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Groups > comp.arch > #108284 > unrolled thread

Tonights Tradeoff

Started byRobert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com>
First post2024-09-06 22:27 -0400
Last post2025-11-13 07:24 +0000
Articles 20 on this page of 908 — 33 participants

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Contents

  Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-06 22:27 -0400
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-07 14:41 +0000
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-07 23:22 -0400
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-08 18:06 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-09 23:59 -0400
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-09-10 02:00 -0500
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-10 10:58 -0400
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-09-10 16:07 -0500
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-11 09:54 -0400
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2024-09-11 08:48 -0700
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-11 21:32 +0000
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-11 23:37 -0400
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-12 16:46 +0000
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-12 15:28 -0400
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-12 20:46 +0000
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-09-13 11:08 -0400
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-13 17:09 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-09-11 18:44 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-11 21:30 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-11 21:28 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-09-12 05:37 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-09-12 03:21 -0500
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-12 06:21 -0400
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-11 21:27 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-15 03:13 -0400
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-16 01:45 -0400
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-24 16:03 -0400
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-24 20:38 +0000
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-26 04:13 -0400
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-26 14:11 +0000
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-27 08:58 -0400
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-04 00:04 -0400
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-04 06:19 +0000
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-04 11:54 -0400
                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-05 09:43 +0000
                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-09 06:44 -0400
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-09 14:43 +0000
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-09 16:19 +0000
                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-09 15:37 -0400
                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 14:10 -0500
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 05:38 -0400
                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-12 18:50 +0000
                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 15:14 -0500
                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 18:20 -0400
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-12 23:28 +0000
                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - ATOM Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-13 02:46 -0400
                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - ATOM mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-13 18:19 +0000
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 20:36 -0500
                                              Page fetching cache controller Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-31 05:18 -0400
                                                Re: Page fetching cache controller mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-31 19:11 +0000
                                                Re: Q+ Fibonacci Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-11-05 23:30 -0500
                                                  Re: register sets Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-16 23:42 -0400
                                                    Re: register sets Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-04-16 23:26 -0700
                                                      Re: register sets scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-04-17 13:35 +0000
                                                        Re: register sets Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-17 14:24 -0400
                                                        Re: register sets mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-17 18:26 +0000
                                                          Re: register sets Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-17 21:56 -0400
                                                            Re: register sets mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-18 17:12 +0000
                                                              Re: register sets Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-20 02:44 -0400
                                                                Re: auto predicating branches Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-20 21:26 -0400
                                                                  Re: auto predicating branches anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-21 06:05 +0000
                                                                    Is an instruction on the critical path? (was: auto predicating branches) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-21 13:39 +0000
                                                                    Re: auto predicating branches mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-21 17:29 +0000
                                                                      Re: auto predicating branches anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-22 05:10 +0000
                                                                        Re: auto predicating branches EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-22 11:23 -0400
                                                                          Re: auto predicating branches anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-22 17:31 +0000
                                                                            Re: auto predicating branches mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-22 22:32 +0000
                                                                              Re: auto predicating branches Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-04-22 22:59 -0400
                                                                                Re: auto predicating branches anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-23 18:09 +0000
                                                                                  Re: auto predicating branches EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-24 10:10 -0400
                                                                                    Re: auto predicating branches mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-25 20:51 +0000
                                                                                Re: auto predicating branches EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-24 09:47 -0400
                                                                              Re: auto predicating branches anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-23 17:44 +0000
                                                                                Re: auto predicating branches mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-23 21:34 +0000
                                                                                  Re: asynch register rename Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-23 23:31 -0400
                                                                                    Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-27 07:36 -0400
                                                                                      Re: fractional PCs mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-27 20:53 +0000
                                                                                        Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-27 22:32 -0400
                                                                                          Re: fractional PCs EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-28 10:06 -0400
                                                                                            Re: fractional PCs EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-28 10:50 -0400
                                                                                            Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-28 22:35 -0400
                                                                                              Re: fractional PCs mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-29 21:39 +0000
                                                                                                Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-30 01:21 -0400
                                                                                                  Re: fractional PCs Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-04-30 18:09 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-30 19:00 -0400
                                                                                                    Re: fractional PCs EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-05-02 11:18 -0400
                                                                                                      Re: fractional PCs moi <findlaybill@blueyonder.co.uk> - 2025-05-02 17:03 +0100
                                                                                                        Re: fractional PCs EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-05-02 13:22 -0400
                                                                                                          Re: fractional PCs moi <findlaybill@blueyonder.co.uk> - 2025-05-02 20:01 +0100
                                                                                                        Re: millicode, extracode, fractional PCs John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-05-02 17:26 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: millicode, extracode, fractional PCs moi <findlaybill@blueyonder.co.uk> - 2025-05-02 20:00 +0100
                                                                                                  Re: fractional PCs mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-30 19:04 +0000
                                                                                          Re: fractional PCs mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-28 22:02 +0000
                                                                                            Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-28 22:00 -0400
                                                                                              Re: control co-processor Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-05-05 00:40 -0400
                                                                                                Re: control co-processor Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-05-05 03:01 -0700
                                                                                                  Re: control co-processor scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-05-05 13:46 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: control co-processor Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-05-05 10:02 -0400
                                                                                                      Re: control co-processor scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-05-05 16:19 +0000
                                                                                                        Scan chains (was: control co-processor) Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-05-06 23:12 -0400
                                                                                                          Re: Scan chains (was: control co-processor) Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-05-06 21:08 -0700
                                                                                                            Re: Scan chains Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-05-07 10:58 -0400
                                                                                                          Re: Scan chains mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-05-07 16:57 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Scan chains Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-05-07 15:03 -0400
                                                                                                              Re: Scan chains mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-05-08 01:04 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Scan chains mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-07-15 17:21 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: control co-processor mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-05-06 22:17 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: control co-processor EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-05-06 19:58 -0400
                                                                                                          Re: control co-processor mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-05-07 16:44 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: control co-processor mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-07-15 17:09 +0000
                                                                                Re: auto predicating branches EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-25 13:19 -0400
                                                                            Re: auto predicating branches EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-24 08:54 -0400
                                                                        Re: auto predicating branches mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-22 16:45 +0000
                                                        Re: register sets John Savard <quadibloc@invalid.invalid> - 2025-07-15 04:56 +0000
                                                          Re: register sets mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-07-15 17:16 +0000
                                                            Re: register sets Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-07-19 08:18 -0400
                                                              Re: register sets anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-07-19 16:37 +0000
                                                                Re: register sets mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-07-19 20:02 +0000
                                                    Re: register sets John Savard <quadibloc@invalid.invalid> - 2025-07-15 04:49 +0000
                                                      Re: register sets scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-07-15 14:10 +0000
                                                      Re: register sets mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-07-15 17:14 +0000
                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-10-15 09:49 -0400
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-13 16:43 +0000
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-04 12:28 -0500
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-05 23:02 +0000
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-28 23:52 -0400
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-10-29 00:14 -0700
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 08:41 -0400
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 08:50 -0400
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 13:04 -0500
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-10-29 17:44 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-10-29 11:29 -0700
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-10-29 22:31 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-30 16:10 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-30 12:29 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-10-30 16:46 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-10-30 23:39 +0200
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-10-30 22:19 +0000
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-10-31 00:57 +0200
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-10-31 14:48 +0000
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-31 13:21 -0500
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-31 14:32 -0500
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 02:21 -0600
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 10:06 -0500
                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 14:58 -0600
                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 16:56 -0500
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 17:21 -0600
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-10-31 21:12 +0100
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-30 22:00 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-01 19:18 +0000
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 04:29 -0500
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-29 18:47 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-10-29 13:05 -0700
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-29 21:52 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 15:58 -0500
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 18:26 -0400
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 18:48 -0500
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-10-29 18:15 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 14:02 -0500
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 18:01 -0400
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-10-30 07:13 +0000
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-10-30 13:53 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-10-30 17:58 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-30 22:06 +0000
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-29 18:33 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 18:20 -0400
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-30 16:09 +0000
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-10-31 21:09 +0100
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-01 18:19 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-01 21:08 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-02 11:36 +0100
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-02 15:56 +0200
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-02 16:09 +0100
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-02 18:14 +0200
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-02 20:19 +0100
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-03 15:22 +0000
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-03 11:53 -0600
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-03 23:04 +0200
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-04 15:19 +0000
                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-04 17:41 +0200
                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-04 17:12 +0000
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 20:16 +0100
                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-04 07:47 -0800
                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 16:52 +0100
                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-04 18:54 +0200
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 20:13 +0100
                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-04 21:07 +0000
                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 22:52 +0100
                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-05 11:18 +0200
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-05 15:42 +0100
                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-04 22:51 +0000
                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-04 23:43 -0600
                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-05 07:13 +0000
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 09:25 -0500
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 20:53 +0000
                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-06 17:44 +0000
                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-05 11:21 +0200
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 10:15 -0600
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:06 +0000
                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-06 11:24 +0200
                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-06 13:11 -0600
                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-07 14:28 -0600
                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-07 22:57 +0000
                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-07 20:23 -0600
                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-07 22:18 -0500
                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - PI as decimal float Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-08 00:34 -0500
                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - PI as decimal float BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-08 01:30 -0600
                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-08 11:28 +0000
                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-09 17:22 -0600
                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-10 02:12 +0000
                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-10 03:40 -0600
                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-10 06:30 +0000
                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-10 08:16 +0100
                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-10 13:54 -0600
                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-11 00:08 +0200
                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-10 21:25 -0600
                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-11 12:02 +0200
                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-11 04:44 -0600
                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-11 14:03 +0200
                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-11 21:34 -0600
                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-12 11:47 +0200
                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 09:24 +0000
                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-13 12:18 +0200
                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 18:09 +0000
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-13 20:40 +0000
                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 21:50 +0000
                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-13 22:13 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-01-26 20:00 -0500
                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-01-28 02:10 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-01 17:51 +0100
                                                                                      Re: Interruptible instructions, was Tonights Tradeoff John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-01-28 04:47 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Interruptible instructions, was Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-01-28 07:34 -0800
                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-01-28 15:34 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-04 22:31 -0500
                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-05 19:02 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-02-05 14:35 -0800
                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-08 18:22 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-09 19:33 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-09 21:18 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-18 15:51 -0600
                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-02-10 17:53 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2026-02-10 14:13 -0500
                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-02-11 15:05 +0100
                                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2026-02-12 10:27 -0500
                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-02-06 15:54 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-16 20:05 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-02-19 08:02 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-19 05:53 -0600
                                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-02-19 19:59 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-19 17:04 -0600
                                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-20 15:14 +0100
                                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-02-19 23:10 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-20 00:06 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-02-19 22:35 -0500
                                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-21 18:41 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-21 20:38 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-22 13:37 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: IA64 and VLIW, Tonights Tradeoff John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-02-22 03:00 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: IA64 and VLIW, Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-22 09:16 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: IA64 and VLIW, Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-22 19:20 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-02-22 11:51 -0500
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-02-22 20:14 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-22 23:08 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-02-23 01:32 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-23 06:55 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-02-23 21:22 +0000
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-24 10:41 +0100
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2026-03-01 21:12 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-03 11:22 -0500
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-03-03 20:19 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-20 15:29 -0600
                                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-20 23:49 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-21 01:00 -0600
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-21 20:15 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-21 14:59 -0600
                                                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-21 22:56 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-24 17:32 -0600
                                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-02-22 21:52 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-26 14:54 -0600
