Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds

From	John Levine <johnl@taugh.com>
Newsgroups	comp.arch
Subject	Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds
Date	2025-06-20 18:40 +0000
Organization	Taughannock Networks
Message-ID	<10349uo$fvb$1@gal.iecc.com> (permalink)
References	<0c857b8347f07f3a0ca61c403d0a8711@www.novabbs.com> <102vtc7$3kk4u$1@dont-email.me> <1031iph$2ap0$1@gal.iecc.com> <4057bf3bc918d18b9cecedbd3bc4dbcf@www.novabbs.com>

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According to quadibloc  <quadibloc@gmail.com>:
>I disagree with his solution, because index registers are for
>displacing from an address; base registers build an address.
>Locations in memory should be able to be addressed in a static
>manner.

That makes sense now, hot wo much in 1963.

S/360 architecture had two incompatible goals. It had a 24 bit flat address
space, but all of the actual machines were a lot smaller than that. Memory was
expensive, so they needed compact address encoding. Putting full 24 bit
addresses in the instructions would have made them too large and wasted a lot of
space. The largest machine in the first set of 360s was only 512K, 19 address
bits.

So they needed a way to put partial addresses in the instructions. Considering
the options, I think they did pretty well. The other possibilities would have
been some kind of bank switching (which they did on the CTSS 7094) or
local/page0 (PDP-5) or segments, all of which would have made programming a lot
more painful. The scheme they chose meant that you set up a bunch of registers
to point to your code and various chunks of data, and then efficiently used them
as base registers to do your work, since it was rare for a single I/O buffer or
data structure to be bigger than 4K. Arrays might be bigger than that, but
that's what index registers are for.

I don't think that replacing the multiple base registers with a single implicit
base register as Stephen Fuld has suggested would have been practical. Programs
all used multiple base registers to address data. If you turned those into index
registers, now most of your data accesses will in effect be double indexed
(implicit base plus explicit index) and the extra trip through the adder was
slow on small machines.

One thing I do think they could have done better was branch addressing. Rather
than B+D like they did for data, make it a 16 bit signed offset, shifted one bit
left since instructions were halfword aligned. That meant you could jump up to
64K in either direction without a base register for code. They sort of faked it
since the usual start to a routine was BALR R,0 to put the PC in register R to
use as a base register, but they added that kind of relative branch later in
S/390. The relative branch is still a single addition, same as B+D, so I would
think the performance on small machines would be similar.
-- 
Regards,
John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly

