Groups | Search | Server Info | Keyboard shortcuts | Login | Register [http] [https] [nntp] [nntps]

Groups > comp.sys.apple2.programmer > #595 > unrolled thread

contiki questions

Back to article view | Back to comp.sys.apple2.programmer

Contents

  contiki questions barana <barana24@hotmail.com> - 2013-01-10 23:32 -0800
    Re: contiki questions ol.sc@web.de (Oliver Schmidt) - 2013-01-13 20:10 +0000
      Re: contiki questions gids.rs@sasktel.net - 2013-01-14 08:48 -0800
      Re: contiki questions ol.sc@web.de (Oliver Schmidt) - 2013-02-09 12:29 +0000
    Re: contiki questions gids.rs@sasktel.net - 2013-02-09 06:20 -0800
      Re: contiki questions Michael J. Mahon <mjmahon@aol.com> - 2013-02-09 10:21 -0600

#595 — contiki questions

gday all:
these questions are aimed at oliver, but if you know or want to
discuss please chime in.

im cujrrently pouring over ocntiki source and dox to understand this
beast.

I see mentioned with contiki 1.3 posts here that contiki uses the /ram
disk. why and how does it use this device?
and.. does the a2 port use it also ?
im assuming as the kernal uip and ctk need to be together in the one
bank, oliver has used a workaround with /ram to utilize the other
64k ? or 1mb + cards

I see oliver isnt using the ctk for  2.5 a2.
im disecting and learning as I'd (still) like to eventually get ctk to
display the GUI drawing pixels on dhr screens instead of drawing by
characters.
does 1.3 ctk-draw. draw with  mousetext characters? I cant find the
source yet.

im hoping that when I get it. going I might be able to mix mousetext
with dhr screens, or implement a character plotting draw with dhr
pixels so old GUI apps can still work on 2.5.
thanks for you replies,barana.

[toc] | [next] | [standalone]

#597

Hi,

>I see mentioned with contiki 1.3 posts here that contiki uses the /ram
>disk. why and how does it use this device?

Checkout section "2. Memory Layout" of the readme.txt down below.

>and.. does the a2 port use it also ?

I don't know what you are refering to with "a2 port".

>im assuming as the kernal uip and ctk need to be together in the one
>bank, oliver has used a workaround with /ram to utilize the other
>64k ? or 1mb + cards

Checkout section "2. Memory Layout" of the readme.txt down below.

>I see oliver isnt using the ctk for  2.5 a2.

I don't know what you are refering to with "2.5 a2".

>im disecting and learning as I'd (still) like to eventually get ctk to
>display the GUI drawing pixels on dhr screens instead of drawing by
>characters.

Making use of the full 128kB this is of course theoretically possible
but I'd _really_ wonder if someone should turn out to be both able and
willing to pull that off...

>does 1.3 ctk-draw. draw with  mousetext characters?

Yes.

>I cant find the source yet.

Unfortunately it's currently not publicly available. I'll try to
change that. Most likely it show up on
http://hitmen.c02.at/html/tools_contiki.html

In the meantime I could send it to if you send my a PM.

>im hoping that when I get it. going I might be able to mix mousetext
>with dhr screens, or implement a character plotting draw with dhr
>pixels so old GUI apps can still work on 2.5.

I can guarantee you that this is a huge effort if actually possible at
all. If you really feel like investing a _lot_ of effort into
combining TCP networking with a graphics GUI on an 8-bit Apple2 I'd
propose to start out with the Apple GEOS support in cc65 I'm currently
working on and create something like
http://lyonlabs.org/commodore/geoLink/geoLink.html
on the Apple2.

Just my two cents,
Oliver


----------readme.txt----------


Contiki on the Apple ][ (Oliver Schmidt)
========================================


Contiki for the Apple ][ comes in two variants:

1. 'Contiki40' runs in 40 column text mode and requires at least an
Apple ][+ with Language Card resulting in 64kB memory.

2. 'Contiki80' runs in 80 column text mode and requires at least an
enhanced Apple //e with Extended 80 Column Board resulting in 128kB
memory.
   
The remainder of this text describes Contiki80.


