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Date: Thu, 10 Feb 2011 21:50:10 -0800
Subject: Re: Parameterized functions of no arguments?
From: Chris Rebert <clp2@rebertia.com>
To: Rotwang <sg552@hotmail.co.uk>
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On Thu, Feb 10, 2011 at 8:54 PM, Rotwang <sg552@hotmail.co.uk> wrote:
> Hi all
>
> Sorry if this is a dumb question, I would guess it's answered in an FAQ
> somewhere but I haven't been able to find anything that helps. I'm trying=
 to
> use Tkinter to create a menu whose entries and corresponding commands dep=
end
> on some list x. I want the menu options to be labelled by the elements of=
 x,
> and upon selecting an option k I want my program to execute a function f(=
k).
> So I tried writing something that schematically looked like this:
>
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0def f(k):
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0[do something that depends on k]
>
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0menu =3D Tkinter.Menu(master, tearoff =3D 0)
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0for k in x:
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0menu.add_command(label =3D str(k), command =3D=
 lambda: f(k))
>
> The trouble is, whenever I open the menu and click on any entry k, instea=
d
> of evaluating f(k) it always evaluates f(x[-1]). I've also tried this:
>
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0menu =3D Tkinter.Menu(master, tearoff =3D 0)
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0for k in x:
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0def f():
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0[do something that depends on k]
> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0menu.add_command(label =3D str(k), command =3D=
 f)
>
> and it gives me the same problem. Can anybody suggest a way around this?

It's a well-known problem due to the intricacies of Python's scoping rules.
One workaround is:

for k in x:
    def f(k=3Dk):
[rest same as before]

Basically, the problem is that f() does close over the variable k, but
not the particular value of k at the time it was defined; f() looks up
the value of k anew each time it's called. But by the time you get
around to actually calling f(), the loop has terminated and thus k
retains its last value of x[-1]. Default argument values, however, are
evaluated only once and at definition-time, thus achieving the
intended behavior.

Cheers,
Chris
--
http://blog.rebertia.com