Re: Register windows

From	Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid>
Newsgroups	comp.arch
Subject	Re: Register windows
Date	2025-07-18 18:11 +0300
Organization	Tidorum Ltd
Message-ID	<mdv6hmFheagU1@mid.individual.net> (permalink)
References	(17 earlier) <1059sj8$16a8p$1@dont-email.me> <1059t3a$16euf$1@dont-email.me> <1059tti$16il5$1@dont-email.me> <f19813b55e635188c81f989aa63f0462@www.novabbs.org> <jwvldomkdua.fsf-monnier+comp.arch@gnu.org>

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On 2025-07-17 19:20, Stefan Monnier wrote:
>> The only good arguments I have heard wrt big architectural register
>> files has to do with things like Register-Windows and/or optimizing
>> CALL/RET interface.
> 
> But even there, it justifies only additional "second-class registers",
> i.e. where the set of immediately addressable registers can still be the
> same size as usual (e.g. 16 or 32), but you can quickly push some of
> those to some kind of "stack" and then pull them back in.
> IIRC the Mill had actually 2 categories of "second-class registers":
> the stack and the scratch registers.

As I understood the Mill (from a few years ago, possibly changed since):

The Mill "belt" (I assume this is what you call the "stack") corresponds 
to the "first-class registers": all computations take operands from the 
belt and push results to the belt. When a function is called, it sees a 
fresh belt with only its "in" arguments; when the function returns, it 
leaves its "out" results pushed on the belt that the caller sees.

The Mill "scratch" memory is a function-local piece of fast (on-chip) 
RAM, allocated on function entry and deallocated on return, with 
function-local addressing. It is like a register file in that it cannot 
be addressed indirectly, only by static (but function-local) addresses, 
but like a stack frame in being local to a function and having a 
variable size, depending on the function.

The necessary physical data transfers and renamings are handled by the 
"spiller" HW component which has internal fast data buffering and uses 
cache or main RAM if the internal buffering overflows.

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