Path: csiph.com!eternal-september.org!feeder.eternal-september.org!nntp.eternal-september.org!.POSTED!not-for-mail From: Christopher Howard Newsgroups: sci.electronics.design Subject: Re: cheap analog square function? Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 06:40:05 -0900 Organization: A noiseless patient Spider Lines: 16 Message-ID: <87ms1cd54a.fsf@librehacker.com> References: <877bslbhl7.fsf@librehacker.com> <10mlh77$1q347$1@dont-email.me> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain Injection-Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 15:40:06 +0000 (UTC) Injection-Info: dont-email.me; posting-host="7c2a057920220c45d46ba6b762a858df"; logging-data="2546981"; mail-complaints-to="abuse@eternal-september.org"; posting-account="U2FsdGVkX185LvV2xnLGCDgakuaK1UWvmaDiwEVBQIc=" User-Agent: Gnus/5.13 (Gnus v5.13) Cancel-Lock: sha1:kPczjTo2wzTBiTANlcCApfbZD84= sha1:NoUQ1EeDME3WOSNZvLqWqYVOoBg= Xref: csiph.com sci.electronics.design:740377 piglet writes: > If high precision is not needed and only LF response is enough then I > have used PWM techniques: > > Circuit A is the basic squaring concept, relies on modern open-drain > output comparators being pretty good switches to ground. Assumes you > already have a source of sawtooth or triangle waves with defined zero > and peak values in the system. > Could you please explain better how the PWM squarer circuit works? It look like it would be easy to build, but I don't grasp what is going on. -- Christopher Howard