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Groups > comp.lang.c > #389181
| From | Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> |
|---|---|
| Newsgroups | comp.lang.c |
| Subject | Re: question about linker |
| Date | 2024-11-28 12:33 -0800 |
| Organization | None to speak of |
| Message-ID | <87bjxzt7xq.fsf@nosuchdomain.example.com> (permalink) |
| References | <vi54e9$3ie0o$1@dont-email.me> <vi6sb1$148h7$1@paganini.bofh.team> <vi6uaj$3ve13$2@dont-email.me> <87plmfu2ub.fsf@nosuchdomain.example.com> <vi9jk4$gse4$1@dont-email.me> |
Thiago Adams <thiago.adams@gmail.com> writes:
> On 28/11/2024 06:25, Keith Thompson wrote:
>> Thiago Adams <thiago.adams@gmail.com> writes:
>>> On 27/11/2024 07:29, Waldek Hebisch wrote:
>> [...]
>>>> 1) campilers for embedded targets care very much about const. const
>>>> qualified arrays go into read-only data section which is typically
>>>> located in flash. Other arrays go to RAM. Embedded targets
>>>> frequently have very small RAM and larger flash, so after
>>>> dropping const program may no longer fit in available RAM.
>>>
>>> I think your comment applies for const in declarations like
>>>
>>> const int i = 1;
>>>
>>> I used to find const confusing, as it sometimes meant 'read-only' and
>>> other times 'immutable.'
>> I'm not sure what you mean. My understanding is that const means
>> read-only, and nothing else.
>
> I think my previous comment is not precise; it could be better
> phrased. It also have some mistakes about init-declarator.
>
> I will give samples what I was trying to say.
>
> When we have this declaration we are declaring some storage (for the i
> variable)
>
> const int i = 0;
We are *defining* the object `i`, which means that the declaration
(which is also a definition) causes storage to be allocated.
> But here
>
> void f(const struct X * p);
>
> We are not declaring the storage for the pointed object.
Right. But "const" means the same thing: the object `*p` is read-only.
More precisely, the expression `*p` gives us read-only access to that
object; there might be other expressions that give read/write access to
the same object.
If an object is const because of its definition, then that object is
itself read-only, and anything that bypasses that (pointer casts, etc.)
causes undefined behavior. If "const" appears in a declaration that
isn't a definition for the object, then the declaration provides a
read-only view of the object (if it exists). The object itself may or
may not be read-only.
int n = 42; // read/write
void func(const int *param); // *param provides a read-only view
func(&n);
// The object can be modified via the name "n", but not via
// the name "*param".
> So, for the first case, we can think const as declaring a immutable
> storage, while for the second sample const acts as "read-only" - we
> don't know if the storage is const or not.
"const storage" is an implementation detail, not part of C semantics.
A conforming implementation could put everything in writable storage
(perhaps the OS doesn't provide memory protection, or the compiler
authors are lazy), relying on C semantics to prevent writes to
const objects.
>>> Now, it seems less confusing to me. When const is used with variables
>>> that can be initialized (init-declarator), it acts as 'immutable',
>>> meaning the storage is constant.
>> What exactly do you mean by "the storage is constant"? Are you
>> talking about memory that is marked as read-only by the OS?
>
> Here comes another point (that I realized after I wrote that) and that
> makes const more confusing.
>
> When const is used in a external declaration like
>
> const int i = 1;
> int main(){}
>
> We can think about read-only marked memory.
Sure, you can think of it that way, but it's not what "const"
*means*. Something like `*(int*)&i = 42;` has undefined behavior,
regardless of the implementation. If the implementation chooses
to store i in some kind of read-only memory (perhaps enforced by
the OS, perhaps physical RAM), it's likely to crash. If it stores
it in ordinary read/write memory, it will likely store 42 in i.
Reading i might yield 1 or 42, depending on optimizations (remember
that it's UB).
> But for local variables it does not make sense to have "read-only
> marked memory" because it lives on stack.
>
> int main(){
> const int i = 1;
> }
>
There's no fundamental reason an implementation couldn't have
"read-only marked memory" on the stack.
[...]
> const is very context dependent, maybe trying to reuse the same
> keyword, and I think C23 had a change to clarify it, but instead make
> it more confusing with constexpr, that was the point of my previous
> topic.
const and constexpr are two very different things.
Do you have an example where "const means read-only" isn't enough to
understand the C semantics (leaving aside any implementation-specific
choices)?
(But note that given :
constexpr int n = 42;
`&n` is of type `const int*`. Which makes sense; we don't want `&n` to
give us write access to n.)