Installation
------------

1. Get the 'cc65 complete cross development package' from 06/01/2006
or later: http://www.cc65.org

2. Build the two targets apple2enh and programsenh.

3. Get the 'a2tools' by Terry Kyriacopoulos:
   ftp://ftp.apple.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/unsorted/a2tools.zip

4. Get the 'Apple][ ProDOS 8 system program for loading binary
programs': ftp://ftp.musoftware.de/pub/uz/cc65/contrib/loader-1.2.zip

5. Use the 'a2tools' to copy these files into a DOS 3.3 disk image:

   a2tools in b      dos33.dsk CONTIKI.SYSTEM loader~1.sys
   a2tools in -r b   dos33.dsk CONTIKI        contiki
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk A2E.STDMOU.MOU a2estd~1.mou
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk ABOUT.PRG      about.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk ABOUT.DSC      about.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk CALC.PRG       calc.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk CALC.DSC       calc.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk CONFIG.PRG     config.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk CONFIGEDIT.PRG config~1.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk CONFIGEDIT.DSC config~1.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk DHCP.PRG       dhcp.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk DHCP.DSC       dhcp.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk DIRECTORY.PRG  direct~1.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk DIRECTORY.DSC  direct~1.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk EMAIL.PRG      email.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk EMAIL.DSC      email.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk FTP.PRG        ftp.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk FTP.DSC        ftp.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk IRC.PRG        irc.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk IRC.DSC        irc.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk MEMSTAT.PRG    memstat.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk MEMSTAT.DSC    memstat.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk PROCESSES.PRG  proces~1.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk PROCESSES.DSC  proces~1.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk SHELL.PRG      shell.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk SHELL.DSC      shell.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk TELNET.PRG     telnet.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk TELNET.DSC     telnet.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk WEBSERVER.PRG  webser~1.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk WEBSERVER.DSC  webser~1.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk WELCOME.PRG    welcome.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk WGET.PRG       wget.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk WGET.DSC       wget.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk WWW.PRG        www.prg
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk WWW.DSC        www.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk LANCEGS.DRV    lancegs.drv
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk LANCEGS.DSC    lancegs.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk UTHER.DRV      uther.drv
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk UTHER.DSC      uther.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk BOUNCE.SAV     bounce.sav
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk BOUNCE.DSC     bounce.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk PLASMA.SAV     plasma.sav
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk PLASMA.DSC     plasma.dsc
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk SSFIRE.SAV     ssfire.sav
   a2tools in b.0000 dos33.dsk SSFIRE.DSC     ssfire.dsc


6. Use any ProDOS 8 file utility program capable of reading DOS 3.3
files to copy the files from the DOS 3.3 disk to a ProDOS 8 disk.


7. Use BASIC.SYSTEM to convert the loader from a BIN to a SYS file:

   BLOAD  CONTIKI.SYSTEM
   DELETE CONTIKI.SYSTEM
   CREATE CONTIKI.SYSTEM,TSYS
   BSAVE  CONTIKI.SYSTEM,TSYS,A$2000,L465


Usage
-----

Select CONTIKI.SYSTEM from the ProDOS 8 dispatcher or use
BASIC.SYSTEM:

   - CONTIKI.SYSTEM

1. CONTIKI.SYSTEM supports the ProDOS 8 startup file protocol. The
startup file will be initially launched instead of WELCOME.PRG.

   The startup file support allows to open *.PRG files from the GS/OS
finder:
   
   a) Give your Contiki disk the volume name /CONTIKI
   b) Copy contiki.icon to /CONTIKI/ICONS/CONTIKI.ICON
   c) Set the filetype of CONTIKI.ICON to $CA aka ICN
   d) Set the filetype of the *.PRG files to $FE aka REL
   
2. Contiki includes mouse support for the AppleMouse II Card, the
Apple //c and the Apple IIgs. All slots are searched for mouse
firmware but if non is found the mouse support is silently turned off.
   
   IIgs ROM 3 users: Make sure to have set 'Slot 4' in the 'Control
Panel' to 'Mouse Port' although this isn't necessary for GS/OS.


Implementation Notes
--------------------

1. File I/O

   Contiki loads programs, drivers and screensavers from disk using
ProDOS 8. The ProDOS 8 file I/O library in the cc65 C-library is to
large to be used to load WWW.PRG into a 64k Apple ][. Fortunately
WWW.PRG itself does no file I/O but delegates that to WGET.PRG which
is a lot smaller than WWW.PRG. so the solution is to have two
different file I/O libaries.
   
   The first one is as small as possible and is only capable of
reading one file at a time and only from the directory CONTIKI resides
in. It is part of the Contiki kernel and thus called
'KernelFileSystem' (kfs). ProDOS 8 needs a 1kB I/O buffer aligned to a
page boundary for every opoen file. The one and only I/O buffer
necessary for fks is placed at $0800-$0BFF and serves as buffer for
incoming/outgoing IP data as well.
   