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                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-19 23:18 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-20 15:13 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 20:35 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 21:27 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 21:09 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 21:48 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-21 14:57 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-19 23:36 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-20 01:32 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-20 13:45 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 17:19 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-20 18:06 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 18:31 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-20 12:27 -0700
                Re: emulation, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-20 20:16 +0000
                Re: emulation, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 20:47 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 21:26 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-06-21 14:33 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 21:34 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-20 23:57 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-21 00:06 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-21 00:13 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-20 23:20 -0700
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-21 07:40 +0000
                Killer Micros (was: old and slow base and bounds) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-06-21 09:56 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-06-21 14:25 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-06-21 11:39 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2025-06-21 16:50 +0100
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-21 17:59 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-21 18:26 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-21 19:37 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2025-06-21 20:27 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-21 20:31 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-21 20:36 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-06-21 14:27 -0700
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-06-24 09:45 +0200
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-22 06:34 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Andreas Eder <a_eder_muc@web.de> - 2025-06-22 11:52 +0200
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-22 00:55 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2025-07-01 14:22 +0100
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-07-01 17:39 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-07-01 18:00 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-06-22 20:23 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> - 2025-06-22 12:15 -1000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-22 22:44 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-23 09:23 -0400
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-23 20:04 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-23 23:16 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-06-23 17:02 -0700
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-24 00:25 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-24 00:53 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-24 02:49 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-24 06:21 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-06-24 09:59 +0200
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-24 06:16 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-06-24 14:12 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-06-24 07:43 -0700
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-24 14:53 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-06-24 14:48 +0000
                Re: mainframe vs mini, old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-24 13:01 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-21 17:49 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-06-21 14:36 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-19 13:37 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-19 17:52 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-19 19:00 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-20 07:42 -0700
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-20 18:40 +0000
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-20 17:15 -0400
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-20 21:30 +0000
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-21 17:21 +0000
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-21 15:46 -0400
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-21 22:42 -0700
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-24 10:58 -0700
                Re: cramming 24 bits of address into 16 bits, was old and slow base and bounds John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-24 19:31 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-19 12:36 -0700
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-19 21:45 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-06-19 16:05 -0700
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-19 23:45 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-20 14:51 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 15:55 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-19 20:25 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-19 12:12 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-19 10:32 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-19 14:54 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-06-19 20:36 -0400
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-20 01:10 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-20 01:15 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-06-21 12:04 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-21 20:32 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-06-22 01:26 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-22 01:36 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-22 08:57 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-22 17:52 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-22 18:25 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-06-22 20:29 +0000
                Re: tape hacks, linking and sortiing John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-22 22:44 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-23 06:07 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-23 09:56 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, quadibloc <quadibloc@gmail.com> - 2025-06-23 10:01 +0000
                Re: linking and sortiing, old and slow base and bounds, Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-06-23 17:13 +0000
                Re: old and slow base and bounds, Why I've Dropped In John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-06-22 01:31 +0000
                Re: Why I've Dropped In mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-06-14 17:00 +0000
                Re: Why I've Dropped In John Savard <quadibloc@invalid.invalid> - 2025-07-28 23:18 +0000
                Re: Why I've Dropped In BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-07-28 22:56 -0500
                Re: Why I've Dropped In MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-08-26 21:46 +0000
                VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-07-29 08:45 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-07-29 16:44 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-07-30 05:59 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-07-30 04:02 -0500
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-07-30 16:24 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-07-30 13:24 -0500
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-01 17:02 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-01 15:24 -0500
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-02 15:33 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-02 15:15 -0500
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-02 18:55 -0500
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 16:33 +0000
                Re: VAX MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-08-25 00:56 +0000
                Re: VAX MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-08-31 18:04 +0000
                What is more important MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-09-04 15:23 +0000
                Re: What is more important Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-09-04 10:25 -0700
                Re: What is more important MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-09-04 21:00 +0000
                Re: What is more important BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-09-04 16:54 -0500
                Re: What is more important anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-09-05 15:03 +0000
                Re: What is more important BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-09-05 14:26 -0500
                Re: What is more important BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-09-05 14:38 -0500
                Re: What is more important Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-09-05 21:56 -0400
                Re: What is more important Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-09-10 13:31 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2025-07-30 17:17 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-01 17:16 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-01 18:11 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-01 20:41 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-02 09:07 +0000
                Re: VAX (was: Why I've Dropped In) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-02 23:21 +0000
                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-02 23:10 -0400
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-03 09:14 +0000
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-03 07:41 -0700
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 10:24 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:40 +0000
                Re: VAX John Ames <commodorejohn@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 08:32 -0700
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 11:47 -0500
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 17:20 +0000
                Re: 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-04 18:17 +0000
                Re: 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:17 +0300
                Re: 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:36 +0000
                Re: 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-04 20:00 +0000
                Re: IBM's 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-04 21:04 +0000
                Re: IBM's 32 vs 64 bits, was VAX Lynn Wheeler <lynn@garlic.com> - 2025-08-07 07:32 -1000
                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-04 15:40 -0400
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 16:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-31 16:43 -0400
                Re: VAX Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-31 22:26 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-09-01 06:07 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D’Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-09-01 06:57 +0000
                Debian on AMD64 (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-09-01 07:40 +0000
                Re: Debian on AMD64 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-09-01 12:15 -0400
                Re: Debian on AMD64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-09-01 11:33 -0500
                Re: Debian on AMD64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-09-01 20:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Marco Moock <mm@dorfdsl.de> - 2025-09-21 16:20 +0200
                Re: VAX Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> - 2025-09-21 15:45 +0100
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-09-21 17:54 +0300