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-27 19:27 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-02-27 19:57 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-27 16:14 -0600
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-27 17:01 -0600
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-28 16:57 +0100
                                                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-02-28 17:36 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-01 12:18 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-01 19:19 +0100
                                                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-01 20:24 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Andy Valencia <vandys@vsta.org> - 2026-03-01 07:55 -0800
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-28 16:41 +0100
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-18 05:38 -0500
                                                                                                    IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-21 16:18 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-21 20:28 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-22 13:17 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-22 17:05 +0200
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-23 08:06 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-23 13:03 +0200
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-24 10:46 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-02-24 12:30 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-24 18:26 +0200
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-25 08:17 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-23 13:44 +0200
                                                                                                                large binary array searches (was: IA-64) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-24 09:50 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: large binary array searches (was: IA-64) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-24 17:23 +0200
                                                                                                                    Re: large binary array searches (was: IA-64) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-24 17:30 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: large binary array searches (was: IA-64) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-24 22:22 +0200
                                                                                                                      Re: large binary array searches (was: IA-64) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-25 15:07 +0200
                                                                                                                        Re: large binary array searches (was: IA-64) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-25 18:32 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-02-23 21:33 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-02-23 10:14 -0800
                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-24 11:25 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-02-24 07:51 -0800
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-25 07:33 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-02-26 09:08 -0800
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-27 09:52 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-02-28 10:08 -0800
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-01 21:13 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-03 09:15 -0800
                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-03 17:37 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-03 09:53 -0800
                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-03 19:01 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-03 11:35 -0800
                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-03 21:55 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-04 07:44 -0800
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-04 15:57 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-04 20:06 +0200
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-04 20:15 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-06 14:06 -0600
                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-07 01:49 +0000
                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-07 15:03 -0600
                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-08 00:28 +0200
                                                                                                                                          Re: Page size in root pointer Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 05:16 -0400
                                                                                                                                            Re: Page size in root pointer MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-08 20:54 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Page size in root pointer BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 16:37 -0500
                                                                                                                                            Re: Page size in root pointer Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-09 04:50 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Page size in root pointer Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-09 03:01 -0400
                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-08 12:13 +0100
                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-08 13:37 +0200
                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-08 15:10 +0100
                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-08 18:30 +0200
                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-08 19:39 +0100
                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-08 21:03 +0200
                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-08 18:59 +0000
                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 14:34 -0500
                                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-15 16:09 +0000
                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-03-17 01:11 +0000
                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-17 21:39 +0000
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-17 21:57 +0000
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-03-17 23:27 +0000
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-17 20:38 -0400
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-17 21:00 -0400
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-18 15:56 +0000
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-18 17:30 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-18 15:51 -0500
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-18 21:41 +0000
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-18 21:49 +0000
                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-17 19:20 +0000
                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-17 15:48 -0400
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-17 21:51 +0000
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-17 18:06 -0400
                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-18 15:14 -0500
                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-19 22:14 +0000
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-20 04:49 -0500
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Torbjorn Lindgren <tl@none.invalid> - 2026-03-20 14:03 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-20 17:04 +0200
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-20 16:26 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-20 17:31 +0200
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-20 18:56 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-20 16:20 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-20 14:39 -0500
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-21 15:20 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-21 13:31 -0500
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-21 13:47 -0500
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-22 13:05 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-20 19:35 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-20 15:09 -0500
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-21 15:35 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-21 23:51 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-22 02:48 +0200
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-22 13:20 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-22 15:34 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-22 16:59 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-22 13:10 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-22 16:34 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-23 11:14 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-20 21:19 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-21 18:52 +0200
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-21 18:44 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-22 00:54 +0200
                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-08 21:08 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-08 10:56 -0400
                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-08 12:53 -0400
                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-08 19:43 +0100
                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-08 21:18 +0000
                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 17:06 -0500
                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-08 17:18 -0400
                                                                                                                                                  multi-bit per cell RAM (was: IA-64) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-09 08:04 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 14:19 -0500
                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-04 18:51 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Torbjorn Lindgren <tl@none.invalid> - 2026-03-05 12:57 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-27 18:55 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-02-28 21:49 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-02 17:12 -0800
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-03 02:34 +0000
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-04 09:22 -0500
                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-04 07:19 -0800
                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-04 19:03 +0100
                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-04 20:25 +0200
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-04 19:38 +0100
                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-04 21:17 +0200
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-04 11:49 -0800
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-07 23:48 +0200
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-07 13:21 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-07 19:03 +0200
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-08 08:27 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-08 13:15 +0200
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-08 12:36 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2026-03-04 21:07 +0000
                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-04 23:35 +0200
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-04 23:46 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-05 12:07 +0200
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-05 17:49 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-05 12:22 +0200
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-07 13:29 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-07 19:19 +0200
                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-07 19:07 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-07 21:21 +0200
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-05 11:07 -0500
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-05 14:47 -0500
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-06 20:08 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Andy Valencia <vandys@vsta.org> - 2026-03-05 08:36 -0800
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-05 12:02 -0500
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-05 17:14 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-05 14:18 -0500
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-05 19:41 +0200
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-05 18:10 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2026-03-06 19:52 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Andy Valencia <vandys@vsta.org> - 2026-03-07 15:53 -0800
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Andy Valencia <vandys@vsta.org> - 2026-03-06 11:34 -0800
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2026-03-07 16:03 -0500
                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-09 22:42 +0100
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-03-12 21:07 -0700
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-14 16:27 +0100
                                                                                                                                  Re: GPU books? Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-15 01:07 -0400
                                                                                                                                    Re: GPU books? EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-16 12:06 -0400
                                                                                                                                    Re: GPU books? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-03-16 12:34 -0700
                                                                                                                                      Re: GPU books? MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-17 17:57 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-03-15 14:14 -0700
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-16 15:35 +0100
                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-03-18 01:01 -0700
                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-18 17:38 +0100
                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-18 20:28 +0100
                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-03-18 21:05 -0700
                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-03-23 21:01 -0700
                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-24 09:24 +0100
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-03-05 02:54 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-26 14:54 -0600
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-27 19:04 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-02-27 19:31 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-28 16:48 +0100
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-01 05:39 -0600
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-01 19:02 +0100
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-01 18:05 -0600
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-02 02:03 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-03 04:24 -0600
                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-03-08 17:53 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-08 21:15 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 16:43 -0500
                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-09 13:14 -0400
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-09 19:30 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-10 13:04 -0400
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-10 18:28 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-11 12:14 -0400
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-11 21:37 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-12 10:56 -0400
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-12 18:15 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-21 23:51 -0500
                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-01-28 19:19 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-01-29 07:13 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-01-29 12:30 -0500
                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-01-29 12:30 -0500
                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-01 18:01 +0100
                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-14 14:18 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-14 22:32 +0000
                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-13 14:34 -0600
                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 21:58 +0000
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-14 00:43 +0000
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-13 19:17 -0600
                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-14 03:59 +0000
                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-19 12:53 -0600
                                                                                Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-14 07:18 +0000
                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-14 18:48 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-14 22:38 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-15 01:22 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-15 01:28 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-16 14:45 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-15 15:36 +0100
                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-15 18:04 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-16 14:34 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-16 18:41 +0000
                                                                                      Multi-precision multiplication (was: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-15 18:01 +0000
                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-14 15:00 -0500
                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-15 10:46 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-15 07:48 -0500
                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-15 18:07 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-16 08:22 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-16 18:36 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-17 02:49 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-17 08:33 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-17 08:17 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-17 17:36 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-17 18:54 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-17 20:58 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-17 23:35 +0200
                                                                                                        SPARC and register renaming (was: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-18 15:16 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: SPARC and register renaming Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-16 17:24 -0500
                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-18 08:58 +0000
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-17 18:45 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-17 16:58 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-17 18:41 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-18 13:22 -0600
                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-18 13:15 -0600
                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-18 19:28 +0000
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-18 22:25 +0000
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-20 07:33 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-11-25 00:40 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-26 07:53 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-26 12:17 +0200
                                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-26 18:08 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-26 21:00 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-18 20:26 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-19 01:47 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-19 07:47 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-20 08:05 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-23 16:32 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-23 16:51 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-23 17:25 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-23 20:46 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-23 22:40 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-28 20:39 +0000
                                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-28 23:06 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-29 09:29 -0500
                                                                                                                        Re: Interrupt enable down-count Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-29 07:37 -0800
                                                                                                                          Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-29 13:28 -0500
                                                                                                                          Re: Interrupt enable down-count MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 19:23 +0000
                                                                                                                        Re: Interrupt enable down-count MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 19:05 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-29 15:42 -0500
                                                                                                                            Re: Interrupt enable down-count MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 22:17 +0000
                                                                                                                        Re: Interrupt enable down-count EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-29 16:10 -0500
                                                                                                                          Re: Interrupt enable down-count MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 22:26 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-29 17:45 -0500
                                                                                                                            Re: Interrupt enable down-count MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 23:14 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-30 02:17 -0500
                                                                                                                                Re: Interrupt enable down-count Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-30 10:10 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-30 06:29 -0500
                                                                                                                                    Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-30 06:41 -0500
                                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-29 23:37 +0000
                                                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-30 14:14 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-30 15:47 +0000
                                                                                                                            Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-30 16:39 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-30 18:59 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-30 22:11 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-06 00:40 -0500
                                                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-06 07:26 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-06 05:13 -0500
                                                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 17:31 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 17:29 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-06 18:33 -0500
                                                                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-06 18:55 -0500
                                                                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-07 03:29 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-24 18:03 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-30 15:18 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-30 19:33 +0000
                                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-30 22:38 +0200
                                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-30 22:17 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-01 00:12 +0000
                                                                                                                        Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-01 07:56 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-12-01 13:23 +0200
                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2025-12-04 16:54 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-04 18:37 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-05 11:10 +0100
                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-05 14:37 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-05 18:29 +0100
                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-12-15 12:30 -0500
                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-05 17:57 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-05 20:10 +0100
                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-05 20:54 +0000
                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-05 14:55 -0800
                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 17:22 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-07 15:09 -0800
                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-06 14:42 +0100
                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 17:44 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-08 10:07 +0100
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-08 20:20 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-07 15:17 -0800
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-08 10:12 +0100
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-08 04:32 -0800
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-08 20:06 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-08 20:15 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-08 21:58 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 14:37 -0800
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 14:39 -0800
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-12 23:39 +0000
                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-13 09:31 +0000
                                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-13 19:12 +0000
                                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-13 11:46 -0800
                                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-13 21:58 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 14:47 -0800
                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-06 17:16 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 18:07 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-06 19:04 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-06 21:36 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-07 16:08 -0800