   The other one which is called 'ContikiFileSystem' (cfs) is mapped
to the existing cc65 C-library and linked into the programs (like
WGET.PRG).
   
2. Memory Layout

   The Contiki memory layout is based on the standard cc65 layout
which means that the binary is loaded to the lowest available address
($0C00 here) and contains the CODE, RODATA and DATA segments. The BSS
segment is located directly above those and set to zero
programatically. The cc65 stack (not to be confused with the 6502
stack at $0100-$01FF) starts at the highest available address and
grows downwards. The heap is located between the BSS and the stack.
   
   But to satisfy the memory requirements of the larger Contiki
programs several modifications were necessary:
   
   Generally it's very hard to make use of memory mapping for an event
driven system like Contiki but the Apple //e allows to map only 8kB of
Aux memory to the address space $2000-$3FFF to facilitate double hires
graphics. This feature is accompanied by ProDOS 8 which allows to keep
/RAM generally active while doing double hires graphics by saving a
8kB file as first file to /RAM and thus preserving $2000-$3FFF of Aux
memory. Contiki makes use of all this double hires support while just
staying in text mode and using the 8kB as additional memory.

   The additional 8kB are used to store the code of the uIP TCP/IP
stack. They are mapped in both on calls from the Contiki event kernel
to the TCP/IP stack process (poll and event handler) and calls to the
uIP API from programs. Most of the time the 8kB are just kept mapped
in when the uIP code calls other code. This is possible because the
only memory not reachable from the uIP code are the corresponding 8kB
of Main memory - and the Contiki kernel objects are linked in an order
which makes only CTK code (which is never called by uIP code) use that
8kB of Main memory. The only call from uIP code that triggers mapping
out the 8kB of Aux memory is the uIP upcall into a program for
processing incoming IP data as some program may potentially call CTK
code while processing that data.

   Beside that Contiki makes use of the Language Card bank 2 to store
the code of the C-libary. Most of this 4 kB can be considered free
although officially marked as reserved by ProDOS 8. Only $D100-$D3FF
are actually used to store the ProDOS 8 dispatcher. As it is only used
after terminating Contiki it can be saved to /RAM on startup and
restored from there while cleanup.

   The code doing all that code relocation gets overwritten on setting
the BSS segment to zero. The code doing this (and the C-library
initialization) gets overwritten later by the heap content.
   
eof

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]

#599

> >im hoping that when I get it. going I might be able to mix mousetext
> 
> >with dhr screens, or implement a character plotting draw with dhr
> 
> >pixels so old GUI apps can still work on 2.5.
> 



Already done.  If you do not want to reinvent the wheel, I have the routines that draws to dbl-hi-res screens and a font that includes all the mousetext characters.  The routine is quite short, 128 bytes and each font loaded is $300 bytes.

It is as simple as printing to the text screen and you can change between multiple fonts.  Send me an email if you want the routines and fonts.

Rob

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]

#636

Hi,

>Unfortunately it's currently not publicly available. I'll try to
>change that. Most likely it show up on
>http://hitmen.c02.at/html/tools_contiki.html

Done...
http://hitmen.c02.at/files/contiki/apple2/contiki-1.3.zip

Regards,
Oliver

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]

#637

> im hoping that when I get it. going I might be able to mix mousetext
> with dhr screens, or implement a character plotting draw with dhr
> pixels so old GUI apps can still work on 2.5.
> thanks for you replies,barana.


This is not necessary, as there are already fonts that display mousetext characters on a dbl-hirres screen.  And the drawing routine is quite small and simple itself.

Rob

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]

#638

<gids.rs@sasktel.net> wrote:
>> im hoping that when I get it. going I might be able to mix mousetext
>> with dhr screens, or implement a character plotting draw with dhr
>> pixels so old GUI apps can still work on 2.5.
>> thanks for you replies,barana.
> 
> 
> This is not necessary, as there are already fonts that display mousetext
> characters on a dbl-hirres screen.  And the drawing routine is quite
> small and simple itself.

I assume that the problem is giving up the hi-res RAM area, not code space.
8K of main RAM is quite a hit. 

-michael - NadaNet 3.1 and AppleCrate II: http://home.comcast.net/~mjmahon

[toc] | [prev] | [standalone]

Back to top | Article view | comp.sys.apple2.programmer

csiph-web