                Re: VAX Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-08-04 14:06 -0700
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 00:21 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 21:51 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:38 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:39 +0000
                Re: VAX "Kerr-Mudd, John" <admin@127.0.0.1> - 2025-08-05 09:25 +0100
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-05 17:24 +0200
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-05 15:41 +0000
                System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 07:32 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 15:03 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 16:10 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 18:15 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-13 19:40 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-13 19:25 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-13 21:23 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-14 07:58 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-14 13:28 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 15:14 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 15:25 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-14 15:32 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 15:44 +0000
                Re: System calls David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-14 19:15 +0200
                Re: System calls Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-14 17:43 +0000
                Re: System calls David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-15 17:49 +0200
                Re: System calls cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-14 21:44 +0000
                Re: System calls David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-15 17:49 +0200
                Re: System calls cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-15 18:33 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-13 18:51 +0000
                Re: System calls (was: VAX) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-13 20:28 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-13 19:35 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 00:49 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-06 13:48 +0000
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:24 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:41 +0000
                Re: VAX vallor <vallor@cultnix.org> - 2025-08-05 05:56 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 01:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-01 20:06 -0700
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-02 03:37 +0000
                Re: VAX ted@loft.tnolan.com (Ted Nolan <tednolan>) - 2025-08-02 04:14 +0000
                Re: VAX "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-08-01 21:35 -0700
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-02 08:07 +0000
                Re: VAX Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-02 01:48 -0700
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:45 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-02 23:08 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-03 16:51 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-04 00:04 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-03 21:07 -0500
                Re: VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-03 20:39 -0700
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-04 04:50 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 12:35 +0300
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 11:59 -0500
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 12:19 +0300
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 12:09 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 14:51 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 18:28 +0300
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 09:53 -0700
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-04 16:58 +0000
                Re: VAX "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2025-08-05 13:03 -0500
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:03 +0300
                Re: VAX James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2025-08-04 15:25 -0400
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:40 +0300
                Re: VAX "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 12:44 -0700
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 22:21 -0700
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-05 21:25 +0000
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-05 19:14 -0700
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-06 04:31 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-06 11:48 +0300
                Re: VAX James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2025-08-06 11:56 -0400
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-05 21:13 +0000
                Re: VAX James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2025-08-06 11:54 -0400
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 13:58 -0700
                Re: VAX Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2025-08-05 21:08 +0000
                Re: VAX Jakob Bohm <egenagwemdimtapsar@jbohm.dk> - 2025-08-17 20:18 +0200
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-17 22:18 -0700
                Re: VAX Richard Heathfield <rjh@cpax.org.uk> - 2025-08-18 08:02 +0100
                Re: VAX David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-08-18 11:34 +0200
                Re: VAX Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2025-08-18 21:57 -0700
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 15:11 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 19:00 +0300
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 19:04 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-04 22:49 +0200
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 00:14 +0300
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 01:43 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-05 17:31 +0200
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 19:49 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-05 22:17 +0200
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-06 00:21 +0300
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-06 16:19 +0200
                3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-06 20:43 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-07 15:15 +0200
                3-way long addition (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-19 05:47 +0000
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-19 07:09 +0000
                Re: 3-way long addition Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-19 12:11 +0200
                Re: 3-way long addition anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-19 17:43 +0000
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-19 17:20 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-19 17:24 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition (was: VAX) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-19 23:03 +0300
                Re: 3-way long addition Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-20 10:50 +0200
                Re: 3-way long addition Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-20 14:16 +0300
                Intel ADX (was: 3-way long addition) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-20 14:08 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 18:25 +0300
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 12:56 -0500
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 14:22 +0000
                Re: VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-04 16:46 +0200
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 15:05 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 18:07 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 15:32 +0000
                Re: VAX Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-08-04 15:09 -0400
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 22:31 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 20:29 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-05 00:08 +0300
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-04 21:23 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 06:46 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-05 03:14 -0500
                Re: VAX Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-08-05 11:52 -0700
                Re: VAX Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-08-06 05:37 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 06:20 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-04 12:12 -0500
                I32LP64 vs. ILP64 (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 11:28 +0000
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-06 15:55 +0000
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 12:47 -0500
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 12:00 -0500
                Re: I32LP64 vs. ILP64 (was: VAX) Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 05:38 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 11:05 +0000
                Re: VAX BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-08-06 12:12 -0500
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-06 18:22 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-06 10:32 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-06 17:25 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-06 12:11 -0700
                Re: individual 64 bits, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-06 19:50 +0000
                Re: individual 64 bits, was VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-06 20:30 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:36 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-08-07 15:44 +0200
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Peter Flass <Peter@Iron-Spring.com> - 2025-08-07 07:34 -0700
                Re: 64 bits, S/360 was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-07 20:54 +0000
                Re: 64 bits, was VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-08 03:51 +0000
                Bit addressing (was: 64 bits) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-07 14:57 +0000
                Re: Bit addressing drb@ihatespam.msu.edu (Dennis Boone) - 2025-08-07 15:54 +0000
                Re: Bit addressing Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-08-07 13:01 -0700
                Re: Bit addressing (was: 64 bits) Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-07 13:34 -0700
                Re: VAX Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2025-08-06 23:12 +0000
                Re: VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-06 23:15 +0000
                Re: VAX Lars Poulsen <lars@cleo.beagle-ears.com> - 2025-08-06 23:32 +0000
                Re: word lengths in C, was VAX John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-08-07 02:56 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-07 11:21 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-07 13:34 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-06 23:38 +0000
                Re: VAX Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-08-04 12:42 +0300
                Re: VAX Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-08-04 03:32 -0700
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 05:37 +0000
                Re: VAX anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-04 13:42 +0000
                Re: VAX Andy Burns <usenet@andyburns.uk> - 2025-08-04 16:50 +0100
                Re: VAX antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-08-04 23:52 +0000
                Re: VAX Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2025-08-05 05:35 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-05 01:31 +0000
                Re: VAX scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-08-05 13:46 +0000
                Re: VAX cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-08-05 17:21 +0000
                ILP32 code on 64-bit substrate (was: VAX) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-08-12 15:28 +0000

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