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Re: which a is used?

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On Mon, Sep 24, 2012 at 9:18 PM, Steven D'Aprano
<steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> wrote:
> On Mon, 24 Sep 2012 16:43:24 -0700, Jayden wrote:
>
>> Dear All,
>>
>> I have a simple code as follows:
>>
>> # Begin
>> a = 1
>>
>> def f():
>>     print a
>>Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid>
>> def g():
>>     a = 20
>>     f()
>>
>> g()
>> #End
>>
>> I think the results should be 20, but it is 1. Would you please tell me
>> why?
>
> You are expecting "dynamic scoping", Python uses "static scoping" (or
> lexical scoping). With lexical scoping, you can reason about the
> behavioPaul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid>ur of a function by knowing only how and where it is defined. The
> caller is irrelevant.
>
> Since fuPaul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid>nction f is defined globally, and does not have its own local
> variable a, it will always see the global variable a no matter where it
> is called. So when you call f() from inside g(), f prints 1, the global
> a, not 20, g's local a.
>
> While dynamic scoping has its uses, it is more tricky to use correctly.
> One can no longer understand the behaviour of a function just by reading
> the funcPaul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid>tion's own code, knowing where and how it is defined. You also
> need to know where it is called. A function f that works perfectly when
> you call it from functions g, h, k, ... will suddenly misbehave (crash,
> or worse, behave wrongly) when called from function v because v
> accidentally changes some global variable that f relies on.
>
> This is especially a danger for Python, because built-in functions like
> len, chr, ord, print (version 3 only), and many others are all global
> variables.
>
> (Technically, they are in a third scope, the builtins, but that's
> equivalent to being global.)
>

But within a class this is could be defined as self.x within the
functions and changed, correct?


class a():
	def __init__(self,a):
		self.a = a

	def f(self):
		print self.a

	def g(self):
		self.a = 20
		print self.a


a = a(1)
a.f()
a.g()


> --
> Steven
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



-- 
Best Regards,
David Hutto
CEO: http://www.hitwebdevelopment.com

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Thread

which a is used? Jayden <jayden.shui@gmail.com> - 2012-09-24 16:43 -0700
  Re: which a is used? Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-24 19:57 -0400
  Re: which a is used? Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-24 20:06 -0400
  Re: which a is used? alex23 <wuwei23@gmail.com> - 2012-09-24 17:08 -0700
    Re: which a is used? Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-24 21:13 -0400
      Re: which a is used? alex23 <wuwei23@gmail.com> - 2012-09-24 19:14 -0700
        Re: which a is used? Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-24 22:37 -0400
          Re: which a is used? Thomas Rachel <nutznetz-0c1b6768-bfa9-48d5-a470-7603bd3aa915@spamschutz.glglgl.de> - 2012-09-25 07:07 +0200
            Re: which a is used? Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-25 01:30 -0400
              Re: which a is used? alex23 <wuwei23@gmail.com> - 2012-09-25 05:48 -0700
            Re: which a is used? Mark Lawrence <breamoreboy@yahoo.co.uk> - 2012-09-25 08:44 +0100
            Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) D'Arcy Cain <darcy@druid.net> - 2012-09-25 09:53 -0400
            Re: Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) David Robinow <drobinow@gmail.com> - 2012-09-25 21:00 -0400
            Re: Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-26 03:06 -0400
              Re: Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) alex23 <wuwei23@gmail.com> - 2012-09-26 17:40 -0700
                Re: Stop feeding the trolls Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au> - 2012-09-27 13:06 +1000
                Re: Stop feeding the trolls Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-27 23:39 -0400
                Re: Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-27 23:47 -0400
                Re: Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2012-09-28 14:40 +1000
                Re: Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-28 00:50 -0400
                Re: Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) "Littlefield, Tyler" <tyler@tysdomain.com> - 2012-09-27 23:12 -0600
                Re: Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-28 01:21 -0400
                Re: Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) rusi <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2012-09-27 22:51 -0700
                Re: Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-28 02:20 -0400
            Re: Stop feeding the trolls (Was: which a is used?) Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-26 03:07 -0400
        Re: which a is used? "Colin J. Williams" <cjw@ncf.ca> - 2012-09-25 08:52 -0400
      Re: which a is used? Thomas Rachel <nutznetz-0c1b6768-bfa9-48d5-a470-7603bd3aa915@spamschutz.glglgl.de> - 2012-09-25 07:06 +0200
        Re: which a is used? Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-25 01:22 -0400
          Re: which a is used? Thomas Rachel <nutznetz-0c1b6768-bfa9-48d5-a470-7603bd3aa915@spamschutz.glglgl.de> - 2012-09-25 07:39 +0200
    Re: which a is used? Terry Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu> - 2012-09-25 01:05 -0400
  Re: which a is used? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2012-09-25 01:18 +0000
    Re: which a is used? Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-24 21:47 -0400
      Re: which a is used? Thomas Rachel <nutznetz-0c1b6768-bfa9-48d5-a470-7603bd3aa915@spamschutz.glglgl.de> - 2012-09-25 07:06 +0200
    Re: which a is used? Dwight Hutto <dwightdhutto@gmail.com> - 2012-09-24 21:50 -0400
  Re: which a is used? Alain Ketterlin <alain@dpt-info.u-strasbg.fr> - 2012-09-25 11:30 +0200

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