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Wi‑Fi and Bluetooth not detected when booting Debian 13 from external SSD (USB‑C enclosure)

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Hello,

I installed Debian 13 (Trixie) on an internal SSD connected directly to an
ASUS PRIME B760-PLUS motherboard. The installation was fully successful:
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, firmware, kernel modules, updates and upgrades all worked
perfectly on that hardware.

After completing the installation, I moved the same SSD into a USB‑C
external
enclosure (Realtek RTL9210B‑CG) to use Debian as a portable system on my
ASUS
laptop.

The system boots fine from the external SSD, but Wi‑Fi and Bluetooth are
completely missing:

 - lspci shows no wireless device
 - lsusb shows no Bluetooth controller
 - rfkill shows nothing
 - dmesg contains no firmware loading attempts

When I put the SSD back into the original motherboard (ASUS PRIME
B760-PLUS),
Wi‑Fi and Bluetooth work normally. So the installation and firmware are
correct.

I have already tried:
 - installing firmware-iwlwifi, firmware-realtek and other firmware packages
 - full apt update and apt full-upgrade
 - reinstalling kernel modules
 - testing multiple kernels
 - disabling Secure Boot and Fast Boot
 - BIOS shows Wireless Interface as "Unlocked"

It seems that when Debian is booted from a USB‑C external SSD, the kernel
does
not enumerate internal PCIe devices (including the laptop’s Wi‑Fi/Bluetooth
card).

Question:
Is there any way to force Debian (or the kernel/bootloader/BIOS) to detect
internal PCIe devices when booting from an external SSD via USB‑C?

I am looking for a practical and permanent solution. Any help from
experienced
Debian users would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you.


-- 

Best regards,
Behrooz Kashaf Rashti

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Thread

Wi‑Fi and Bluetooth not detected when booting Debian 13 from external SSD (USB‑C enclosure) behrooz kashaf <b.kashaf@gmail.com> - 2026-05-17 23:00 +0200
  Re: Wi‑Fi and Bluetooth not detected when  booting Debian 13 from external SSD (USB‑C enclosure) Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-05-18 00:10 +0200
  Re: Wi‑Fi and Bluetooth not detected when booting Debian 13 from external SSD (USB‑C enclosure) David Christensen <dpchrist@holgerdanske.com> - 2026-05-18 08:10 +0200
    Re: Wi‑Fi and Bluetooth not detected when booting Debian 13 from external SSD (USB‑C enclosure) behrooz kashaf <b.kashaf@gmail.com> - 2026-05-19 09:40 +0200
      Re: Wi‑Fi and Bluetooth not detected when  booting Debian 13 from external SSD (USB‑C enclosure) Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-05-19 20:50 +0200

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