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 21:44 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-07 16:13 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-08 07:25 -0500
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-12-08 08:23 -0800
                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-08 17:14 +0000
                                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-08 20:35 +0000
                                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-08 16:31 -0800
                                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 15:56 -0800
                                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-13 19:03 +0000
                                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-13 11:49 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-13 22:03 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: double alias register renaming Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-14 05:13 -0500
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: double alias register renaming MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-16 20:43 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-17 13:52 -0800
                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-09 09:13 +0100
                                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-09 19:15 +0000
                                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-09 20:51 +0100
                                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-09 21:28 +0000
                                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-10 10:07 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-12-10 08:51 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-10 20:10 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-11 10:05 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-11 20:26 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-11 20:47 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-12-12 01:41 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-11 18:27 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                            Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-12-12 02:48 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                              Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-12 19:17 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                                Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-12 21:02 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                                  Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-12 22:05 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                                    Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 14:19 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                              Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 14:22 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-12 08:14 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-12-12 13:05 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                            Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-12 15:28 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                              Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-12-12 16:25 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                                Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-12 21:12 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-12-11 23:51 +0200
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-12 08:59 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-11 15:02 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-11 15:03 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-11 15:00 -0800
                                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-12-09 13:55 -0800
                                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-09 22:52 +0000
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-08 20:30 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-07 09:30 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-12-07 16:05 +0200
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-07 16:55 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-07 16:28 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-12-07 12:19 -0500
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 15:52 -0800
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-07 16:36 -0800
                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-05 15:03 -0800
                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-07 14:51 -0800
                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-07 17:48 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-12-01 14:07 -0500
                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-01 23:03 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-01 22:50 +0000
                                                                                                                            Re: Unaligned Memory Access Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-02 07:10 -0500
                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-02 18:50 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-02 19:55 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: Unaligned Memory Access Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-02 21:20 -0500
                                                                                                                                Re: Unaligned Memory Access Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-16 18:04 -0500
                                                                                                                                  Re: Hardware hardware interrupt Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-02-18 01:04 -0500
                                                                                                                                  Re: Unaligned Memory Access quadi <quadibloc@ca.invalid> - 2026-03-09 03:36 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: Unaligned Memory Access Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-09 11:05 -0400
                                                                                                                                      Re: Unaligned Memory Access John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-03-10 06:07 +0000
                                                                                                                                        Re: Unaligned Memory Access "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-03-10 17:20 -0700
                                                                                                                                        Re: Unaligned Memory Access Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-13 07:10 +0000
                                                                                                                                          Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-13 16:14 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Unaligned Memory Access Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-14 14:03 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-03-14 19:35 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Unaligned Memory Access Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-14 16:30 +0100
                                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-18 23:02 -0500
                                                                                                                                                Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-19 22:20 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Float multiplies Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-21 16:58 -0400
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Float multiplies MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-22 16:46 +0000
                                                                                                                                                      Re: Float multiplies Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-23 01:31 -0400
                                                                                                                                                      Re: Float multiplies BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-23 04:44 -0500
                                                                                                                                          Re: Unaligned Memory Access anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-14 16:08 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Unaligned Memory Access Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-15 14:12 +0100
                                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-15 17:36 +0200
                                                                                                                                                Unaligned stores (was: Unaligned Memory Access) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-15 17:30 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Unaligned Memory Access Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-16 15:09 +0100
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Unaligned Memory Access Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-16 18:01 +0200
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-17 17:55 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Unaligned Memory Access BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-10 16:41 -0500
                                                                                                                                        Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-11 00:18 +0000
                                                                                                                                          Re: Unaligned Memory Access Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-11 16:40 +0100
                                                                                                                                        Re: Unaligned Memory Access "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-03-11 12:40 -0700
                                                                                                                                          Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-11 21:40 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Unaligned Memory Access scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-11 21:44 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-14 16:23 +0100
                                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-03-16 12:38 -0700
                                                                                                            Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-23 20:16 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-23 20:15 +0000
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-20 07:55 +0000
                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-14 15:57 +0100
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-14 14:39 -0600
                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-13 19:04 +0000
                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-21 15:31 +0200
                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-21 13:36 -0600
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-21 22:09 -0500
                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-22 04:54 -0600
                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-22 12:45 -0500
                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-22 14:29 -0600
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-22 18:50 +0200
                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-12-16 19:47 +0200
                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-16 17:51 +0000
                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-12-17 12:02 +0200
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - write port history Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-18 21:33 -0500
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 08:50 +0100
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-03 19:03 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 01:41 -0500
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 20:30 +0000
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 09:39 -0500
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-03 18:47 +0000
        branch splitting (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-04 07:50 +0000
          Re: branch splitting (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-04 19:15 +0000
            Re: branch splitting Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 22:44 +0100
              Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 00:44 +0000
              Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 01:00 -0600
                Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 01:38 -0600
                Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 20:43 +0000
                  Re: branch splitting Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-08 10:24 -0500
                    Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-09 19:20 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-04-05 06:49 +0000
                        Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-04-05 20:35 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-04-06 05:11 +0000
                            Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-04-06 16:24 +0000
                              Re: round mode register Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-04-07 22:53 -0400
                Re: branch splitting Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-16 16:14 -0500
                  Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-18 14:45 -0600
                    Re: branch splitting Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-23 17:17 -0500
                      Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-25 17:40 -0600
            Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-04 15:46 -0800
              Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 02:51 +0000
                Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-05 05:17 +0000
                  Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-05 06:44 +0000
                    Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-05 06:55 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-05 10:49 -0500
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-06 18:14 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-06 20:04 +0000
                            Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 10:32 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-06 16:24 -0500
                            Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 22:53 +0000
                              Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-06 20:10 -0500
                      Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-05 18:03 +0000
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-06 18:17 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-06 20:07 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 20:24 +0000
                            Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-07 06:55 +0000
                  Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-04 22:53 -0800
                    Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-06 08:46 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-06 12:37 +0200
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 08:08 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-06 07:57 -0800
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 10:09 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-07 08:26 -0800
                            Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 17:15 +0000
                              Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-07 10:45 -0800
                              Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-08 10:31 -0500
                                Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-08 18:13 +0000
                                  Re: branch splitting Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-08 21:47 +0200
                                  Re: branch splitting scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-09 17:06 +0000
                                    Re: PDP-8 history, branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-09 20:00 +0000
                                      Re: PDP-8 history, branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-09 21:14 +0000
                                      Re: PDP-8 history, branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-10 07:46 +0000
                                      Re: PDP-8 history, branch splitting scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-10 14:52 +0000
                                        Re: PDP-8 history, branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-10 18:53 +0000
                                  Re: branch splitting Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-10 08:27 +0100
                                Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-08 18:25 +0000
                                  Re: branch splitting Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-08 20:56 +0200
                                    Re: jumping around, branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-08 21:08 +0000
                                      Re: jumping around, branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-09 13:01 -0500
                                        Re: jumping around, branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-09 20:18 +0000
                                      Re: jumping around, branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-09 21:11 +0000
                                      Re: jumping around, branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-11 19:58 +0200
                                        Re: jumping around, branch splitting scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-11 18:48 +0000
                                        Re: indirect chains, jumping around, branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-11 21:10 +0000
                                          Re: indirect chains, jumping around, branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-11 16:06 -0800
                                  Re: branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-08 21:07 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 18:45 +0000
                        Re: label variables, was branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-06 22:09 +0000
                          Re: label variables, was branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 15:26 +0000
                            Re: label variables, was branch splitting Bill Findlay <findlaybill@blueyonder.co.uk> - 2025-11-07 17:54 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-08 10:02 +0000
                        Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-08 18:04 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-08 19:32 +0000
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-08 18:37 +0000
                        Re: goto, was branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-08 21:14 +0000
                  Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 02:01 -0600
                    Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:04 +0000
                  Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-05 17:26 +0200
                    Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 10:23 -0600
                      Re: branch splitting scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-05 17:22 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:30 +0200
                        Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:28 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-06 00:45 +0200
                            Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 18:28 +0000
                              Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-11 18:50 +0200
                                Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-11 14:23 -0500
                                  Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-11 20:44 +0000
                                    Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-11 21:16 -0500
                                      Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 08:42 +0000
                                        Re: branch splitting Bernd Linsel <bl1-thispartdoesnotbelonghere@gmx.com> - 2025-11-13 19:32 +0100
                                  Re: branch splitting antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-11-13 01:35 +0000
                                    Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 09:45 +0000
                                      Re: branch splitting antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-11-13 17:35 +0000
                                Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-11 19:46 +0000
                                  Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-11 15:55 -0800
                                    Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-12 00:31 +0000
                                      Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-11 17:18 -0800
                                        Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-12 21:56 +0200
                                          Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-12 20:25 +0000
                            Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-06 22:21 +0000
                    Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:24 +0000
                    Re: branch splitting Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-06 11:43 +0200
                      Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-06 12:11 +0200
                        Re: branch splitting Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-06 13:14 +0200
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 08:06 +0000
                    Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-06 17:52 +0000
                Re: branch splitting Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-05 15:27 +0100
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 01:47 -0500
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 02:06 -0500
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 20:52 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 20:41 -0500
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-07 21:49 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-09 19:09 +0000
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-03 19:13 +0000
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 09:56 -0500
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:21 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 21:49 -0500
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 18:36 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-05 19:20 -0800
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 18:39 +0000
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-08 14:11 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-08 18:08 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-06 19:38 +0000
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-06 12:14 -0800
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-07 17:29 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-09 14:54 -0800
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-10 02:00 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-09 20:03 -0800
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 21:59 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2025-11-12 06:20 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-12 08:01 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-12 19:22 +0000
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff / Fusing branch ops Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-06 07:44 -0500
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Cache-line constants Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-07 22:30 -0500
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-10 21:56 -0500
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-11 19:30 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-11 21:42 -0500
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-23 03:20 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-22 23:16 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-22 23:36 -0500
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-23 07:04 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-23 20:13 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-23 23:58 -0500
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-24 20:00 +0000
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-25 21:08 -0500
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-26 20:57 +0000
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-26 22:16 +0000
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2025-11-26 17:20 -0500
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-26 22:29 +0000
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-26 23:53 +0000
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-26 23:46 +0000
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-28 07:21 +0000
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-28 20:05 +0000
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-28 06:45 +0000
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-26 18:19 -0500
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-27 00:08 +0000
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-27 00:36 -0500
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-28 19:35 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-11-27 00:44 -0500
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-26 22:26 +0100
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-26 21:58 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2025-11-27 15:50 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-27 19:16 +0200
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-28 07:17 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-28 02:59 -0500
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-28 12:56 -0500
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-28 20:41 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-28 20:09 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-28 19:49 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2025-11-29 15:48 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-29 19:11 +0000
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-29 15:08 -0500
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 22:07 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-11 21:18 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-11 21:46 -0500
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-12 07:19 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-12 20:27 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-12 23:59 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-13 07:24 +0000

