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Re: An object is an instance (or not)?

From Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz>
Newsgroups comp.lang.python
Subject Re: An object is an instance (or not)?
Date 2015-01-28 23:33 +1300
Message-ID <cirs87F1tdrU2@mid.individual.net> (permalink)
References <MPG.2f320f923eedd5a69896a1@nntp.aioe.org> <mailman.18191.1422400930.18130.python-list@python.org> <MPG.2f3248ebaccae0069896a9@nntp.aioe.org> <mailman.18195.1422405040.18130.python-list@python.org> <MPG.2f324d0d46ba9afc9896ac@nntp.aioe.org>

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Mario Figueiredo wrote:
> I couldn't think of a way to 
> demonstrate that a class object does not participate in its own 
> inheritance rules. Only instances of it can.

I think I may see where your reasoning is going astray.
You think that an instance "inherits" methods from its
class in the same way that a subclass inherits methods
from its base class.

But thinking of the instance-class relationship as
an inheritance relationship is misleading. It's more
accurate to say that a class *defines* the methods
that its instances have. The class inherits methods
from its base class, but those methods still apply to
instances of the class, not the class itself.

That doesn't mean the class itself can't be given
methods, though. The methods of the class are defined
by its metaclass, and the metaclass inherits methods
from *its* base class, etc.

Here's a diagram:

+------+                  +------------+
| type |                  | base class |
+------+                  +------------+
    ^                           ^
    | subclass of               | subclass of
    |                           |
+-----------+              +-------+              +----------+
| metaclass |<-------------| class |<-------------| instance |
+-----------+  instance of +-------+  instance of +----------+

It should be clear from this that the relationship
between an instance and its class is exactly the same
as that between a class and its metaclass, including
inheritance relationships.

The diagram can be extended indefinitely far to the
left -- the metaclass could be an instance of a
meta-metaclass, etc. (Although there's an old standing
joke in the Python world that metaclasses make your
head explode, so I hate to think what a meta-metaclass
would do -- probably take out a whole floor of the
office building you work in. Meta-meta-metaclasses are
right out.)

-- 
Greg

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Thread

An object is an instance (or not)? Mario Figueiredo <marfig@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 21:12 +0100
  Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ethan Furman <ethan@stoneleaf.us> - 2015-01-27 12:36 -0800
  Re: An object is an instance (or not)? André Roberge <andre.roberge@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 12:50 -0800
    Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mario Figueiredo <marfig@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 22:06 +0100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? André Roberge <andre.roberge@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 13:38 -0800
        Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mario Figueiredo <marfig@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 22:43 +0100
          Re: An object is an instance (or not)? André Roberge <andre.roberge@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 13:49 -0800
            Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mario Figueiredo <marfig@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 22:58 +0100
              Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au> - 2015-01-28 09:32 +1100
                Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2015-01-28 18:55 +1100
                Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au> - 2015-01-28 22:20 +1100
              Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mark Lawrence <breamoreboy@yahoo.co.uk> - 2015-01-27 23:12 +0000
                Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mario Figueiredo <marfig@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 01:52 +0100
                Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Marko Rauhamaa <marko@pacujo.net> - 2015-01-28 07:25 +0200
                Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 21:53 -0800
                Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mark Lawrence <breamoreboy@yahoo.co.uk> - 2015-01-28 05:57 +0000
                Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mario Figueiredo <marfig@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 11:48 +0100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? random832@fastmail.us - 2015-01-28 00:37 -0500
        Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2015-01-28 19:45 +1100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Devin Jeanpierre <jeanpierreda@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 21:43 -0800
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? random832@fastmail.us - 2015-01-28 01:01 -0500
        Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 22:22 -0800
          Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au> - 2015-01-28 18:03 +1100
        Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2015-01-28 19:48 +1100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au> - 2015-01-28 17:59 +1100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2015-01-28 20:21 +1300
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au> - 2015-01-28 18:48 +1100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? random832@fastmail.us - 2015-01-28 12:08 -0500
        Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 18:29 -0800
  Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ned Batchelder <ned@nedbatchelder.com> - 2015-01-27 18:22 -0500
    Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mario Figueiredo <marfig@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 01:17 +0100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 11:30 +1100
        Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mario Figueiredo <marfig@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 01:35 +0100
          Re: An object is an instance (or not)? alex23 <wuwei23@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 14:44 +1000
          Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2015-01-28 23:33 +1300
            Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2015-01-28 22:52 +1100
              Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2015-01-29 19:22 +1300
                Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2015-01-29 18:16 +1100
                Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ian Kelly <ian.g.kelly@gmail.com> - 2015-01-29 08:48 -0700
                Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2015-01-30 22:07 +1300
                Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2015-01-31 10:45 +1100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ned Batchelder <ned@nedbatchelder.com> - 2015-01-27 21:21 -0500
        Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 18:52 -0800
        Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2015-01-28 20:16 +1100
          Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 21:01 +1100
            Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Rick Johnson <rantingrickjohnson@gmail.com> - 2015-01-29 14:22 -0800
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ian Kelly <ian.g.kelly@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 19:15 -0700
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2015-01-28 20:28 +1100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Gregory Ewing <greg.ewing@canterbury.ac.nz> - 2015-01-28 23:33 +1300
    Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Grant Edwards <invalid@invalid.invalid> - 2015-01-28 00:23 +0000
  Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au> - 2015-01-28 10:39 +1100
    Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mario Figueiredo <marfig@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 01:24 +0100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Ben Finney <ben+python@benfinney.id.au> - 2015-01-28 12:00 +1100
        Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mario Figueiredo <marfig@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 02:14 +0100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? alex23 <wuwei23@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 14:47 +1000
        Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 21:23 -0800
        Re: An object is an instance (or not)? random832@fastmail.us - 2015-01-28 00:44 -0500
          Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2015-01-28 20:21 +1100
      Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2015-01-28 20:17 +1100
    Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Steven D'Aprano <steve+comp.lang.python@pearwood.info> - 2015-01-28 20:09 +1100
  Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Chris Angelico <rosuav@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 10:42 +1100
    Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Mario Figueiredo <marfig@gmail.com> - 2015-01-28 01:31 +0100
  Re: An object is an instance (or not)? Rustom Mody <rustompmody@gmail.com> - 2015-01-27 18:11 -0800

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