Path: csiph.com!fu-berlin.de!uni-berlin.de!individual.net!not-for-mail From: "Carlos E.R." Newsgroups: alt.os.linux Subject: Re: When I back-up .... Coping my Entire Internal HD to an external HD Date: Sat, 22 Mar 2025 23:20:33 +0100 Lines: 99 Message-ID: References: <5kv5alxctp.ln2@Telcontar.valinor> <7t5malx9rp.ln2@Telcontar.valinor> <1vsvalx2ng.ln2@Telcontar.valinor> <4eo2blx5q4.ln2@Telcontar.valinor> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Trace: individual.net sO5NfRvxJlrkS1a1APCY0gTtE6sKJcUaIrAYrMlY2mPYN8LGPx X-Orig-Path: Telcontar.valinor!not-for-mail Cancel-Lock: sha1:pyQAoZTgZmItTsMggqFCCx5wHpU= sha256:x9fIYLSTYBe2Yg1rzvuI3XajgfsQqZyJQA+iDT+wqLM= User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Content-Language: es-ES, en-CA In-Reply-To: Xref: csiph.com alt.os.linux:81172 On 2025-03-22 19:18, Paul wrote: > On Sat, 3/22/2025 8:52 AM, Carlos E.R. wrote: >> On 2025-03-21 15:16, Paul wrote: >>> On Fri, 3/21/2025 6:51 AM, Carlos E.R. wrote: >>>> On 2025-03-20 23:01, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote: >>>>> On Thu, 20 Mar 2025 12:24:07 +0100, Carlos E.R. wrote: >>>>> >>>>>> On 2025-03-19 22:00, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>> On Wed, 19 Mar 2025 16:05:06 +0000, Ant wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>>> exFAT can handle bigger files and partitions. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> But it doesn’t offer the option for journalling to guard against >>>>>>> filesystem corruption on crashes or improper removal/shutdown, does it. >>>>>> >>>>>> Perfect. >>>>>> >>>>>> You do not want journalling on an usb stick or memory card. >>>>> >>>>> But SSDs are also built on flash memory technology; do you disable >>>>> journalling on those as well? >>>> >>>> No, they have wear levelling, and an expected lifetime with normal usage patterns that is quite long. >>>> >>> >>> Exactly. SSDs algorithm and processing power (I read of an >>> SSD yesterday with a five core ARM processor in it), ensures >>> that the entire wear life of the device (number of cells times cycles) >>> is harvested. USB sticks don't even come remotely close to that. Some >>> USB sticks, don't even seem to follow what technical information >>> is available for them. Either their flash chips are entire crap >>> (should have been thrown out at flash factory), or, something >>> is very wrong with the controller. >> >> I just realized I have an nvme with 72713 hours of use. Probably the first one I bought. >> >> >> === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === >> Model Family:     SandForce Driven SSDs >> Device Model:     KINGSTON SMS200S3120G >> Serial Number:    ... >> LU WWN Device Id: 5 0026b7 26901494e >> Firmware Version: 608ABBF0 >> User Capacity:    120,034,123,776 bytes [120 GB] >> Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical >> Rotation Rate:    Solid State Device >> TRIM Command:     Available >> Device is:        In smartctl database 7.3/5528 >> ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS, ACS-2 T13/2015-D revision 3 >> SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s) >> Local Time is:    Sat Mar 22 13:14:02 2025 CET >> SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. >> SMART support is: Enabled >> >> ... >> >> SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10 >> Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: >> ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE >>   1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x0032   095   095   050    Old_age   Always       -       0/38481593 >>   5 Retired_Block_Count     0x0033   100   100   003    Pre-fail  Always       -       0 >>   9 Power_On_Hours_and_Msec 0x0032   017   017   000    Old_age   Always       -       72713h+43m+19.000s ... >> I just run a short test, but it doesn't show - or they count hours differently: >> >> SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 >> Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error >> # 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      7178         - >> # 2  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      7168         - >> # 3  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      7166         - > > That's amazing, that a 120GB drive is still alive. Some of those > die due to firmware issues. Oh. > it could be a SATA type NVME, rather than a PCIe. This one has the small connector directly on the PCB. The first one I saw. But the interesting thing is that it identifies as /dev/sda, not /dev/nvme0n1 > > The entry in /dev should help you identify what it is listed under. Ah. Well, /dev/sda. > > As far as I know, Sandforce did compressing controllers for SATA, > and Kingston was their major customer. I could not tell you > whether Sandforce was still in business or not. -- Cheers, Carlos.