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#111490 — Re: auto predicating branches

Fromanton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl)
Date2025-04-21 06:05 +0000
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<2025Apr21.080532@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>
In reply to#111489
Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> writes:
>Having branches automatically convert into 
>predicates when they branch forward a short distance <7 instructions.

If-conversion in hardware is a good idea, if done well, because it
involves issues that tend to be unknown to compilers:

* How predictable is the condition?  If the condition is very well
  predictable, if-conversion is not a good idea, because it turns the
  control dependency (which does not cost latency when the prediction
  is correct) into a data dependency.  Moreover, in this case the
  if-conversion increases the resource consumption.  Compilers are not
  good at predicting the predictability AFAIK.

* Is the condition available before or after the original data
  dependencies?  And if afterwards, by how many cycles?  If it is
  afterwards and the branch prediction would be correct, the
  if-conversion means that the result of the instruction is available
  later, which may reduce IPC.  OTOH, if the branch prediction would
  be incorrect, the recovery also depends on when the condition
  becomes available, and the total latency is higher in the case of no
  if-conversion.  The compiler may do an ok job at predicting whether
  a condition is available before or after the original data
  dependencies (I don't know a paper that evaluates that), but without
  knowing about the prediction accuracy of a specific condition that
  does not help much.

So the hardware should take predictability of a condition and the
availability of the condition into consideration for if-conversion.

What about reverse if-conversion in hardware, i.e., converting
predicated instructions and the like (conditional moves, if-then-else
instructions and the instructions they control) into branch-predicted
phantom branches and eliminating the data dependency on the condition
from the instruction.

For performance, one might consider reverse if-conversion, because the
same considerations apply; however, there is also a security aspect:
programmers have used these instructions instead of branches to
produce constant-time code to avoid timing side channels of code that
deals with secrets; and the discovery of Spectre has shown additional
timing side channels of branches.  Because you cannot be sure that the
predicated instruction is there for security reasons, you must not use
reverse if-conversion in hardware.

- anton
-- 
'Anyone trying for "industrial quality" ISA should avoid undefined behavior.'
  Mitch Alsup, <c17fcd89-f024-40e7-a594-88a85ac10d20o@googlegroups.com>

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#111491 — Is an instruction on the critical path? (was: auto predicating branches)

Fromanton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl)
Date2025-04-21 13:39 +0000
SubjectIs an instruction on the critical path? (was: auto predicating branches)
Message-ID<2025Apr21.153925@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>
In reply to#111490
anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) writes:
>So the hardware should take predictability of a condition and the
>availability of the condition into consideration for if-conversion.

Another criterion would be whether one of the potentially
if-converted instructions is on the critical data-dependency path.  If
none of them are, additional latency (if any) from if-conversion may
be less of an issue.  OTOH, it may also mean that the code is
resource-limited rather than dependency-limited, and that one should
avoid if-conversion in order to avoid additional resource consumption
(and of course prediction accuracy also plays into these
considerations).

This made me think how one could determine whether an instruction is
on the critical path.  If an instruction X is committed, and the only
instructions later in the reorder buffer are data-flow successors of
X, then X is obviously on the critical path.  An instruction Y that
delivers the last input that releases X from the scheduler into the
functional unit is also on the critical path; this is transitive, and
several results may arrive in the same cycle.

Marking X as a critical instruction is relatively easy, although one
might also count how many times of all dynamic instances of the
instruction were critical.  Marking the critical data-flow
predecessors is harder, especially across several levels (not to
mention all levels); one way is to do it over time: when an
instruction V delivers a dependency that releases an instruction W
from the scheduler that is already marked as critical, V is marked as
critical as well.

The same instruction may be on the critical path in one execution, but
not in another execution, due to cache hits, or differences in control
flow.  The approach outlined above only works correctly if W is always
on the critical path.  V should probably only marked as critical if
the number of critical executions of W relative to the overall
executions of W is high.

Showing the critical path through performance counters might help
programmers improve the performance of their programs.

- anton
-- 
'Anyone trying for "industrial quality" ISA should avoid undefined behavior.'
  Mitch Alsup, <c17fcd89-f024-40e7-a594-88a85ac10d20o@googlegroups.com>

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#111492 — Re: auto predicating branches

Frommitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1)
Date2025-04-21 17:29 +0000
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<d47cdad26528b4d2309ac9df60120315@www.novabbs.org>
In reply to#111490
On Mon, 21 Apr 2025 6:05:32 +0000, Anton Ertl wrote:

> Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> writes:
>>Having branches automatically convert into
>>predicates when they branch forward a short distance <7 instructions.
>
> If-conversion in hardware is a good idea, if done well, because it
> involves issues that tend to be unknown to compilers:

I had little trouble teaching Brian how to put if-conversion into the
compiler with my PRED instructions. Alleviating HW from having to bother
other than being able to execute PREDicated clauses.

> * How predictable is the condition?  If the condition is very well
>   predictable, if-conversion is not a good idea, because it turns the
>   control dependency (which does not cost latency when the prediction
>   is correct) into a data dependency.  Moreover, in this case the
>   if-conversion increases the resource consumption.  Compilers are not
>   good at predicting the predictability AFAIK.

Rather than base the choice on the predictability of the condition,
It is based on whether FETCH will pass the join-point before the
condition resolves. On an 8-wide machine this might be "THE next
cycle".

> * Is the condition available before or after the original data
>   dependencies?  And if afterwards, by how many cycles?  If it is
>   afterwards and the branch prediction would be correct, the
>   if-conversion means that the result of the instruction is available
>   later, which may reduce IPC.

Generally, it only adds latency--if the execution window is not staled
at either end this does not harm IPC.