"const" does create a lot of opportunities for optimizations, like
initializing objects at load time rather than during execution. And a
clever compiler could implement the same optimizations if it's able to
prove that an object is never modified.
> For compile that computation what matters is the guarantee that the
> compiler knows the values (it knows because it always the same value
> of initialization) when using the object. (It does not depend on flow
> analysis)
There's no requirement for the compiler to "know" the value of a const
object.
> I think const, like in here
>
> const int i = 1;
>
> gives the same guarantee. (The compiler knows the value of i)
That's a very common optimization, but a conforming compiler could
simply read the value stored in `i` on every reference to it.
> What I think could be explored more is the usage of register keyword
> as meaning "no-storage".
>
> The idea of const no-storage is good because it eliminates any problem
> with object lifetime and it makes the perfect constants in my
> view. Unfortunately, constexpr does not mean that because we can take
> the address of constexpr object.
The fact that constexpr objects still have addresses is perhaps
a bit odd, but that's how C23 defines it. I like the idea of a
constexpr object with no associated storage, so that
constexpr int the_answer = 42;
does nothing more than make "the_answer" a name for the value 42,
but C23 doesn't have that. And I'm not sure it's all that important;
if we never refer to the address of the_answer, the compiler is
free to eliminate its storage. For most purposes, we can just
ignore the fact that a constexpr object has storage.
> Sample why no-storage is useful
>
> void F()
> {
> register const int i = 1;
> //lets way we have lanbdas in C
> f( []()
> {
> //safe to use i even in another thread, or even after exiting F
> int k = i;
> }
> );
> }
Without "register", since i is const, its value will never change
(barring undefined behavior), so it should be safe to use anyway.
How is eliminating the storage for i useful? You can just ignore
it, and the compiler may be able to optimize it away.
--
Keith Thompson (The_Other_Keith) Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com
void Void(void) { Void(); } /* The recursive call of the void */
Back to comp.lang.c | Previous | Next — Previous in thread | Next in thread | Find similar
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-11-28 01:25 -0800
Re: question about linker Thiago Adams <thiago.adams@gmail.com> - 2024-11-28 08:19 -0300
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-28 11:38 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-11-28 11:58 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-28 22:23 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-11-28 14:38 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-28 23:05 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-11-28 15:20 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-29 00:32 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-11-28 18:15 -0800
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-11-29 08:38 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-29 11:04 +0000
Re: question about linker Ike Naar <ike@sdf.org> - 2024-11-29 12:06 +0000
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-11-29 14:28 +0200
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-29 13:33 +0000
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-11-29 16:15 +0200
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-11-29 17:42 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-29 18:26 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-11-29 12:35 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-29 21:52 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-11-29 15:44 -0800
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-11-30 00:55 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-11-29 17:02 -0800
Re: question about linker James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-11-29 20:38 -0500
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-11-30 19:08 +0200
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-03 11:31 -0800
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-01 14:50 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-01 14:23 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-01 16:50 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-01 20:12 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-02 11:30 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-02 12:24 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-02 16:24 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-02 19:23 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-02 19:12 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-02 22:16 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-02 21:53 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-03 15:34 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-03 15:47 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-03 19:02 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-03 18:42 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-04 10:02 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-04 15:09 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-04 21:55 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-04 21:31 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-05 15:00 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-05 16:15 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-05 15:29 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-06 16:41 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-06 18:41 +0000
Re: question about linker Ike Naar <ike@sdf.org> - 2024-12-06 19:14 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-06 19:27 +0000
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-06 22:30 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-06 15:17 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-07 00:30 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-06 18:01 -0800
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-07 16:57 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-07 16:52 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-07 18:58 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-07 19:02 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-07 22:00 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-07 21:18 +0000
Re: question about linker Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-12-07 23:13 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-07 15:50 -0800
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-11 08:52 -0800
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-08 11:52 +0100
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-08 22:52 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-09 18:35 +0100
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-10 12:10 +0000
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-05 03:11 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-05 16:46 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-05 17:42 +0000
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-05 18:30 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-05 19:27 +0000
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-05 20:21 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-05 21:46 +0000
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-05 21:55 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-06 00:41 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-06 18:49 +0100
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-06 18:47 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-06 19:20 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-07 17:06 +0100
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-10 13:56 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-10 17:16 +0100
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-10 20:05 +0000
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-10 20:12 +0000
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-10 21:32 +0000
Re: question about linker James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-12-10 20:25 -0500
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-11 01:32 +0000
Re: question about linker James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-12-11 23:38 -0500
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-12 06:07 +0100
Re: question about linker James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-12-12 14:39 -0500
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-12 21:27 +0100
Re: question about linker James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-12-12 20:31 -0500
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-13 14:10 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-13 13:47 +0000
Re: question about linker James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-12-13 12:24 -0500
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-03 21:51 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-04 00:15 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-04 11:00 +0100
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-04 10:54 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-04 16:55 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-04 21:57 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-04 22:48 +0000
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-05 15:45 +0200
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-05 15:43 +0000
