 23:58 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ian Collins <ian-news@hotmail.com> - 2016-09-23 19:45 +1200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-28 08:17 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-28 09:59 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ian Collins <ian-news@hotmail.com> - 2016-09-29 07:59 +1300
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ike Naar <ike@iceland.freeshell.org> - 2016-09-28 19:26 +0000
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-28 12:37 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-10-09 03:46 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-18 13:53 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-21 21:03 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-21 22:23 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-22 08:09 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-23 10:31 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-23 10:56 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-29 08:03 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-30 07:39 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-22 09:49 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-22 08:34 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-09-22 17:44 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Melzzzzz <Melzzzzz@zzzzz.com> - 2016-09-22 17:16 +0000
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-09-22 18:26 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Melzzzzz <Melzzzzz@zzzzz.com> - 2016-09-22 17:33 +0000
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-23 10:23 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2016-09-23 13:43 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-23 14:58 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-22 18:14 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write luser droog <luser.droog@gmail.com> - 2016-09-22 20:28 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-23 00:12 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-22 10:57 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-23 10:18 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-23 11:48 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-23 15:58 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-29 08:21 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-30 07:42 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-23 23:38 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-24 11:42 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-24 14:13 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-24 23:03 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2016-09-25 11:29 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-25 14:02 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-25 15:17 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-25 16:52 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-25 13:59 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-25 15:13 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-25 15:50 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-28 08:13 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-24 16:06 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-24 11:53 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-24 14:23 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-25 14:16 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-25 15:18 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-25 16:39 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-25 23:33 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-26 02:08 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2016-09-26 10:25 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-26 03:05 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2016-09-26 11:09 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write "Chris M. Thomasson" <invalid@invalid.invalid> - 2016-09-26 09:29 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2016-09-26 17:37 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write "Chris M. Thomasson" <invalid@invalid.invalid> - 2016-09-26 12:29 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-09-26 11:12 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-26 13:19 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-26 18:34 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ike Naar <ike@iceland.freeshell.org> - 2016-09-27 06:43 +0000
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-27 00:51 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-27 08:42 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-22 11:40 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-23 10:00 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-23 10:34 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-29 08:13 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-18 00:06 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-17 17:32 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-18 15:57 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-17 20:46 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-18 16:08 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-18 10:03 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-17 23:59 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-17 16:49 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2016-09-18 01:19 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-18 07:16 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write "James R. Kuyper" <jameskuyper@verizon.net> - 2016-09-18 10:19 -0400
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write luser droog <luser.droog@gmail.com> - 2016-09-18 13:26 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write "James R. Kuyper" <jameskuyper@verizon.net> - 2016-09-18 17:04 -0400
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-22 01:21 -0700
            Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-15 12:07 -0700
              Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-16 00:32 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-15 16:30 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2016-09-15 18:35 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-15 22:00 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-15 22:17 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ian Collins <ian-news@hotmail.com> - 2016-09-16 18:12 +1200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-16 00:46 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Ben Bacarisse <ben.usenet@bsb.me.uk> - 2016-09-16 10:23 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-09-16 10:59 +0100
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-16 04:13 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-16 08:58 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-16 10:16 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Tim Rentsch <txr@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2016-09-16 09:11 -0700
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2016-09-16 20:14 +0200
                Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write Malcolm McLean <malcolm.mclean5@btinternet.com> - 2016-09-16 20:37 -0700
      Re: Portable 16 bit binary integer write supercat@casperkitty.com - 2016-09-13 07:47 -0700

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