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Paper: MileStone: A Multi-Objective Compiler Phase Ordering Framework for Graph-based IR-Level Optimization

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  Paper: MileStone: A Multi-Objective Compiler Phase Ordering Framework for Graph-based IR-Level Optimization John R Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-05-25 14:35 -0400

#3734 — Paper: MileStone: A Multi-Objective Compiler Phase Ordering Framework for Graph-based IR-Level Optimization

Another approach to do better optimizer phase ordering with reasonable efficency,
by two academics in Iran last year.

Abstract
Compiler phase ordering has a strong effect on program performance.
Finding an effective sequence of passes is still a difficult task because
the search space is large and execution time, code size and energy
consumption often conflict. Existing methods usually depend on fixed
optimization levels or limited heuristics and they rarely handle multiple
objectives at the same time. This paper presents MileStone, a modular
framework that models compiler phase ordering as a multi-objective
optimization problem. MileStone represents programs as graphs, predicts
performance metrics with a graph neural network and explores pass
sequences with a reinforcement-learning agent that follows user
constraints. The framework also builds a self-evolving database that
collects compiler transformations and improves prediction quality.
Experiments on standard benchmarks show that MileStone finds strong
Pareto-optimal solutions, meets energy limits more accurately than LLVM
optimization levels and other related techniques. MileStone reduces
execution time by up to 45 percent under the same energy budget using a
multi-objective approach. The results show that MileStone provides an
effective and scalable solution for multi-objective compiler phase
ordering.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23435

Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly

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