>                                 OTOH, if the branch prediction would
>   be incorrect, the recovery also depends on when the condition
>   becomes available,

There is no "recovery" from PREDication, just one clause getting
nullified.

>                      and the total latency is higher in the case of no
>   if-conversion.  The compiler may do an ok job at predicting whether
>   a condition is available before or after the original data
>   dependencies (I don't know a paper that evaluates that), but without
>   knowing about the prediction accuracy of a specific condition that
>   does not help much.
>
> So the hardware should take predictability of a condition and the
> availability of the condition into consideration for if-conversion.

My argument is that this is a SW decision (in the compiler) not a
HW decision (other than providing the PREDs). Since PREDs are not
predicted (unless you think they are predicted BOTH ways) they do
not diminish the performance of the branch predictors.

> What about reverse if-conversion in hardware, i.e., converting
> predicated instructions and the like (conditional moves, if-then-else
> instructions and the instructions they control) into branch-predicted
> phantom branches and eliminating the data dependency on the condition
> from the instruction.

The compiler choose PRED because FETCH reaches the join-point prior
to the branch resolving. PRED is almost always faster--and when
it has both then-clause and else-clause, it always saves a branch
instruction (jumping over the else-clause).

> For performance, one might consider reverse if-conversion, because the
> same considerations apply; however, there is also a security aspect:
> programmers have used these instructions instead of branches to
> produce constant-time code to avoid timing side channels of code that
> deals with secrets; and the discovery of Spectre has shown additional
> timing side channels of branches.  Because you cannot be sure that the
> predicated instruction is there for security reasons, you must not use
> reverse if-conversion in hardware.
>
> - anton

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#111494 — Re: auto predicating branches

Fromanton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl)
Date2025-04-22 05:10 +0000
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<2025Apr22.071010@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>
In reply to#111492
mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) writes:
>On Mon, 21 Apr 2025 6:05:32 +0000, Anton Ertl wrote:
>
>> Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> writes:
>>>Having branches automatically convert into
>>>predicates when they branch forward a short distance <7 instructions.
>>
>> If-conversion in hardware is a good idea, if done well, because it
>> involves issues that tend to be unknown to compilers:
>
>I had little trouble teaching Brian how to put if-conversion into the
>compiler with my PRED instructions. Alleviating HW from having to bother
>other than being able to execute PREDicated clauses.

Compilers certainly can perform if-conversion, and there have been
papers about that for at least 30 years, but compilers do not know
when if-conversion is profitable.  E.g., "branchless" (if-converted)
binary search can be faster than a branching one when the searched
array is cached at a close-enough level, but slower when most of the
accesses miss the close caches
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11360831/about-the-branchless-binary-search>.

>> * How predictable is the condition?  If the condition is very well
>>   predictable, if-conversion is not a good idea, because it turns the
>>   control dependency (which does not cost latency when the prediction
>>   is correct) into a data dependency.  Moreover, in this case the
>>   if-conversion increases the resource consumption.  Compilers are not
>>   good at predicting the predictability AFAIK.
>
>Rather than base the choice on the predictability of the condition,
>It is based on whether FETCH will pass the join-point before the
>condition resolves. On an 8-wide machine this might be "THE next
>cycle".

On a CPU with out-of-order execution, the instruction fetcher often
runs many dozens of instructions ahead of the functional units which
produce the conditions, so your criterion could cover pretty big IFs
And, given that you want the compiler to do it, the compiler would
have to know about that.  Ok, what decision will you take in what
case, and why?

>> * Is the condition available before or after the original data
>>   dependencies?  And if afterwards, by how many cycles?  If it is
>>   afterwards and the branch prediction would be correct, the
>>   if-conversion means that the result of the instruction is available
>>   later, which may reduce IPC.
>
>Generally, it only adds latency--if the execution window is not staled
>at either end this does not harm IPC.

If the additional latency is on the critical path and execution is
dependency-limited, this reduces IPC.  And yes, this will result in
the buffers (especially the schedulers) filling up and stalling the
front end.

>>                                 OTOH, if the branch prediction would
>>   be incorrect, the recovery also depends on when the condition
>>   becomes available,
>
>There is no "recovery" from PREDication, just one clause getting
>nullified.

I apparently wrote that in a misunderstandable way.  Here's another
attempt: When comparing the branching variant to the predicated
(if-converted) variant, if the branching variant would be
mispredicted, it is always at a disadvantage wrt. latency compared to
the predicated variant, because the branching variant restarts from
the instruction fetch when the condition becomes available, while the
predicated variant is already fetched and decoded and waits in a
scheduler for the condition.

Note that in the binary-search case linked-to above, that's also the
case, but in the branchy version the benefit comes from the correct
predictions and the lack of data-dependencies between the loads: In
those cases the cache-missing load does not depend on the previous
cache-missing load (unlike the branchless version), resulting in an
overall shorter latency.

>>                      and the total latency is higher in the case of no
>>   if-conversion.  The compiler may do an ok job at predicting whether
>>   a condition is available before or after the original data
>>   dependencies (I don't know a paper that evaluates that), but without
>>   knowing about the prediction accuracy of a specific condition that
>>   does not help much.
>>
>> So the hardware should take predictability of a condition and the
>> availability of the condition into consideration for if-conversion.
>
>My argument is that this is a SW decision (in the compiler) not a
>HW decision (other than providing the PREDs).

That's a position, not an argument.  Do you have an argument for your
position?

>Since PREDs are not
>predicted (unless you think they are predicted BOTH ways) they do
>not diminish the performance of the branch predictors.

Nor increase it.  But it sounds like you think that the compiler
should choose predication when the condition is not particularly
predictable.  How should the compiler know that?

>The compiler choose PRED because FETCH reaches the join-point prior
>to the branch resolving. PRED is almost always faster--and when
>it has both then-clause and else-clause, it always saves a branch
>instruction (jumping over the else-clause).

It appears that you have an underpowered front end in mind.  Even in
the wide machines of today and without predication, the front end
normally does not have a problem fetching at least as many
instructions as the rest of the machine can handle, as long as the
predictions are correct.  Even if the instruction fetcher cannot fetch
the full width in one cycle due to having more taken branches than the
instruction fetcher can handle or some other hiccup, this is usually
made up by delivering more instructions in other cycles than the rest
of the CPU can handle.  E.g., Skymont
<https://old.chipsandcheese.com/2024/06/15/intel-details-skymont/>
fetches from three sequential streams, 3*32bytes/cycle, and decodes
into 3*3 uops/cycle and stores them in 3 32-entry uop queues; the
renamer consumes 8 instructions from these queues, so as long as the
predictions are correct and the average fetching and decoding is >8
uops/cycle, the renamer will rarely see fewer than 8 uops available,
even if there is the occasional cycle where the taken branches are so
dense that the instruction fetcher cannot deliver enough relevant
bytes to the instruction decoder.

- anton
-- 
'Anyone trying for "industrial quality" ISA should avoid undefined behavior.'
  Mitch Alsup, <c17fcd89-f024-40e7-a594-88a85ac10d20o@googlegroups.com>

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#111495 — Re: auto predicating branches

FromEricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com>
Date2025-04-22 11:23 -0400
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<DwONP.2213540$eNx6.1757109@fx14.iad>
In reply to#111494
Anton Ertl wrote:
> mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) writes:
>> On Mon, 21 Apr 2025 6:05:32 +0000, Anton Ertl wrote:
>>
>>> Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> writes:
>>>> Having branches automatically convert into
>>>> predicates when they branch forward a short distance <7 instructions.
>>> If-conversion in hardware is a good idea, if done well, because it
>>> involves issues that tend to be unknown to compilers:
>> I had little trouble teaching Brian how to put if-conversion into the
>> compiler with my PRED instructions. Alleviating HW from having to bother
>> other than being able to execute PREDicated clauses.
> 
> Compilers certainly can perform if-conversion, and there have been
> papers about that for at least 30 years, but compilers do not know
> when if-conversion is profitable.  E.g., "branchless" (if-converted)
> binary search can be faster than a branching one when the searched
> array is cached at a close-enough level, but slower when most of the
> accesses miss the close caches
> <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11360831/about-the-branchless-binary-search>.

I'm missing something because the first answer by BeeOnRope looks wrong.
Unfortunately they don't show both pieces of code and the asm,
but a branching binary search to me looks just as load data dependent as it
recalculates middle each iteration and the array index is array[middle].

Assuming the branching version is:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search#Procedure

If branch prediction is always correct, the branching version builds
an instruction queue that is a long chain of scaled indexed loads
where the load index is data dependent on the prior iteration load value.
As each load finishes the next index is calculated and next load started,
and the chain collapses serially.

But that is exactly what the branchless version also does.

The difference is that the branching version sometimes DOES mispredict,
so purges and rebuilds the IQ for each mispredict. But what it purges
for the current iteration is just an INC or DEC instruction,
either L = m+1 or R = m-1, PLUS everything prefetched in IQ that followed.

Assuming both versions have the same number of memory accesses[*],
it looks to me that the branchless version should always win or tie.

[*] I want to see the asm because Intel's CMOV always executes the
operand operation, then tosses the result if the predicate is false.
That means that if it does CMOVGT rax,[middle] it always does the
[middle] memory load and then conditionally tosses the value.
It may be that the branchless version is actually doing more memory
accesses which is why it is slower.


