Path: csiph.com!eternal-september.org!feeder.eternal-september.org!reader01.eternal-september.org!.POSTED!not-for-mail From: D Finnigan Newsgroups: comp.sys.apple2.programmer Subject: Re: Assembler for Learning Assembly Language Programming ORCA vs Merlinvs =?UTF-8?B?Pz8/?= Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2019 18:00:13 -0000 (UTC) Organization: Mac GUI Lines: 28 Message-ID: References: <0345a392-b919-4062-bcc6-b5de758387c4@googlegroups.com> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Injection-Date: Tue, 30 Jul 2019 18:00:13 -0000 (UTC) Injection-Info: reader02.eternal-september.org; posting-host="80bf738f6430af1e460b67957ba485a2"; logging-data="2472"; mail-complaints-to="abuse@eternal-september.org"; posting-account="U2FsdGVkX1/XtihVaakZjWid6XSMZwpd" User-Agent: Mac GUI Usenet Cancel-Lock: sha1:NBip1OTkVAYWsBy6zfKHDK0F4hk= In-Reply-To: <0345a392-b919-4062-bcc6-b5de758387c4@googlegroups.com> Xref: csiph.com comp.sys.apple2.programmer:5168 touvell@gmail.com wrote: > Many years since doing any programming on the Apple IIs, I've been > thinking > about learning to do some assembly language programming on them. I learned assembly language on the Apple II first by using the Mini-Assembler built in to the Old Monitor ROM, the enhanced Apple IIe, or the Apple IIgs. I also hand-wrote and hand-assembled the code into machine language and manually entered it using the Monitor. The purpose here was to better learn and memorize the hex opcodes. This is useful because you'll often be patching code in RAM to debug it, so there's a handful of opcodes to be memorized. The programs I wrote were only a couple dozen bytes in length at most. After I'd mastered the basics of the instruction set & the simpler addressing modes, then I moved on the Big Mac and Merlin. I found the biggest learning curve was the addressing modes, understanding how they work, and knowing which mode is best suited for which situation. -- ]DF$ The New Apple II User's Guide: https://macgui.com/newa2guide/