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-05 22:30 +0200
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-06 19:04 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-06 22:26 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-07 17:17 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-07 16:57 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-07 19:06 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-07 22:12 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-08 11:57 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-02 21:58 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-03 15:33 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-02 19:58 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-02 21:00 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-02 18:27 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-02 22:06 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-02 22:11 +0000
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-03 00:27 +0200
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-04 02:04 +0000
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-04 12:29 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-04 15:46 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-04 15:09 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-05 00:10 +0000
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-05 03:23 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-01 16:37 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-30 00:57 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-11-29 17:28 -0800
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-11-30 04:25 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-30 11:59 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-01 10:36 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-01 11:52 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-01 16:08 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-01 16:42 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-02 18:32 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-02 18:13 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-02 20:02 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-02 19:57 +0000
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-02 17:23 -0800
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-03 16:00 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-03 15:20 +0000
Re: question about linker BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-12-03 19:09 -0600
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-03 17:19 -0800
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-03 16:36 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-03 16:09 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-03 16:09 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-03 17:35 +0100
Re: question about linker BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-12-03 12:57 -0600
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-03 20:27 +0100
Re: question about linker BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-12-03 14:49 -0600
Re: question about linker Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2024-12-04 02:22 +0000
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-04 08:04 -0800
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-04 11:45 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-04 16:49 +0000
Re: question about linker BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-12-04 13:21 -0600
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-04 20:33 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-04 00:56 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-04 11:51 +0100
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-04 16:57 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-04 17:43 +0000
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-04 18:43 +0000
Re: question about linker BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-12-04 13:54 -0600
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-05 07:16 -0800
Re: question about linker BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-12-05 14:10 -0600
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-05 15:09 -0800
Re: question about linker BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-12-05 17:32 -0600
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-04 15:29 -0800
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-04 23:34 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-04 20:23 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-04 20:47 +0000
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-04 22:31 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-04 23:21 +0000
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-04 23:30 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-05 13:42 +0100
Re: question about linker James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-11-30 09:10 -0500
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-30 17:59 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-01 10:47 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-30 11:46 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-30 14:44 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-11-30 04:13 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-11-30 04:03 +0100
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-01 12:34 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-01 12:03 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-01 15:34 +0100
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-01 18:57 +0200
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-01 19:33 +0100
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-03 17:42 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-04 11:26 +0100
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-04 10:54 +0000
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-04 13:56 +0200
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-04 13:15 +0100
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-04 15:36 +0200
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-04 14:45 +0100
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-04 19:42 -0800
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-01 14:04 -0800
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-02 11:42 +0100
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-03 17:14 -0800
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-03 17:30 -0800
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-04 13:35 +0200
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2025-01-18 18:48 -0800
Re: question about linker James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-12-12 19:59 -0500
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-13 09:13 +0100
Re: question about linker James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-12-13 14:13 -0500
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-11-30 16:57 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-30 17:38 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-11-30 20:17 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-01 15:49 +0100
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-11 05:37 +0000
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-11 11:18 +0200
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-11 11:57 +0000
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-11 16:26 +0200
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-11 16:15 +0100
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-11 19:22 +0200
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-11 21:35 +0100
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-12 00:26 +0200
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-12 09:27 +0100
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-12 14:13 +0200
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-12 19:30 +0000
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-11 23:33 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-11 16:04 -0800
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-11 16:10 +0100
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-11 16:03 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-12 15:03 +0100
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-12 14:37 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-12 16:20 +0100
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-12 18:17 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-12 22:18 +0100
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-12 22:12 +0000
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-13 14:20 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-13 17:29 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-13 18:26 +0100
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-13 18:42 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-13 19:16 +0100
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-13 17:41 +0000
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-14 04:36 +0000
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-14 12:24 +0000
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-14 13:47 +0000
Re: question about linker Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-12-03 11:15 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-03 12:34 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-03 16:24 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-03 17:12 +0100