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#111498 — Re: auto predicating branches

Fromanton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl)
Date2025-04-22 17:31 +0000
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<2025Apr22.193103@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>
In reply to#111495
EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> writes:
>Anton Ertl wrote:
>> Compilers certainly can perform if-conversion, and there have been
>> papers about that for at least 30 years, but compilers do not know
>> when if-conversion is profitable.  E.g., "branchless" (if-converted)
>> binary search can be faster than a branching one when the searched
>> array is cached at a close-enough level, but slower when most of the
>> accesses miss the close caches
>> <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11360831/about-the-branchless-binary-search>.
>
>I'm missing something because the first answer by BeeOnRope looks wrong.
>Unfortunately they don't show both pieces of code and the asm,
>but a branching binary search to me looks just as load data dependent as it
>recalculates middle each iteration and the array index is array[middle].

Here's the branchless version:

while (n > 1) {
  int middle = n/2;
  base += (needle < *base[middle]) ? 0 : middle;
  n -= middle;
}

The branching version would then be:

while (n > 1) {
  int middle = n/2;
  if (needle >= *base[middle])
     base +=  middle;
  n -= middle;
}

In the branching version we have the following loop recurrences:

1) middle = n/2; n -= middle
2) base +=  middle;

Recurrence 1 costs a few cycles per iteration, ideally 2.  Recurrence
2 costs even less.  There is no load in the loop recurrences.  The
load is used only for verifying the branch prediction.  And in
particular, the load does not data-depend on any previous load.

>If branch prediction is always correct, the branching version builds
>an instruction queue that is a long chain of scaled indexed loads
>where the load index is data dependent on the prior iteration load value.

That's certainly not the case here.

Even if we assume that the branch predictor misses half of the time
(which is realistic), that means that the next load and the load of
all followig correctly predicted ifs just have to wait for the load of
the mispredicted branch plus the misprediction penalty.  Which means
that on average two loads will happen in parallel, while the
branchless version only performs dependent loads.  If the loads cost
more than a branch misprediction (because of cache misses), the
branching version is faster.

One can now improve the performance by using branchless for the first
few levels (which are cached), and adding prefetching and a mixture of
branchless and branchy for the rest, but for understanding the
principle the simple variants are best.

>[*] I want to see the asm because Intel's CMOV always executes the
>operand operation, then tosses the result if the predicate is false.

That's the usual thing for conditional execution/predication.  But
here 0 has no dependencies and middle has only cheap dependencies, the
only expensive part is the load for the condition that turns into a
data dependency in the branchless version.

- anton
-- 
'Anyone trying for "industrial quality" ISA should avoid undefined behavior.'
  Mitch Alsup, <c17fcd89-f024-40e7-a594-88a85ac10d20o@googlegroups.com>

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#111499 — Re: auto predicating branches

Frommitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1)
Date2025-04-22 22:32 +0000
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<f5e5bf81ac2c7e2066d2a181c5a70baf@www.novabbs.org>
In reply to#111498
On Tue, 22 Apr 2025 17:31:03 +0000, Anton Ertl wrote:

> EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> writes:
>>Anton Ertl wrote:
>>> Compilers certainly can perform if-conversion, and there have been
>>> papers about that for at least 30 years, but compilers do not know
>>> when if-conversion is profitable.  E.g., "branchless" (if-converted)
>>> binary search can be faster than a branching one when the searched
>>> array is cached at a close-enough level, but slower when most of the
>>> accesses miss the close caches
>>> <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11360831/about-the-branchless-binary-search>.
>>
>>I'm missing something because the first answer by BeeOnRope looks wrong.
>>Unfortunately they don't show both pieces of code and the asm,
>>but a branching binary search to me looks just as load data dependent as
>> it
>>recalculates middle each iteration and the array index is array[middle].
>
> Here's the branchless version:
>
> while (n > 1) {
>   int middle = n/2;
>   base += (needle < *base[middle]) ? 0 : middle;
>   n -= middle;
> }

loop:
       SRA    Rn,Rn,#1           // Rn in
       LDD    Rl,[Rb,Rm<<3]      // Rb in
       CMP    R7,Rn,Rl
       CMOVLT R7,#0,Rm
       ADD    Rb,Rb,-Rm          // Rb out
       ADD    Rn,Rn,-Rm          // Rn out
       BR     loop
>
> The branching version would then be:
>
> while (n > 1) {
>   int middle = n/2;
>   if (needle >= *base[middle])
>      base +=  middle;
>   n -= middle;
> }

loop:
       SRA    Rn,Rn,#1           // Rn in
       LDD    Rl,[Rb,Rm<<3]      // Rb in
       CMP    R7,Rn,Rl
       PGE    R7,T
       ADD    Rb,Rb,-Rm          // Rb conditionally out
       ADD    Rn,Rn,-Rm          // Rn out
       BR     loop

The ADD or Rn can be freely positioned in the loop, but the recurrence
remains at 2 cycles.

A 7-wide (or wider) machine will be able to insert a whole iteration
of the loop per cycle. The loop has a 2 cycle recurrence, so, the
execution window will fill up rapidly and retire at 1 loop per 2 cycles;
being recurrence-bound. This agrees with the second paragraph below.

> In the branching version we have the following loop recurrences:
>
> 1) middle = n/2; n -= middle
> 2) base +=  middle;
>
> Recurrence 1 costs a few cycles per iteration, ideally 2.  Recurrence
> 2 costs even less.  There is no load in the loop recurrences.  The
> load is used only for verifying the branch prediction.  And in
> particular, the load does not data-depend on any previous load.

A shifter with a latency of 2 would really hurt this loop.

>>If branch prediction is always correct, the branching version builds
>>an instruction queue that is a long chain of scaled indexed loads
>>where the load index is data dependent on the prior iteration load value.
>
> That's certainly not the case here.
>
> Even if we assume that the branch predictor misses half of the time
> (which is realistic), that means that the next load and the load of
> all followig correctly predicted ifs just have to wait for the load of
> the mispredicted branch plus the misprediction penalty.  Which means
> that on average two loads will happen in parallel, while the
> branchless version only performs dependent loads.  If the loads cost
> more than a branch misprediction (because of cache misses), the
> branching version is faster.

I do not see 2 LDDs being performed parallel unless the execution
width is at least 14-wide. In any event loop recurrence restricts the
overall retirement to 0.5 LDDs per cycle--it is the recurrence that
feeds the iterations (i.e., retirement). The water hose is fundamentally
restricted by the recurrence.

> One can now improve the performance by using branchless for the first
> few levels (which are cached), and adding prefetching and a mixture of
> branchless and branchy for the rest, but for understanding the
> principle the simple variants are best.

Predicating has added latency on the delivery of Rb's recurrence in that
the consumer has to be ready for {didn't happen and now you are free"
along with "here is the data you are looking for". Complicating the
instruction queue "a little".

>>[*] I want to see the asm because Intel's CMOV always executes the
>>operand operation, then tosses the result if the predicate is false.

Use a less-stupid ISA

I took a look at extracting the < or >= cases and using it as a mask
(0, middle) but this takes 1 more instruction and does nothing about
the fundamental loop limiter.

> That's the usual thing for conditional execution/predication.  But
> here 0 has no dependencies and middle has only cheap dependencies, the
> only expensive part is the load for the condition that turns into a
> data dependency in the branchless version.
>
> - anton

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#111500 — Re: auto predicating branches

FromStefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
Date2025-04-22 22:59 -0400
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<jwvcyd338k2.fsf-monnier+comp.arch@gnu.org>
In reply to#111499
> I do not see 2 LDDs being performed parallel unless the execution
> width is at least 14-wide. In any event loop recurrence restricts the

IIUC you'll get multiple loads in parallel if the loads take a long time
because of cache misses.  Say each load takes 100 cycles, then there is
plenty of time during one load to predict many more iterations of the
loop and hence issue many more loads.

With a branching code, the addresses of those loads depend mostly on the
branch predictions, so the branch predictions end up performing a kind
of "value prediction" (where the value that's predicted is the address
of the next lookup).

With predication your load address will conceptually depend on 3 inputs:
the computation of `base + middle`, the computation of  `base + 0`, and
the computation of the previous `needle < *base[middle]` test to choose
between the first two.  If the LD of `*base[middle]` takes 100 cycle,
that means a delay of 100 cycles before the next LD can be issued.

Of course, nothing prevents a CPU from doing "predicate prediction":
instead of waiting for an answer to `needle < *base[middle]`, it could
try and guess whether it will be true or false and thus choose to send
one of the two addresses (or both) to the memory (and later check the
prediction and rollback, just like we do with normal branches).


        Stefan

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#111502 — Re: auto predicating branches

Fromanton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl)
Date2025-04-23 18:09 +0000
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<2025Apr23.200928@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>
In reply to#111500
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> writes:
>Of course, nothing prevents a CPU from doing "predicate prediction":
>instead of waiting for an answer to `needle < *base[middle]`, it could
>try and guess whether it will be true or false and thus choose to send
>one of the two addresses (or both) to the memory (and later check the
>prediction and rollback, just like we do with normal branches).

That would subvert the use of predication for getting constant-time
code for avoiding timing side channels.  I.e., not a good idea.

- anton
-- 
'Anyone trying for "industrial quality" ISA should avoid undefined behavior.'
  Mitch Alsup, <c17fcd89-f024-40e7-a594-88a85ac10d20o@googlegroups.com>

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#111507 — Re: auto predicating branches

FromEricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com>
Date2025-04-24 10:10 -0400
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<EErOP.98967$oJg.17487@fx17.iad>
In reply to#111502
Anton Ertl wrote:
> Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> writes:
>> Of course, nothing prevents a CPU from doing "predicate prediction":
>> instead of waiting for an answer to `needle < *base[middle]`, it could
>> try and guess whether it will be true or false and thus choose to send
>> one of the two addresses (or both) to the memory (and later check the
>> prediction and rollback, just like we do with normal branches).
> 
> That would subvert the use of predication for getting constant-time
> code for avoiding timing side channels.  I.e., not a good idea.
> 
> - anton

This assumes that the predicate's not-executed path is nullified in a
constant time way. That might be ok for simple 1-clock instructions but
I would want heavier ones, MUL, DIV, all floats, and all LD and ST,
to be at worst nullified to 1-clock each, even better to 0.

