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Re: Assignment Versus Equality

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From Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com>
Newsgroups comp.lang.python
Subject Re: Assignment Versus Equality
Date Wed, 29 Jun 2016 18:09:42 +1000
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On Wed, Jun 29, 2016 at 4:45 PM, Steven D'Aprano
<steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> wrote:
> On Wednesday 29 June 2016 15:51, Lawrence D’Oliveiro wrote:
>
>> On Wednesday, June 29, 2016 at 5:26:46 PM UTC+12, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>>> BUT in Python 3, the distinction between int and long is gone by dropping
>>> int and renaming long as "int". So all Python ints are BIGNUMs.
>>
>> I don’t understand what the problem is with this. Is there supposed to be
>> some issue with performance? Because I can’t see it.
>
> If there is a performance hit, it's probably pretty small. It may have been
> bigger back in Python 3.0 or 3.1.
>
> [steve@ando ~]$ python2.7 -m timeit -s "n = 0" "for i in xrange(10000): n += i"
> 100 loops, best of 3: 1.87 msec per loop
>
> [steve@ando ~]$ python3.3 -m timeit -s "n = 0" "for i in range(10000): n += i"
> 1000 loops, best of 3: 1.89 msec per loop
>
>
> Although setting debugging options does make it pretty slow:
>
> [steve@ando ~]$ python/python-dev/3.6/python -m timeit -s "n = 0" "for i in
> range(10000): n += i"
> 100 loops, best of 3: 13.7 msec per loop

That's not necessarily fair - you're comparing two quite different
Python interpreters, so there might be something entirely different
that counteracts the integer performance. (For example: You're
creating and disposing of large numbers of objects, so the performance
of object creation could affect things hugely.) To make it somewhat
fairer, add long integer performance to the mix. Starting by redoing
your test:

rosuav@sikorsky:~$ python2.7 -m timeit -s "n = 0" "for i in
xrange(10000): n += i"
10000 loops, best of 3: 192 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~$ python2.7 -m timeit -s "n = 1<<100" "for i in
xrange(10000): n += i"
1000 loops, best of 3: 478 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~$ python3.4 -m timeit -s "n = 0" "for i in
range(10000): n += i"
1000 loops, best of 3: 328 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~$ python3.4 -m timeit -s "n = 1<<100" "for i in
range(10000): n += i"
1000 loops, best of 3: 337 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~$ python3.5 -m timeit -s "n = 0" "for i in
range(10000): n += i"
1000 loops, best of 3: 369 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~$ python3.5 -m timeit -s "n = 1<<100" "for i in
range(10000): n += i"
1000 loops, best of 3: 356 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~$ python3.6 -m timeit -s "n = 0" "for i in
range(10000): n += i"
1000 loops, best of 3: 339 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~$ python3.6 -m timeit -s "n = 1<<100" "for i in
range(10000): n += i"
1000 loops, best of 3: 343 usec per loop

(On this system, python3.4 and python3.5 are Debian-shipped builds of
CPython, and python3.6 is one I compiled from hg today. There's no
visible variance between them, but just in case. I don't have a
python3.3 on here for a fair comparison with your numbers, sorry.)

The way I read this, Python 2.7 is noticeably slower with bignums, but
visibly faster with machine words. Python 3, on the other hand, has
consistent performance whether the numbers fit within a machine word
or not - which is to be expected, since it uses bignums for all
integers. PyPy's performance shows an even more dramatic gap:

rosuav@sikorsky:~$ pypy -m timeit -s "n = 0" "for i in xrange(10000): n += i"
100000 loops, best of 3: 7.59 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~$ pypy -m timeit -s "n = 1<<100" "for i in
xrange(10000): n += i"
10000 loops, best of 3: 119 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~$ pypy --version
Python 2.7.10 (5.1.2+dfsg-1, May 17 2016, 18:03:30)
[PyPy 5.1.2 with GCC 5.3.1 20160509]

Sadly, Debian doesn't ship a pypy3 yet, so for consistency, I picked
up the latest available pypy2 and pypy3 from pypy.org.

rosuav@sikorsky:~/tmp$ pypy2-v5.3.1-linux64/bin/pypy -m timeit -s "n =
0" "for i in xrange(10000): n += i"
100000 loops, best of 3: 7.58 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~/tmp$ pypy2-v5.3.1-linux64/bin/pypy -m timeit -s "n =
1<<100" "for i in xrange(10000): n += i"
10000 loops, best of 3: 115 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~/tmp$ pypy3.3-v5.2.0-alpha1-linux64/bin/pypy3 -m
timeit -s "n = 0" "for i in range(10000): n += i"
100000 loops, best of 3: 7.56 usec per loop
rosuav@sikorsky:~/tmp$ pypy3.3-v5.2.0-alpha1-linux64/bin/pypy3 -m
timeit -s "n = 1<<100" "for i in range(10000): n += i"
10000 loops, best of 3: 115 usec per loop

Performance comparable to each other (and to the Debian-shipped one,
which is nice - as Adam Savage said, I love consistent data!), and
drastically different between machine words and bignums. So it looks
like PyPy *does* have some sort of optimization going on here, without
ever violating the language spec.