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-04 13:08 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-04 20:47 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-04 21:01 +0000
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-05 00:41 +0200
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-05 07:13 -0800
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-05 14:57 -0800
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-04 14:58 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-04 23:57 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-04 16:19 -0800
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-05 12:15 +0100
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-05 06:33 -0800
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-05 11:59 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-05 11:54 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-05 15:45 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-06 12:28 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-07 12:44 +0100
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-07 06:51 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-07 16:15 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-05 14:01 -0800
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-04 22:59 +0000
Re: question about linker Opus <ifonly@youknew.org> - 2024-12-06 02:39 +0100
Re: question about linker Ike Naar <ike@sdf.org> - 2024-12-06 18:11 +0000
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-14 20:17 +0000
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-14 21:34 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-14 14:22 -0800
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-14 22:37 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-14 14:54 -0800
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-14 23:14 +0000
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-04 17:29 -0800
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-05 11:20 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-05 12:00 +0000
Re: question about linker Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-12-04 11:16 +0000
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-04 08:38 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-04 17:26 +0000
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-07 06:16 -0800
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-05 12:39 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-05 21:34 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-05 16:50 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-06 01:20 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-05 18:10 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-06 11:34 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-06 10:14 -0800
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-07 07:00 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-07 16:17 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-07 12:34 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-07 13:04 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-07 15:36 +0100
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-07 15:33 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-07 13:38 -0800
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-07 22:47 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-09 19:46 +0100
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-11 02:21 +0000
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-11 14:39 +0000
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-11 15:34 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-11 14:06 -0800
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-12 00:02 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-11 16:42 -0800
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-12 01:14 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-11 17:27 -0800
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-12 11:48 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-12 12:50 -0800
goto considered helpful (Was: question about linker) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-12 14:44 +0200
Re: goto considered helpful Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-12 13:50 -0800
Re: goto considered helpful Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2024-12-12 22:33 +0000
Re: goto considered helpful David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-13 09:50 +0100
Re: goto considered helpful bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-13 11:12 +0000
Re: goto considered helpful Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-13 14:39 +0200
Re: goto considered helpful David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-13 14:31 +0100
Re: goto considered helpful David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-13 14:19 +0100
Re: goto considered helpful bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-13 14:26 +0000
Re: goto considered helpful David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-13 17:52 +0100
Re: goto considered helpful Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-13 10:11 -0800
Re: goto considered helpful scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-13 14:16 +0000
Re: goto considered helpful Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-13 14:50 +0100
Re: goto considered helpful (Was: question about linker) Rosario19 <Ros@invalid.invalid> - 2024-12-20 13:52 +0100
Re: goto considered helpful (Was: question about linker) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-20 15:27 +0200
Re: goto considered helpful (Was: question about linker) Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-24 09:05 -0800
Re: goto considered helpful (Was: question about linker) Rosario19 <Ros@invalid.invalid> - 2024-12-26 13:33 +0100
Re: goto considered helpful (Was: question about linker) Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-28 09:29 -0800
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-12 06:54 -0800
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-11 17:24 +0100
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-12 12:11 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-12 15:56 +0100
Re: question about linker Ike Naar <ike@sdf.org> - 2024-12-11 08:43 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-11 16:28 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-11 17:46 +0100
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-12 02:31 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-11 17:30 +0100
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-11 17:47 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-11 17:51 +0100
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-11 17:20 +0000
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-11 21:46 +0100
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-11 21:19 +0000
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-12 00:03 +0200
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-12 11:08 +0100
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-23 16:02 -0800
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-12 05:50 +0100
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-11 21:35 -0800
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-12 12:38 +0100
Re: question about linker James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-12-18 16:04 -0500
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-19 01:35 +0100
Re: question about linker James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-12-19 06:39 -0500
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-19 14:58 +0000
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-12 12:29 +0000
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-12 07:01 -0800
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-12-11 21:36 +0100
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-11 13:59 +0000
Re: question about linker Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-07 14:57 +0000
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-07 16:19 +0100
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-07 16:28 +0100
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-07 13:44 -0800
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-07 13:58 -0800
Re: question about linker scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-12-07 22:15 +0000
Re: question about linker antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2024-12-11 22:51 +0000
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-12-11 15:12 -0800
Re: question about linker bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-12-12 00:52 +0000
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-07 06:38 -0800
Re: question about linker Janis Papanagnou <janis_papanagnou+ng@hotmail.com> - 2024-12-01 10:55 +0100
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-12-04 19:33 -0800
Re: question about linker Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-11-30 09:54 -0800
Re: question about linker Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-12-01 18:47 +0200
Re: question about linker David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-11-29 17:34 +0100
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-11-28 12:33 -0800
Re: question about linker Thiago Adams <thiago.adams@gmail.com> - 2024-11-29 09:30 -0300
Re: question about linker Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-11-29 12:53 -0800
Re: question about linker Thiago Adams <thiago.adams@gmail.com> - 2024-11-30 09:31 -0300
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