OoO nullified (not-executed) instructions may still take 1 clock if all
such instructions that write a register have to copy the old physical
dest register value to the new physical register.

A constant time guarantee might only be possible if one manually arranges
to unconditionally perform all calculations then CMOV the result.

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#111513 — Re: auto predicating branches

Frommitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1)
Date2025-04-25 20:51 +0000
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<6483d24559f5cd1fa1ff593bdba40394@www.novabbs.org>
In reply to#111507
On Thu, 24 Apr 2025 14:10:50 +0000, EricP wrote:

> Anton Ertl wrote:
>> Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> writes:
>>> Of course, nothing prevents a CPU from doing "predicate prediction":
>>> instead of waiting for an answer to `needle < *base[middle]`, it could
>>> try and guess whether it will be true or false and thus choose to send
>>> one of the two addresses (or both) to the memory (and later check the
>>> prediction and rollback, just like we do with normal branches).
>>
>> That would subvert the use of predication for getting constant-time
>> code for avoiding timing side channels.  I.e., not a good idea.
>>
>> - anton
>
> This assumes that the predicate's not-executed path is nullified in a
> constant time way. That might be ok for simple 1-clock instructions but
> I would want heavier ones, MUL, DIV, all floats, and all LD and ST,
> to be at worst nullified to 1-clock each, even better to 0.
>
> OoO nullified (not-executed) instructions may still take 1 clock if all
> such instructions that write a register have to copy the old physical
> dest register value to the new physical register.

Or to broadcast that you should NOT be waiting on this operand any
longer.

> A constant time guarantee might only be possible if one manually
> arranges
> to unconditionally perform all calculations then CMOV the result.

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#111506 — Re: auto predicating branches

FromEricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com>
Date2025-04-24 09:47 -0400
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<PirOP.2638090$OrR5.1219920@fx18.iad>
In reply to#111500
Stefan Monnier wrote:
>> I do not see 2 LDDs being performed parallel unless the execution
>> width is at least 14-wide. In any event loop recurrence restricts the
> 
> IIUC you'll get multiple loads in parallel if the loads take a long time
> because of cache misses.  Say each load takes 100 cycles, then there is
> plenty of time during one load to predict many more iterations of the
> loop and hence issue many more loads.
> 
> With a branching code, the addresses of those loads depend mostly on the
> branch predictions, so the branch predictions end up performing a kind
> of "value prediction" (where the value that's predicted is the address
> of the next lookup).
> 
> With predication your load address will conceptually depend on 3 inputs:
> the computation of `base + middle`, the computation of  `base + 0`, and
> the computation of the previous `needle < *base[middle]` test to choose
> between the first two.  If the LD of `*base[middle]` takes 100 cycle,
> that means a delay of 100 cycles before the next LD can be issued.
> 
> Of course, nothing prevents a CPU from doing "predicate prediction":
> instead of waiting for an answer to `needle < *base[middle]`, it could
> try and guess whether it will be true or false and thus choose to send
> one of the two addresses (or both) to the memory (and later check the
> prediction and rollback, just like we do with normal branches).

There was a flurry of predication research circa 2000 because of Itanium.
One I saw suggested moving the prediction from BRcc to CMP op so it works
for both branch and predicates. Their rational was that if-conversions
affect the branch predictor stats by removing samples from the test sets.

So yes it becomes a value prediction, but its a binary value
and should be the same binary value as before.

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#111501 — Re: auto predicating branches

Fromanton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl)
Date2025-04-23 17:44 +0000
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<2025Apr23.194456@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>
In reply to#111499
mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) writes:
>I do not see 2 LDDs being performed parallel unless the execution
>width is at least 14-wide. In any event loop recurrence restricts the
>overall retirement to 0.5 LDDs per cycle--it is the recurrence that
>feeds the iterations (i.e., retirement).

Yes.  But with loads that take longer than two cycles (very common in
OoO microarchitectures even for L1 hits), the second load starts
before the first finishes.  And in the case where the branchy version
is profitable (when the load latency longer than the misprediction
penalty due to cache misses), many loads will start before the first
finishes (most of them will be canceled due to misprediction, but even
an average of two useful parallel loads produces a good speedup).

[EricP:]
>>>[*] I want to see the asm because Intel's CMOV always executes the
>>>operand operation, then tosses the result if the predicate is false.
>
>Use a less-stupid ISA

The ISA does not require that.  It could just as well be implemented
as waiting for the condition, and only then perform the operation.
And with a more sophisticated implementation one could even do that
for operations that are not part of the CMOV instruction, but produce
one of the source operands of the CMOV instruction.  However,
apparently such implementations have enough disadvantages (probably in
performance) that nobody has gone there AFAIK.  AFAIK everyone,
including implementations of different ISAs implements
CMOV/predication as performing the operation and then conditionally
squashing the result.

- anton
-- 
'Anyone trying for "industrial quality" ISA should avoid undefined behavior.'
  Mitch Alsup, <c17fcd89-f024-40e7-a594-88a85ac10d20o@googlegroups.com>

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#111503 — Re: auto predicating branches

Frommitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1)
Date2025-04-23 21:34 +0000
SubjectRe: auto predicating branches
Message-ID<126700f99b6f97d7483bb5355d68c361@www.novabbs.org>
In reply to#111501
On Wed, 23 Apr 2025 17:44:56 +0000, Anton Ertl wrote:

> mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) writes:
>>I do not see 2 LDDs being performed parallel unless the execution
>>width is at least 14-wide. In any event loop recurrence restricts the
>>overall retirement to 0.5 LDDs per cycle--it is the recurrence that
>>feeds the iterations (i.e., retirement).
>
> Yes.  But with loads that take longer than two cycles (very common in
> OoO microarchitectures even for L1 hits), the second load starts
> before the first finishes.  And in the case where the branchy version
> is profitable (when the load latency longer than the misprediction
> penalty due to cache misses), many loads will start before the first
> finishes (most of them will be canceled due to misprediction, but even
> an average of two useful parallel loads produces a good speedup).

We still have a 2 cycle loop recurrence, so even if we could perform
1000
LDs per cycle, we are fundamentally SRA and SUB bound around the loop
from iteration to iteration.

> [EricP:]
>>>>[*] I want to see the asm because Intel's CMOV always executes the
>>>>operand operation, then tosses the result if the predicate is false.
>>
>>Use a less-stupid ISA
>
> The ISA does not require that.  It could just as well be implemented
> as waiting for the condition, and only then perform the operation.
> And with a more sophisticated implementation one could even do that
> for operations that are not part of the CMOV instruction, but produce
> one of the source operands of the CMOV instruction.  However,
> apparently such implementations have enough disadvantages (probably in
> performance) that nobody has gone there AFAIK.  AFAIK everyone,
> including implementations of different ISAs implements
> CMOV/predication as performing the operation and then conditionally
> squashing the result.

That is difficult with renaming. In order for the later instructions
to wait on the CMOV renamed result register or the earlier predicted
value, each entry in each station has to be able to wait on one or
the other. In general, it is far easier to make CMOV be able to deliver
either result so nothing downstream of CMOV has any added complexity.

>
> - anton

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#111504 — Re: asynch register rename

FromRobert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com>
Date2025-04-23 23:31 -0400
SubjectRe: asynch register rename
Message-ID<vucbbe$mvlc$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#111503
Changed the rename logic for StarkCPU, moved it from the in-order rename 
stage to an asynchronous process that operates on the re-order buffer. 
Primary reason was instructions may need too many destination register 
renames, causing stalls in the pipeline. As an async process the name 
supplier picks off up to four destination registers per clock. Following 
instructions do not stall because of the name supply. Usually this would 
be four instructions worth, but it may be less. This is in lieu of 
implementing instructions with micro-ops. Instructions with multiple 
targets could be implemented using multiple micro-ops. For Stark many 
instructions have a compare-to-zero built in that requires updating a 
condition register in addition to the destination register update. 
Signified with the ‘.’ suffix in assembler. With both carry and 
compare-to-zero at the same time there may be three destination 
registers in an instruction.

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#111520 — Re: fractional PCs

FromRobert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com>
Date2025-04-27 07:36 -0400
SubjectRe: fractional PCs
Message-ID<vul4r4$n19o$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#111504
Representing the PC as a fixed-point number because it records which 
micro-op of the micro-op stream for an instruction got interrupted. It 
was easier to restart the micro-op stream than to defer interrupts to 
the next instruction.
The lead micro-ops on a interrupt return are just NOP'd out. ATM there 
is no micro-op state that needs to be saved and restored through context 
switches, other than the index into the stream which can be saved as 
part of the PC.

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#111528 — Re: fractional PCs

Frommitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1)
Date2025-04-27 20:53 +0000
SubjectRe: fractional PCs
Message-ID<0b410ad93124778a2b1b3ab8fb6ec62c@www.novabbs.org>
In reply to#111520
On Sun, 27 Apr 2025 11:36:05 +0000, Robert Finch wrote:

> Representing the PC as a fixed-point number because it records which
> micro-op of the micro-op stream for an instruction got interrupted. It
> was easier to restart the micro-op stream than to defer interrupts to
> the next instruction.

Why not just backup to the instruction boundary ??