ChrisA

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Thread

Assignment Versus Equality Lawrence D’Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> - 2016-06-26 00:36 -0700
  Re: Assignment Versus Equality BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-06-26 11:48 +0100
    Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-26 23:21 +1000
      Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-26 07:26 -0700
        Re: Assignment Versus Equality Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed@ix.netcom.com> - 2016-06-26 11:31 -0400
      Re: Assignment Versus Equality Christopher Reimer <christopher_reimer@icloud.com> - 2016-06-26 11:47 -0700
      Re: Assignment Versus Equality Michael Torrie <torriem@gmail.com> - 2016-06-26 15:28 -0600
      Re: Assignment Versus Equality Bob Gailer <bgailer@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 08:22 -0400
        Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 05:48 -0700
          Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-27 23:28 +1000
            Re: Assignment Versus Equality Marko Rauhamaa <marko@pacujo.net> - 2016-06-27 16:58 +0300
            Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 07:23 -0700
              Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-28 11:05 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 21:31 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-28 15:42 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 16:04 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Marko Rauhamaa <marko@pacujo.net> - 2016-06-28 09:12 +0300
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Jussi Piitulainen <jussi.piitulainen@helsinki.fi> - 2016-06-28 11:04 +0300
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 23:09 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Lawrence D’Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 00:12 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 17:26 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Lawrence D’Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 01:49 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 20:34 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Lawrence D’Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 17:42 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Random832 <random832@fastmail.com> - 2016-06-28 10:13 -0400
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Marko Rauhamaa <marko@pacujo.net> - 2016-06-28 19:39 +0300
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Marko Rauhamaa <marko@pacujo.net> - 2016-06-28 19:41 +0300
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Random832 <random832@fastmail.com> - 2016-06-28 13:19 -0400
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Ian Kelly <ian.g.kelly@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 12:27 -0600
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Marko Rauhamaa <marko@pacujo.net> - 2016-06-28 22:40 +0300
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Gene Heskett <gheskett@shentel.net> - 2016-06-28 16:59 -0400
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2016-06-30 12:29 +1200
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-30 12:50 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Marko Rauhamaa <marko@pacujo.net> - 2016-06-30 09:22 +0300
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-29 12:27 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 20:52 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 21:03 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Random832 <random832@fastmail.com> - 2016-06-29 00:52 -0400
              Re: Assignment Versus Equality Lawrence D’Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 18:14 -0700
            Re: Assignment Versus Equality Gene Heskett <gheskett@shentel.net> - 2016-06-27 11:21 -0400
          Re: Assignment Versus Equality Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed@ix.netcom.com> - 2016-06-27 20:04 -0400
    Re: Assignment Versus Equality Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed@ix.netcom.com> - 2016-06-26 11:21 -0400
      Re: Assignment Versus Equality Cousin Stanley <HooDunnit@didly42KahZidly.net> - 2016-06-26 08:47 -0700
        Re: Assignment Versus Equality BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-06-26 16:56 +0100
          Re: Assignment Versus Equality Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2016-06-27 11:38 +1200
          Re: Assignment Versus Equality Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed@ix.netcom.com> - 2016-06-27 07:30 -0400
            Re: Assignment Versus Equality Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2016-06-28 18:17 +1200
          Re: Assignment Versus Equality Grant Edwards <grant.b.edwards@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 13:59 +0000
            Re: Assignment Versus Equality Marko Rauhamaa <marko@pacujo.net> - 2016-06-27 17:09 +0300
              Re: Assignment Versus Equality sohcahtoa82@gmail.com - 2016-06-27 17:33 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Marko Rauhamaa <marko@pacujo.net> - 2016-06-28 07:25 +0300
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 23:54 -0700
            Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 07:10 -0700
              Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-29 12:35 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2016-06-29 14:19 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Lawrence D’Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 21:51 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2016-06-29 15:07 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 22:55 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2016-06-29 16:26 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 23:33 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 23:37 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-29 15:26 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Lawrence D’Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> - 2016-06-28 22:51 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-29 16:45 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Lawrence D’Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> - 2016-06-29 01:07 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2016-06-29 18:09 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-29 22:36 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-06-29 14:24 +0100
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2016-06-29 23:35 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-06-29 15:47 +0100
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2016-06-29 23:34 +1000
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-06-29 10:49 +0100
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Lawrence D’Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> - 2016-06-29 02:56 -0700
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-06-29 11:10 +0100
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-29 03:24 -0700
            Re: Assignment Versus Equality Alain Ketterlin <alain@universite-de-strasbourg.fr.invalid> - 2016-06-27 16:48 +0200
              Re: Assignment Versus Equality Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 22:00 -0700
            Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-28 11:34 +1000
          Re: Assignment Versus Equality MRAB <python@mrabarnett.plus.com> - 2016-06-27 16:27 +0100
            Re: Assignment Versus Equality Lawrence D’Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 14:56 -0700
            Re: Assignment Versus Equality Lawrence D’Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 15:45 -0700
              Re: Assignment Versus Equality BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-06-28 00:08 +0100
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed@ix.netcom.com> - 2016-06-27 20:11 -0400
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-06-28 11:35 +0100
                Re: Assignment Versus Equality Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2016-06-28 18:59 +1200
            Re: Assignment Versus Equality Steven D'Aprano <steve@pearwood.info> - 2016-06-28 11:28 +1000
          Re: Assignment Versus Equality Grant Edwards <grant.b.edwards@gmail.com> - 2016-06-27 15:42 +0000
      Re: Assignment Versus Equality Marko Rauhamaa <marko@pacujo.net> - 2016-06-26 19:11 +0300
    Re: Assignment Versus Equality MRAB <python@mrabarnett.plus.com> - 2016-06-26 16:41 +0100
      Re: Assignment Versus Equality BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-06-26 17:08 +0100
    Re: Assignment Versus Equality Christopher Reimer <christopher_reimer@icloud.com> - 2016-06-26 11:53 -0700
      Re: Assignment Versus Equality Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2016-06-27 11:41 +1200
    Re: Assignment Versus Equality Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2016-06-27 11:22 +1200
      Re: Assignment Versus Equality BartC <bc@freeuk.com> - 2016-06-27 00:39 +0100
        Re: Assignment Versus Equality Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2016-06-28 18:15 +1200

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