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Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects?

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In article <87zfqy6v54.fsf@bsb.me.uk>,
  Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> wrote:

> James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> writes:

> > On 7/3/24 10:31, Vincent Lefevre wrote:
> >> ISO C17 (and C23 draft) 7.1.1 defines a string as follows: "A string
> >> is a contiguous sequence of characters terminated by and including
> >> the first null character."
> >>
> >> But may a string span multiple, independent objects that happens
> >> to be contiguous in memory?
> ...
> >> For instance, is the following program valid and what does the ISO C
> >> standard say about that?
> >>
> >> #include <stdio.h>
> >> #include <string.h>
> >>
> >> typedef char *volatile vp;
> >>
> >> int main (void)
> >> {
> >> char a = '\0', b = '\0';
> >
> > a and b are not guaranteed to be contiguous.
> >
> >> vp p = &a, q = &b;
> >>
> >> printf ("%p\n", (void *) p);
> >> printf ("%p\n", (void *) q);
> >> if (p + 1 == q)
> >> {
> >
> > That comparison is legal, and has well-defined behavior. It will be true
> > only if they are in fact contiguous.
> >
> >> a = 'x';
> >> printf ("%zd\n", strlen (p));
> >
> > Because strlen() must take a pointer to 'a' (which is treated, for these
> > purposes, as a array of char of length 1), and increment it one past the
> > end of that array, and then dereference that pointer to check whether it
> > points as a null character, the behavior is undefined.

> I think this is slightly misleading.  It suggests that the UB comes from
> something strlen /must/ do, but strlen must be thought of as a black
> box.  We can't base anyhting on a assumed implementation.

I agree (and note that strlen is not necessarily written in C).

> But our conclusion is correct because there is explicit wording covering
> this case.  The section on "String function conventions" (7.24.1)
> states:

>   "If an array is accessed beyond the end of an object, the behavior is
>   undefined."

Arguments of these functions are either arrays and strings, where a
string is not defined as being an array (or a part of an array). So
I don't see why this text, as written, would apply to strings.

BTW, the definition of an object is rather vague: "region of data
storage in the execution environment, the contents of which can
represent values". But it is not excluded that contiguous areas
can form an object.

Similarly, malloc() is specified as allocating space for an object,
but this does not mean that one initially has an object in the
allocated space, though with the above restriction, this would
be important to be able to use memset() on this storage area.

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre <vincent@vinc17.net> - Web: <https://www.vinc17.net/>
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: <https://www.vinc17.net/blog/>
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

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Thread

May a string span multiple, independent objects? Vincent Lefevre <vincent-news@vinc17.net> - 2024-07-03 14:31 +0000
  Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? Hans-Bernhard Bröker <HBBroeker@gmail.com> - 2024-07-03 17:23 +0200
    Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? Vincent Lefevre <vincent-news@vinc17.net> - 2024-07-03 15:37 +0000
    Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-07-03 12:11 -0400
    Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-08 08:51 -0700
  Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-07-03 11:59 -0400
    Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-07-03 22:08 +0100
      Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-07-03 17:36 -0400
      Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? Vincent Lefevre <vincent-news@vinc17.net> - 2024-07-04 13:22 +0000
        Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-07-05 05:14 +0100
        Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-07-05 01:37 -0400
        Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-08 08:35 -0700
  Re: May a string span multiple, independent objects? Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2024-07-05 07:14 +0000

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