> The lead micro-ops on a interrupt return are just NOP'd out. ATM there
> is no micro-op state that needs to be saved and restored through context
> switches, other than the index into the stream which can be saved as
> part of the PC.

Also note: this is "completion" interrupt model used in 010, 020, 030
{Not sure about 040}.

It caused:
a) a bunch of bugs
b) a lot of strange stack state
c) which could be attacked by any thread with privilege.

Although it "sounds" like it saves {time, energy, forward progress}
the state saving/restoring on the stack pretty much consumes all of
that.

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#111532 — Re: fractional PCs

FromRobert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com>
Date2025-04-27 22:32 -0400
SubjectRe: fractional PCs
Message-ID<vumpcl$2a0rl$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#111528
On 2025-04-27 4:53 p.m., MitchAlsup1 wrote:
> On Sun, 27 Apr 2025 11:36:05 +0000, Robert Finch wrote:
> 
>> Representing the PC as a fixed-point number because it records which
>> micro-op of the micro-op stream for an instruction got interrupted. It
>> was easier to restart the micro-op stream than to defer interrupts to
>> the next instruction.
> 
> Why not just backup to the instruction boundary ??

I think I was worried about an instruction disabling interrupts or 
causing an exception that should be processed before the interrupt 
occurred. (keeping the interrupt precise). I did not want to need to 
consider other exceptions that might have occurred before the interrupt.

Searching for an instruction boundary in either direction is I think 
more logic than just recording the micro-op number. It is more FFs to 
record the number, but fewer LUTs. There is like 8 x10 bit comparators 
plus muxes on the re-order buffer to backup to the instruction boundary 
and mark an interrupts. Just recording the micro-op number is just 
stuffing 3 bits into the PC, plus three bits propagated down the 
pipeline (FFs). The PC has two zero bits available already.

> 
>> The lead micro-ops on a interrupt return are just NOP'd out. ATM there
>> is no micro-op state that needs to be saved and restored through context
>> switches, other than the index into the stream which can be saved as
>> part of the PC.
> 
> Also note: this is "completion" interrupt model used in 010, 020, 030
> {Not sure about 040}.
> 
> It caused:
> a) a bunch of bugs
> b) a lot of strange stack state
> c) which could be attacked by any thread with privilege.
> 
> Although it "sounds" like it saves {time, energy, forward progress}
> the state saving/restoring on the stack pretty much consumes all of
> that.

a) is a bit worrisome. Doing something out of the ordinary is always 
asking for bugs. I am guessing programmers tried to manipulate the stack 
state on the 68k series. I replicated the 010 as an FPGA core and IIRC I 
stuff the machine state number onto the stack. Which is bound to be a 
different number than the 010.
b) There is no state that needs to be stacked outside of what is 
normally stacked for an interrupt. For c) the usual interrupt as well 
could be attacked by a thread with privilege.

I have coded it both ways, so I may make it a core option. Right up 
there with page relative branching. There is already a flag to generate 
the core for performance instead of size.

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#111533 — Re: fractional PCs

FromEricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com>
Date2025-04-28 10:06 -0400
SubjectRe: fractional PCs
Message-ID<SXLPP.125642$oJg.21028@fx17.iad>
In reply to#111532
Robert Finch wrote:
> On 2025-04-27 4:53 p.m., MitchAlsup1 wrote:
>> On Sun, 27 Apr 2025 11:36:05 +0000, Robert Finch wrote:
>>
>>> Representing the PC as a fixed-point number because it records which
>>> micro-op of the micro-op stream for an instruction got interrupted. It
>>> was easier to restart the micro-op stream than to defer interrupts to
>>> the next instruction.
>>
>> Why not just backup to the instruction boundary ??
> 
> I think I was worried about an instruction disabling interrupts or 
> causing an exception that should be processed before the interrupt 
> occurred. (keeping the interrupt precise). I did not want to need to 
> consider other exceptions that might have occurred before the interrupt.

I assume you are using the words interrupt and exception interchangeably.
Especially when discussing at the uArch level, I find it best to keep
these separate as the mechanisms are quite different.

External interrupts can use a single-step mechanism to stall at Fetch
and wait for the older instructions to complete, so it knows there are
no older exceptions or branch mispredict purges or control changes
(eg. there is no Interrupt Disable instruction in-flight).

Exceptions are defined as synchronous with a single instruction so you
can use the Instruction Queue/ROB to synchronize older vs younger ones.

> Searching for an instruction boundary in either direction is I think 
> more logic than just recording the micro-op number. It is more FFs to 
> record the number, but fewer LUTs. There is like 8 x10 bit comparators 
> plus muxes on the re-order buffer to backup to the instruction boundary 
> and mark an interrupts. Just recording the micro-op number is just 
> stuffing 3 bits into the PC, plus three bits propagated down the 
> pipeline (FFs). The PC has two zero bits available already.

You don't need to do that back-up scanning thing or worry about
older exceptions if you transfer the exception info to the IQ/ROB uOp
as "results" and let Retire take care of it. At Retire you know
there are no older exceptions and that the committed state
managed by Retire is synchronized with this instruction's start.

An OoO instruction that executes normally will write back its results and
mark the uOp as Done. When the uOp gets to the Retire stage in the queue,
Retire sees its done so updates the committed state, PC and registers,
and removes it.

If an instruction exception occurs during execution, at write back
instead it marks the uOp as Except and records the exception number
and any auxiliary info into the uOp, such as the address that page
faulted and what R/W/E access it was attempting.

When an Except uOp reaches Retire, it sees the Except flag and
- purges all the uOps in flight including the one with the exception
   (so the PC and registers end up in the state they would be before
   the Except instruction, making the exception precise).

   Conceptually a big long CancelAll wire running to all function units
   and front end stages, and halts Fetch until further notice.

- resets the future state to match the committed state

- Retire saves enough state (PC, stack pointer, flags, priv mode)
   to restart plus saves the exception auxiliary details.
   These can all be copied to privileged control registers
   to be read later by the exception handler software.

- uses the exception number to select a new exception handler PC and SP
   to jam those registers, and switch to Supervisor mode.

   The first few instructions in the exception handler can copy the
   exception info from the control regs onto the supervisor stack
   (old PC, old SP, old flags, old priv mode, aux info) that the handler
   needs to fix the fault and restart.

The exception handler fixes the fault if it can and restores the restart
state (old PC, old SP, old flags, old priv mode) into the privileged
control registers. Afterward it executes a Return from Exception or
Interrupt REI instruction.

When Decode sees a REI instruction it:
- uses single step to wait for in-flight instructions to complete
- copies those privileged control registers back to PC, SP, flag, priv mode
- purges the Fetch stage so it restarts using the new PC and priv mode

>>> The lead micro-ops on a interrupt return are just NOP'd out. ATM there
>>> is no micro-op state that needs to be saved and restored through context
>>> switches, other than the index into the stream which can be saved as
>>> part of the PC.
>>
>> Also note: this is "completion" interrupt model used in 010, 020, 030
>> {Not sure about 040}.
>>
>> It caused:
>> a) a bunch of bugs
>> b) a lot of strange stack state
>> c) which could be attacked by any thread with privilege.
>>
>> Although it "sounds" like it saves {time, energy, forward progress}
>> the state saving/restoring on the stack pretty much consumes all of
>> that.
> 
> a) is a bit worrisome. Doing something out of the ordinary is always 
> asking for bugs. I am guessing programmers tried to manipulate the stack 
> state on the 68k series. I replicated the 010 as an FPGA core and IIRC I 
> stuff the machine state number onto the stack. Which is bound to be a 
> different number than the 010.
> b) There is no state that needs to be stacked outside of what is 
> normally stacked for an interrupt.

Exception handler needs the auxiliary info to know what to fix.

> For c) the usual interrupt as well 
> could be attacked by a thread with privilege.
> 
> I have coded it both ways, so I may make it a core option. Right up 
> there with page relative branching. There is already a flag to generate 
> the core for performance instead of size.
> 
> 




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#111534 — Re: fractional PCs

FromEricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com>
Date2025-04-28 10:50 -0400
SubjectRe: fractional PCs
Message-ID<EBMPP.1831387$SZca.1180228@fx13.iad>
In reply to#111533
EricP wrote:
> 

Oh I forgot to mention this mechanism is not interrupt reentrant so
must disable and enable interrupts. (But its still cheaper than x86.)

> - Retire saves enough state (PC, stack pointer, flags, priv mode)
>   to restart plus saves the exception auxiliary details.
>   These can all be copied to privileged control registers
>   to be read later by the exception handler software.

And disables interrupts so the those control registers can't be
overwritten by an interrupt before we have a chance to save them.

> - uses the exception number to select a new exception handler PC and SP
>   to jam those registers, and switch to Supervisor mode.
> 
>   The first few instructions in the exception handler can copy the
>   exception info from the control regs onto the supervisor stack
>   (old PC, old SP, old flags, old priv mode, aux info) that the handler
>   needs to fix the fault and restart.

After handler saves the state to the kernel stack it enables interrupts.

And disables interrupts just before it starts the restore sequence below.

> The exception handler fixes the fault if it can and restores the restart
> state (old PC, old SP, old flags, old priv mode) into the privileged
> control registers. Afterward it executes a Return from Exception or
> Interrupt REI instruction.

The old flags-mode registers also has an interrupt enable flag to restore.

> When Decode sees a REI instruction it:
> - uses single step to wait for in-flight instructions to complete
> - copies those privileged control registers back to PC, SP, flag, priv mode

And restores the committed interrupt enable flag.

> - purges the Fetch stage so it restarts using the new PC and priv mode

And Fetch's interrupt enable flag state is set to the committed state.


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