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Re: malloc

Cross-posted to 2 groups.

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On 2012-02-18, glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> wrote:
> In comp.lang.c++ Joshua Maurice <joshuamaurice@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> (snip)
>
>> Really? The explanation that I'm most familiar with is that most fork
>> calls are immediately followed by exec, and thus if you're low on
>> memory, then a large process cannot spawn a new process without
>> overcommit because the only process create primitive is fork, which
>> "copies" the memory space of the parent process.
>
> That was fixed about 20 years ago. Among others, there is vfork()
>
>   "vfork - spawn new process in a virtual memory efficient way"
>
> A simple explanation is that vfork() tells the system that you 
> expect to call exec() next, and it can optimize for that case.

vfork is a dangerous hack which exposes the semantics of the optimization
of fork to the program.

A modern copy-on-write fork hides the semantics: the parent and child
spaces are shared, but appear duplicated.

A copy-on-write fork does have to account for the virtual space required
to duplicate the private mappings of the parent process, because those
will be copied physically if they are touched.

If you have a 500 megabyte process, of which 400 megabytes are private
mappings, and that process forks, the virtual layout of the system
increases by 400 megabytes. If overcommit is not allowed, that means
that the 400 megabytes has to be counted as physical memory.

Joshua is completely right here: forking is one of the use cases for
overcommit for this reason.

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malloc jgk@panix.com (Joe keane) - 2012-02-16 21:04 +0000
  Re: malloc Devil with the China Blue Dress <chine.bleu@yahoo.com> - 2012-02-16 13:21 -0800
    Re: malloc BGB <cr88192@hotmail.com> - 2012-02-16 16:16 -0700
      Re: malloc Paavo Helde <myfirstname@osa.pri.ee> - 2012-02-17 14:46 -0600
        Re: malloc Joshua Maurice <joshuamaurice@gmail.com> - 2012-02-17 14:51 -0800
          Re: malloc BGB <cr88192@hotmail.com> - 2012-02-17 19:58 -0700
            Re: malloc Paavo Helde <myfirstname@osa.pri.ee> - 2012-02-18 02:18 -0600
              Re: malloc BGB <cr88192@hotmail.com> - 2012-02-18 01:58 -0700
              Re: malloc glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2012-02-18 15:30 +0000
            Re: malloc Kaz Kylheku <kaz@kylheku.com> - 2012-02-18 10:36 +0000
            Re: malloc William Ahern <william@wilbur.25thandClement.com> - 2012-02-18 16:43 -0800
              Re: malloc BGB <cr88192@hotmail.com> - 2012-02-18 20:03 -0700
                Re: malloc Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org> - 2012-02-19 12:49 +0900
                Re: malloc William Ahern <william@wilbur.25thandClement.com> - 2012-02-18 21:08 -0800
                Re: malloc "io_x" <a@b.c.invalid> - 2012-02-19 18:23 +0100
                Re: malloc William Ahern <william@wilbur.25thandClement.com> - 2012-02-18 21:06 -0800
                Re: malloc BGB <cr88192@hotmail.com> - 2012-02-18 23:06 -0700
      Re: malloc "Asger Joergensen" <Junk@Asger-P.dk> - 2012-02-19 15:54 +0000
        Re: malloc BGB <cr88192@hotmail.com> - 2012-02-19 09:37 -0700
    Re: malloc Eric Sosman <esosman@ieee-dot-org.invalid> - 2012-02-16 20:27 -0500
      Re: malloc Goran <goran.pusic@gmail.com> - 2012-02-16 23:40 -0800
        Re: malloc Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2012-02-17 02:26 -0800
          Re: malloc Goran <goran.pusic@gmail.com> - 2012-02-17 04:01 -0800
            Re: malloc Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2012-02-17 09:25 -0800
              Re: malloc 88888 Dihedral <dihedral88888@googlemail.com> - 2012-02-17 09:37 -0800
              Re: malloc Joshua Maurice <joshuamaurice@gmail.com> - 2012-02-17 14:49 -0800
                Re: malloc glen herrmannsfeldt <gah@ugcs.caltech.edu> - 2012-02-18 01:43 +0000
                Re: malloc Kaz Kylheku <kaz@kylheku.com> - 2012-02-18 02:04 +0000
                Re: malloc scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2012-02-18 03:04 +0000
                Re: malloc Robert Wessel <robertwessel2@yahoo.com> - 2012-02-17 22:15 -0600
                Re: malloc Joshua Maurice <joshuamaurice@gmail.com> - 2012-02-17 23:48 -0800
              Re: malloc Kaz Kylheku <kaz@kylheku.com> - 2012-02-17 23:29 +0000
        Re: malloc Eric Sosman <esosman@ieee-dot-org.invalid> - 2012-02-17 08:06 -0500
          Re: malloc Goran <goran.pusic@gmail.com> - 2012-02-18 07:57 -0800
            Re: malloc Keith Thompson <kst-u@mib.org> - 2012-02-18 10:57 -0800
            Re: malloc Eric Sosman <esosman@ieee-dot-org.invalid> - 2012-02-19 08:51 -0500
      Re: malloc scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2012-02-17 20:31 +0000
        Re: malloc Joshua Maurice <joshuamaurice@gmail.com> - 2012-02-18 00:01 -0800
          Re: malloc scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2012-02-18 17:07 +0000
            Re: malloc Joshua Maurice <joshuamaurice@gmail.com> - 2012-02-18 18:14 -0800
              Re: malloc scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2012-02-19 17:14 +0000
  Re: malloc Goran <goran.pusic@gmail.com> - 2012-02-16 23:43 -0800
  Re: malloc "io_x" <a@b.c.invalid> - 2012-02-19 16:44 +0100

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